Annotated Bibliography On Domestic Violence

Annotated Bibliography On Domestic Violence
Topic– Remedies for domestic violence in India
India is a male–dominated country where women have to face various violence in the society from
the ancient time. As the world is going towards technology development but women are dominated
from ancient times by un–natural sex, abuse and domestic violence. Rapes and murders have been
so common now–a–days. Other violence are like harassment, assault, and chain–snatching, etc have
been involved in the daily routine in the modern Indian society. Violence against women has grown
to a much extent in the free India. Dowry deaths, murder, bride burning, etc are giving rise to other
violence in the society. Increase in domestic violence is hindering the economic, social and political
culture progress in india. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a complex phenomenon covering several dimensions of violence. It has reduces the status of
young girls in the society as well as lowers their dignity. At the time of marriage, if a bride do not
bring adequate dowry with her, she would really be at high risk of maltreatment after the marriage.
Thousands of girls are bring victims of this social devil on daily basis. Millions of people may
immediately relate to this quote. Domestic Violence has no universally accepted definition but it
cuts across all religions, castes, ethnic groups, backgrounds and countries and is a global
phenomenon. Anyone of any age group from children to old people could be victims of domestic
violence. The son, wife, husband, mother, father, sister, brother, girlfriend or any other relative could
be abused. The legal, everyday definition may change in different parts of the world but in its most
basic form, domestic violence could be said to be a behavior by a person, which is coercive in
nature, towards any other family member, partner, ex–partner, children which is intended to
dominate and gain power and control of the other party. It can be done against any sex, in any
relation,
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Al Amira Headscarf
Immigrants make up 20.6% of Canada's total population or about 6 775 800 people (Chui). The
effect of a large population of immigrants within Canada is a diverse collection of languages,
traditions, and religions. Although two–thirds of the Canadian population affiliate with Christianity,
Islam is the second largest religion in the country. Over one million people or 3.2% of the total
population identifies as Muslim, which is a collective term for those who practice Islam (Chui).
Although Canada is a very diverse country many are unfamiliar with the traditions of Islam. One of
the most noticeable yet misunderstood Islamic traditions is the decision to wear a headscarf. Many
Muslim women wear these headscarves, which can vary in size, coverage, ... Show more content on
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This screen allows the wearer to see out, but prevents anyone from seeing inside the Burka
(Goldman). Although the screen allows some sight it completely restricts peripheral vision therefore
making it harder for a woman to do normal tasks while wearing this headscarf. Muslim women in
Afghanistan usually wear this headscarf while it is more rare in European countries (Sobel). In
Kabul most Burka are blue but it may appear in other colours ("What is"). The Burka is a headscarf
that covers the whole body, which makes it one of the most concealing and controversial Islamic

Rama Mehta 's Inside The Haveli Essay
Rama Mehta's Inside The Haveli(1977) presents the story of the protagonist Geeta's identity–crisis
in the cross–culture content. Brought up in Bombay, Geeta the independent young women struggles
to maintain her modern identity in a traditional world of haveli of Udaipur, where she is married.
Therefore, the novel projects a woman's story or a journey of a woman. Inside The Haveli is a novel
that defines a few bad customs like purdah– traditions, narrow–mindedness, women exploitation,
girls'illiteracy and child marriage prevailed in a Rajputana haveli of Udaipur in Rajasthan, India that
is symbolic of prevalence of all these bad customs, rituals and rules in all over India. The novel is an
attack on traditinal mam dominating society. Almost whole story revolves around the haveli where
females are deprived of their right and liberty and where the birth of a girl– child is considered bad.
Feminism entered in literature in 1960's. It seems that Rama Mehta' Inside The Haveli was inspired
or influenced by idea of feminism. I am projecting Geeta as a protagonist from a feminist point of
view. Rama Mehta occupies a significant place among others women novelists. In Rama Mehta's
Inside The Haveli. Geeta(mouth piece of Rama Mehta) protagonist in modern educated young
woman. She is crushed under the weight of a male dominated and tradition–bound society, she
protests against this, her protest makes the novel more emotional. There are many parts and points
where we can see how

Play Analysis : Playing With Fire
Playing with Fire portrays the lives of seven women from diverse castes and religions in Uttar
Pradesh, India. Although these women inhabit different and unequal worlds in many respects, they
share the burden of being women in a society marked by extreme male dominance and the
oppression of women. Regardless of their respective circumstances, the women are exposed from
birth to a world where they are constantly controlled and victims of violence. At the same time, the
women share a collective story of empowerment. Playing With Fire describes, from the perspective
of the women themselves, how they become village–level activists and how they find the strength to
be heard and make a difference.
At a broad level, many of the biggest ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Struggling for food, constant beatings, and no affection or love, growing up as a girl was
humiliating. "The birth of a girl ruined the ceremony for some. She had made the home impure"
(Nagar, 18). Sandhya explains her life being born into a family as the only girl with five other
brothers. Her father was killed months later by a village riot, and being the only daughter, she was
blamed for the death. "Baba (Sandhya's parental grandfather) always regarded Sandhya as the cause
of his son's death. Raised on the fear and hatred of her father's killers within the four walls of her
home, Sandhya's growing up largely went unnoticed by her extended family" (Nagar, 18).
Caste also plays a significant role in the oppression of women in India. Caste, or hereditary classes
of Hindu society, impacted the seven women's childhoods' immensely in terms of the violence and
oppression they suffered. "There was no denying that each one of us had suffered deprivation, but
the ways in which caste–based violence shapes, depends, and poisons that deprivation became the
theme of our discussions" (Nagar, 26). Radha, a Paasi (on the lower end of the class spectrum) was
oppressed not only because she was a woman but also because of the class from which she came.
Upon entering school, she was not allowed to touch other people's things or play with other children
without being beaten for her actions.

Purdah And The Practice Of Foot-Binding During The Song...
Although it began in the late T'ang Dynasty, foot binding had increasingly spread through the
aristocracy during the Song Dynasty. Purdah in Afghanistan was practiced among the wealthy as
well as in foot binding. In both customs, even those who could not afford it practiced foot binding
and purdah because it had a big impact on how men and women would marry. Restriction,
symbolism, and how women were viewed makes the practice of Purdah in Afghanistan contrast with
the practice of Foot–Binding in China.
Afghan women had a lot of restrictions as opposed to those with bound feet in china. Afghan women
were isolated from men who were not a relative. Women could not venture off outdoors without
being accompanied by a male family member. Working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Foot–binding was considered a symbol of beauty. Women in the upper class practiced foot binding
for the reason that men found small feet sexually appealing. Generally, women in the upper class
practiced foot binding; however, those of lower class also craved it. Women in the lower class would
bind their daughter's feet at a young age with hopes that she would marry into money. Bound feet
were not only an indicator of social standing but wealth as well. Bound feet became the primary way
for a lower class woman to marry into money. Women with bound feet that married into wealth did
not have to work; however, those who did not would have to work. Bound feet were the ultimate
representation of submission. Women with bound feet had no choice but to submit to their husbands
because they were physically incapable of doing very much. Likewise, purdah also was primarily
practiced by upper class women; however, it was not symbolic for the same reasons as foot binding.
Women that practiced purdah would almost always cover all parts of the body besides the eyes. This
was done because then the men would not be attracted to the women physically, but more so
mentally. Afghans were into inner beauty and viewed the practice of purdah as protecting the
women. Women with bound feet kept their feet hidden always as does women who practice purdah
keeps themselves hidden. However, women with bound feet wanted their beauty to be seen whereas
Afghans did not. Women covering themselves in front of anyone who is not family, symbolized that
she is modest. A woman who moved around without covering or a companion opened the gateway
to possible sexual

Comparing Women In Hinduism And Christianity
Throughout history women have been treated as objects. Although it has never been a better time to
be a woman, people today treat women with disrespect. A reason women are treated this way is
because of religion and the societies that surround them. Some religions have put women down and
morphed the image of women to fulfill their religious views. Two of these aforementioned religions
are Hinduism and Christianity. These religions have made out women to be lower than men in both
similar and different ways. Hinduism and Christianity put women in a negative light and it effects
the women in their communities.
Like most religions the perception of women has evolved over time. Sometimes it was for the better
other times it is for the worse. An example of this is exemplified in Hinduism. According to A
Concise Encyclopedia of Hinduism by Klaus K. Klostermaier, "In Vedic times women were the
equals of men in almost ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example:
Leviticus 12:2
"Speak unto the children of Israel, saying, If a woman have conceived seed, and born a man child:
then she shall be unclean seven days; according to the days of the separation for her infirmity shall
she be unclean."
1 Corinthians 11:3 *
"But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman [is]
the man; and the head of Christ [is] God." (And many more)
Unfortunately, some people in the faith believe that women are automatically sinners because of Eve
eating the fruit and due to the aforementioned verses. Although the severity in the discrimination
isn't as overt as in Hinduism, there are still issues that affect Christian women today. "The history of
Christianity would have had a very different development if it had not been for the generous support
of many women... who played an effective and precious role in spreading the Gospel. Their witness
cannot be forgotten."
Pope Benedict

Gender Roles In Pakistan
Pakistan Culture and Gender Roles Gender roles in Pakistan are completely segregated and unequal.
Women have no rights in Pakistan and are looked down on from the day of birth. The women are
required to be subordinate to men and the Pakistani's family honor relies on the woman's obedience.
The women of Pakistan naturally adopt the role of being the primary caretaker for the family. The
Muslim faith has a significant influence on decision making and roles males and females must have.
In Pakistan, the males are praised and given the best of everything with education and health needs,
however, that treatment is not reciprocated with females. the Pakistani's believe their daughter
belongs to another family from the day she is born. They believe she isn't of any use to them
because she will ultimately marry and belong to her husband's family (Harry, 2012). Pakistani
females have their lives planned for them by their father and are forbidden to have any kind of
individuality. They are preconditioned to their roles and responsibilities in the family. Even though
receiving love from family, a Pakistani female will grow through her lifespan feeling powerless to
change the plan her father has established for her. They are taught to become dependent on males
and are never allowed to be unaccompanied outside of the home (Harry, 2012). In Pakistan, the
males attend school and help with farming. If females were given the same opportunities with
education as the males, Pakistan's

Uma Narayan Mind Of Their Own Summary
In the Second Sex written by Simone De Beauvoir, women are treated as second class citizens.
Women are taught to think, act, and be a certain way. There is little opportunity for growth and
development outside of these strict gender roles. The same principal is also reflected in Uma
Narayan's Mind of their own. Through these works it is clear that women are viewed as inessential. I
will argue that both the Second Sex and Mind of Their Own demonstrate a fundamental oppression
created by males in a society yet, women bargain with the patriarchy and remain in these seemly
oppressive molds based on a personal choice. In Mind of Their Own, women use what little social
power they possess to negotiate with men; intending to produce a more amicable ... Show more
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An example of women being subjugated to these restrictive practices is the "prisoner of patriarchy
seen in Mind of Their Own. As Narayan defines "prisoner of patriarchy has various forms of
patriarchal oppression imposed on her entirely against her will and consent." (418) similarly to the
prisoner of patriarchy is the idea for the Second Sex, that women have nothing of their own to serve
as a foundation for their escape. This can be demonstrated through the quote "Women lack concrete
means for organizing themselves into a unit that can stand face to face with the correlative unit.
They have no past, no history, no religious, of their own; and they have no such solidarity of work
and interest." (18) Both of these quotes demonstrate a lack of necessary resources to penetrate
through the patriarchy. Prisoners of patriarchy's right have been taken away with no liberty left, like
a real prisoner. The women mentioned by De Beauvoir lack a separate identity from their male
counterparts, with virtually nothing to call their own. Both of which are problematic, and prove to
be a negative situation. However, do not attest to be the only reason women stay within these molds.
Another potential reason women stay is somewhat their own fault. Through self–imposed
limitations women help perpetuate these oppressive molds. As stated by De Beauvoir, "if women
seems to be the inessential which never become the essential, it is because she herself fails to bring
about this change," (18) Indicating the fault is not sole placed upon males. Women have not been
assertive enough in requiring their needs. Narayan also states that "she is imagined to completely
subscribe to the patriarchal norms and practices of her culture, through self–imposed dupe of
patriarchy." (419) Meaning women could escape these practices entirely on her own, if she

The Garb Of Societal Norms: An Analysis
In this paper the author has made a sincere venture which maybe aptly called an adventure the
author has taken a painstaking and arduous task of highlighting cruelty on women under the garb of
Societal Norms and its horrible consequences leading to disintegration of family life and trying to
suggest a solution to Domestic Violence, that is a social problem and mist be solved by both social
and legal solution because not always legislation by itself can be a solution to deep rooted social
problems. Although the statue passed may give the problem of Domestic Violence a little push and
have that educative factor as well as legal sanction behind however as Roscoe Pound, said "What
there is in the way of preventive Justice Is achieved not by legal but by social agencies. It is done,
for the most part not by the agencies of law but by the social workers." ... Show more content on
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O'Creulty, why thy victim is generally a woman!
The right to be safe and live free from violence is a fundamental human right, for both men and
women. For this sole reason wherein this paper on one side we attempts to cover violence against
women, it's causes, legislations preventing such incidents, on the other hand the paper has
extensively talked about possible misuses of Domestic Violence Laws of Women and at the end
have tried to focus on Gender

Veiling For Muslim Women
Vast numbers of Muslim women around the world, range by wearing a simple head scarf to full–
body burqa. The book aims to explain this very visible, yet controversial and least understood Islam
emblem. Sahar Amer highlights the multiple meanings of veiling, showing that the practice cannot
be homogenized or oversimplified and it extends well beyond the religious and political accounts
that are overwhelming proclaimed both inside and outside Muslim majority societies. Despite
popular belief, Islam did not invent veiling nor is the practice specific to Muslims (Amer, 1). Veiling
has been practiced by Christian, Jewish and Muslim women for the past two millennia, but
somehow it is associated primarily with Muslims (Amer, 1). It is interesting ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
In Merriam–Webster English dictionary, it states nearly the same definition, but goes on to mention
the nun's headdress and the bride's ornamental head cover as examples of veiling (Amer, 10). So
why do we, as Euro–Americans typically associate veiling with Islamic practice? In reference to
Islam, the veil takes on a specific connotation in our popular imagery. Typically, we do not associate
the sheer bridal veil with Islam, rather it is fused with images of a black cloak, a chador, covering a
Muslim woman from head to toe in Iran (Amer, 10). Unfortunately, the media plays another role in
this as this is how many movies, television programs, and newspapers have portrayed these women.
Growing up in a country that has only shown images of women in dark, dense coverings, I did not
realize that women did not necessarily dress this way. The book explains the many different types of
Muslim dress and veils, ranging from covering everything except for the eyes to only cover the hair
and neck. The differences in dress made it clear that not all Muslim women dress the same way,
despite what media had taught

Sexism In I Am Malala
"We call upon our sisters around the world to be brave – to embrace the strength within themselves
and realize their full potential," – Malala Yousafzai. In "I am Malala" Malala describes her life
before being shot. She illustrates a life of happiness and the struggles of sexism. Although Malala
grew up with knowing that everyone around her thought the females were less than males she tell us
that everyone should be treated equally regardless of gender.
From the beginning of their life all Pashtuns and others of similar cultures were told that they were
unequal. From the day they are all born women are there to be slaves for man. "I was a girl in a land
where rifles are fired in celebration of a son, while daughters are hidden away behind ... Show more
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"We have accustom called swara by which a girl can be given to another tribe to resolve a feud."
(Page 67) The author provides the reader with this dialogue to illustrate that women were trading
items for peace. Swara is a child marriage, by putting this in her writing we see that these girls
weren't even in control of who they married. The only reason they married was because they were
forced to do so. Their life is destroyed to settle a dispute that her male relatives started, and she has
to pay for it. In 2011, for example, a 12–year–old girl was handed over as wife to an 85–year–old
man, under swara, for a crime alleged to have been committed by the girl's father. (The Tribune IHT
/ New York Times Group, Pakistan October 11,

Veiling Essay
Does someone's dressing affect the way people treat them or look at them? In two article the authors
explain their main argument, that muslim covering does not hold any threat against other people and
that they should not be banned for many reasons that they explain throughout the text. The first
article is "Veiled Intentions: Don't Judge a Muslim by her Covering " by Maysan Haydar, the author
explains that veiling is not oppressive, and that the practicing of covering a woman's hair and body's
is their choice and it is not oppressed by men in their culture it is also not something negative to
look upon of. While in the other article "Veiled Threats?" by Martha Nussbaum she goes against
claims to ban burqas because she argues that banning ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To appeal to her intended audience she used Ethos because she uses personal experience to explain
her evidence, this gives a personal insight in her life and the audience can see how her experience
has helpt her protecting her of sexual pressure. As for logos she used it for explanation of cause and
effect, since she wears the veil she doesn't go through much sexual pressure as other women. This
claim is somewhat weaker than the other one because it doesn't use a lot of detailed evidence of how
it protects a woman, it explains two points in two different scenarios but none of them really explain
any other type of protection, towards sexual pressure. The author could have used other evidence,
such as other detailed explanations of how her hijab protected her in other places that she has been
too.
The second claim Haydar makes is that many Muslim women in america are not forced to veil. The
evidence she uses to back up this claim is that her parents gave her the choice to wear the hijab or
not and in addition she uses the Koran to show that it's not forced upon in any way. The koran states
: "Let there be no compulsion in religion" (2:256) A second evidence she uses for this claim to
explain that wearing a hijab is a choice is that even though she moved away from parents to New
York, she continued to veil even though her parents weren't around and she also mentions that she
will let her

Imtiaz Dharkar: How Culture Influenced Her Writing
Pakistan is about 96% Muslim. Religion shapes the lives of Pakistanis and is a part of their culture.
Wherever a person lives, the environment becomes a part of their culture and life. A person's
thinking and understanding changes with time. The poetry of Imtiaz Dharkar, which was influenced
by cultural background, has contributed the literary canon.
A poet's background affects their thinking. Pakistan separated from India due to religious
differences. Pakistan is mainly Muslim while India is mainly Hindu. Imtiaz Dharkar was born on
January 31, 1954 in Lahore, Pakistan to a Muslim family ("Imtiaz Dharker." Contemporary Authors
Online). Their culture comes from their religion because Islam tells them how to live their life. It
sets guidelines for Muslims and their thinking. "She now lives between India, London and Wales"
(Imtiaz). This means that her thinking is being influenced by her surroundings because all these
countries are all different from each other.
Imtiaz Dharkar calls herself a Scottish Muslim Calvinist (British). She was a Muslim but married a
Hindu man, an action that is unacceptable in Islamic society ("Imtiaz Dharker." Contemporary
Authors Online). Although not much is known about her family to the media, we know that her
family and background plays a role in her poems. She moved to Europe for her work but then soon
moved to India where she lives with her husband ("Imtiaz Dharkar" Contemporary Authors Online).
Imtiaz Dharkar's poems are a reflection of her

Najmah Selfless Quotes
(MIP–2) Najmah becomes very silent and avoids to talk to everyone to stay alive,her experience in
the pear truck made her silence grow even stronger.(SIP–A) Before Najmah goes in the pear truck or
sees her mother die, Najmah was trying to keep her family safe because Baba–jan is gone.(STEWE–
1) This quote shows that Najmah is standing up to threats because her brother and father are gone so
no one else will take care of it even though ,it's dangerous to try keeping her family safe Najmah
still steps up " I creep to the purdah with it clutched"(57). This is an example of Najmah getting
more responsibility and trying to take care of her remaining family members without disturbing any
of them.
(STEWE–2) Najmah is selfless because she left

Malala Essay
Before the Taliban moved into the Swat Valley, Malala lived a regular life filled with constant
battles, joys, and games with her two brothers, Atal and Khushal Yousafzai. Malala's father,
Ziauddin Yousafzai, started the Khushal School three years before she was born and she felt a
connection to school at a young age. Malala lives her life governed by the Pashtunwali code, which
manages how Pashtuns live their life. However, she does not live her life by two Pashtunwali codes;
she does not follow the code of purdah (where women cover themselves in public) and badal (where
Pashtuns seek revenge). Malala does not follow purdah to her mother's, Tor Pekai Yousafzai,
discontent because she feels that if she covers her face it is hiding her identity. ... Show more content
Nevertheless, she does follow the Pashtunwali code of hospitality. Her father did not follow Pashtun
customs and allowed Malala to not follow some Pashtunwali codes and unlike most Pashtun men he
was proud to have her as a daughter. Most women in Pakistan are not allowed to attend school
because most men in Pakistan believe women only managed the household and that did not require
an education and many children do not attend school because they have to help their families
acquire money to not go hungry. Malala wanted to help these individuals obtain a better future and
acquire an education. However, an earthquake that would occur on 8 October 2005 would interrupt
these plans. This earthquake caused fear across Pakistan and the fear was being manipulated by the
TNSM who said it was an omen from God to punish Pakistan for not following Islamic law. After
the earthquake more individuals started enforcing Islamic law and stated the Khushal School was
haram (against Islamic law) and should not be

The, Under Western Eyes : Feminist Scholarship And...
In America, everyone seems to be equal. We have moved very fast away from our past which was
slavery, no gender equality and education. We are the most looked at country for everything, from
military equipment to our strong economy. We are also looked as a very liberal country that some
seek to be while others seek to destroy it. We are a first world country since we are very advanced in
technology and important things like government and education, while other countries are third
world countries because they do not have all the resources that we have in this country. In Chandra
T. Mohantys' article, "Under Western Eyes: Feminist Scholarship and Colonial Discourses," we see
how Third World Women are viewed by Western Women. She argues that women from third world
countries are no different from western women; the only difference is that western women have an
advantage with stronger economies. In "Can the Subaltern Speak?" by Gayatri C. Spivak, she argues
that a subaltern will always remain a subaltern since they will never speak for themselves in their
own tounge. Third World countries are not let to be alone because the Western world believes that
they are not able to succeed and reach Western progress. Mohanty talks about how women are
categorized. That women are " constituted as a homogeneous group identified prior to the process of
analysis (Mohanty, 337)." All women are the same since they share the same suffering and same
emotions, but that is false. She continues to

Pardah
INTRODUCTION The holy prophet (peace be upon him) had expressed his concern for the basic
rights and respectable place for women in society 1400 years ago. In this regard, however certain
restrictions particularly observance of purdha by women deemed extremely necessary, which was
ordered by almighty Allah. ¡§Say ¡§o¡¨ Muhammad, to believing men that they should observe
modesty of the eyes and hidden parts. This is purer for them but god knows what they do and say to
believe women that they should observe modesty of eyes and guard their hidden parts. Let them not
display their attraction (zeenat) except those naturally exposed. ... Show more content on
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PURDAH AND INJUNTION OF QURAN AND AHADITH The Quran commands the believe,
both men and women to lower their gaze and keep modesty. However, the women have been obliged
to fulfill certain additional responsibilities in the matter of dress, adornment etc. the relevant verses
are, ¡§Tell the believers to lower their gaze and to safe guard their private parts, that will make for
greater purity for them and tell the believing women to cast down their eyes and guard their private
parts, and not to reveal their adornment save such as is to appear¡¨(al Quran 24:30) Further the
Quran reads ¡§And let them (women) not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must
ordinarily) appear their of and let them draw their garment over their bosoms and not display their
beauty except in the presence of their husbands, fathers, husband¡¦s father or their own sons,
brother¡¦s sons or their sister¡¦s son¡K¡¨(al Quran,24:31) AHADITH OF THE PROPHET (P.B.U.H)
Ayesha (wife of prophet) reported that asma a daughter of abu–baker came to the messenger of
Allah while there were thin clothes on her. He approached her

Using Satire to Create Awareness of Gender Roles: Egalia's...
Egalia's Daughters and "Sultana's Dream" both portray examples of what it would be like to have
gender roles reversed in societies. They both criticize gender roles and show people how gender
discrimination leaves the submissive gender in suppressed conditions. Poking fun at gender role
reversal was one way these books helped in educating the readers. "Sultana's Dream" has a time of
setting of the early twentieth century. The author of Egalia's Daughters is Gerd Brantenberg, born on
October 27th, 1941 and is presently still alive. She was born in Oslo but grew up in Fredrikstad
which is the largest city in Norway. Some of her greatest accomplishments are establishing women's
shelters, working in lesbian movements, in 1978 she created a ... Show more content on
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Wim therefore had greater control over everything; over their own bodies, over the cultivation of the
soil, and over the world."6 Therefore, the wim were in charge from the very beginning. In "Sultana's
Dream" women's religion was "based on love and truth."7 The women say "we don't take pleasure in
killing a creature of god, especially a human being."7 They believe this works because unlike the
men who were violent and fought in the war, they used science to win without hurting anyone. As
far as biology goes, basically the women explained their power over the men because of the simple
fact that they were smarter and that women's brains are rather quicker than men's. They pretty much
said men are good for nothing. All of that together was their argument for why they were
biologically better. In the novel, Sister Sarah explains why women are smarter than the males. She
says "our good Queen liked science very much. She circulated an order that all the women in her
country should be educated. Accordingly a number of girls' schools were founded and supported by
the Government. Education was spread far and wide among women. And early marriage also
stopped." This is her explanation of why the women are so much smarter than men and now are the
dominant race. Religion in Egalia's Daughters is quite different. In this novel, God is a wim instead
of a manwim. Donna, who is wim and also God's daughter who is like Jesus for Egalia, and they

The Struggle For Women Emancipation And Empowerment Gandhi
Contemporary Period– At the time of the advent of the British rule in India, the status and position
of Indian woman were very stumpy. "Customs such as of polygamy, the purdah, the denial of a
woman's right over property, child marriages, and Sati etc., during this period resulted in the
development of a very weak personality of Indian woman." The British influence had a very deep
impression in the minds of Indian leaders. The reformist movements of the 19th century brought
social reformers such as Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar, Swami Dayanand
Saraswati, Swami Vivekananda, Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru, and many others, who were in
the forefront of the struggle for women emancipation and empowerment Gandhi's efforts led to the
elevation of the women's position, involving them in the struggle for freedom, social progress and
political independence. well–known among them were "Sarojini Naidu, Kasturba Gandhi, Kamala
Nehru, and Aruna Asaf Ali" who participated in the political arena. After initial hesitation, even
Muslims took to modern western education in large number and thanks goes to the efforts of Sir
Sayyid Ahmad Khan and others. The Muslim student population in modern high schools was
generally fair enough to their numerical strength. Time of Transformation of the Status of Women––
The early 20th century observed as a nascent women's movement which campaigned for furthering
"female education, raising the age of marriage for woman and the abolition

The Role And Status Of Women In Ancient India
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. Hypothesis and aim
2. Introduction
3. Status of women in ancient India
4. Status of women during British rule
5. Status of women in independent India
6. Education and economic development
7. Laws that have empowered women
8. Women's safety and rights
INTRODUCTION
Traditionally, an Indian woman had only four roles and those were; Her role as a daughter, wife,
sister, and lastly, a mother. The women in today's time however are experiencing far reaching
changes and are entering into new fields that were unknown to them. They are actively participating
in social, economic and political activities. Unlike the older times, women today have received
higher education. Rig Vedic women in India enjoyed high status in society and their condition was
good. They were provided opportunities to attain ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Women today participate fully in activities such as education, sports, politics, media, art and culture,
service sectors, science and technology, etc.
This timeline shows some of the cases that helped women achieve a better position in society and
break the stereotypes of just sitting at home and working.
In the 1970's feminist activism gained momentum in India. One of the first national issues that
brought women's groups together was the Mathura rape case. Since alcoholism is often associated
with violence against women in India a lot of women groups launched anti–liquor groups in Andhra
Pradesh, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Odisha, and Madhya Pradesh.
In the 1990's foreign donor agencies enabled the formation of new women–oriented NGO's. Self
help groups such as Self Employed Women's Empowerment (SEWA) have played a major role in
the advancement of women's rights in India. Many women such as Medha Patkar of the Narmada
Bachao Andolan have emerged as the leaders of local

A Look Behind The Veil Analysis
In the article A Look behind the Veil written by Elizabeth W. and Robert A. Fernea, both authors
take a deeper look into the significance and the interpretations of the veil. They begin by explaining
that every culture has objects that are seen by others as strange and interesting. The authors mention
that each culture has objects that are valued in society and become significant. In which the case for
Middle Eastern societies that object is the veil. The authors explain how the veil for westerners is
seen as a sign of "slavery" rather than what those whom wear a veil see it as. The main reasoning for
those who practice the concept of veiling is because of the Islamic religion. Different places practice
veiling but simply have different names ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though there are different names for the veil, the symbolism the veil holds is deep. The middle
easterners do not think that the veil is that big of a deal, but find the importance in the representation
of it. They authors include other people for extra input such as an Egyptian anthropologist, who says
the veil secludes women and gives the men power, wealth, and manliness. Though most men from
the Middle East will never agree that veiling a woman is for their benefit they would say it is simply
to honor the woman. The veil is seen as a sign of respect in the sense that if she is wearing a veil,
she is off limits and should not be messed with, because there will be consequences. The veil not
only signifies honor, but also represents the social class of a whole family, though in a specific
society of Africa no women was veiled because the everyone was considered a part of the same
family. But it is said that those who are not veiled it is because they are from a lower social class.
Another reason that the veil is significant in these societies is to protect the women. To protect
women from wondering eyes, and she cannot be blamed for tempting the males. The veil also
provides the female to be judged by her personality rather than

The Transnational Migration And Chicago Is Like Many Others
The story of my transnational migration to Chicago is like many others. I was born and spent a large
part of my childhood in the coastal city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia with my family. Living there I spent
a lot of time with my parents and other little girls in my neighborhood, we played together while our
moms ate date pastries and our dads talked separately with espresso in another room. The boys
always played outside, but sometimes we played tag together. It wasn't until I came to America that I
realized how different life in Saudi Arabia was. I realized that my own family had changed our daily
behaviors and learned to become accustomed to the institutions of America. I realized the different
way that religion, gender roles, and social expectations interacted within society to create cultural
dynamics was vastly different in America, specifically in terms of gender roles and gendered
behaviors. And as I grew older, I began to see how differently I would've grown had we chosen to
stay there. Everything about me would be different in Saudi Arabia, and I see glimpses of that other
self when I visit from time to time. Social life is organized immensely differently than in America,
and because Saudi Arabia is an Islamic state, Islamic law is embedded into the culture and gender
norms are emphasized in all aspects of everyday life. In Saudi Arabia, I must wear a full length
Abaya that covers all parts of me but my eyes. I would not be allowed to drive. I would have to be

The Islamic Diffusion Of India
INTRODUCTION PARAGRAPH
In the 600s, Arab traders were in contact with India. They would regularly go to the west coast of
India to trade different goods, like African goods, spices, and gold. As the Arabs began to convert to
Islam, the religion carried to the coast of India. The first mosque in India was built in 629, it is
called the Cheraman Juma Masjid. The mosque was made in the Indian state Kerala. Islam
continued to spread into Indian cities, by immigration and conversion, as the Arab Muslims and the
Indians continued trading.
DIFFUSION
Islamic diffusion in India happened through both Relocation and Expansion.
India was first introduced to Islam in the 600's when Arab traders regularly sailed to
the west coast of India to trade goods like spices and gold. At this time the Arabs had begun to
convert to Islam. When they came to the shores of India, they brought their new Islam religion with
them. The first mosque in India was built in 629. Islam continued to spread in coastal Indian towns
and cities through this immigration and relocation. However, most Indians stayed with their own
religion and there was not a massive immigration of Muslims from other areas.
Islam also has diffused through Expansion. The greatest Expansion of Islam in India first occurred
in 711. Seventeen year old Muhammad bin Qasim was appointed to lead his army of 6,000 soldiers
to the far eastern side of Persia, Makran. As he made his way into India there was little

Characteristics Of Culture Of Pakistan
Culture is a necessity for any Soldier or Department of the Army (DA) Civilian to be aware of while
operating in a foreign environment. Soldiers or DA Civilians must possess an understanding of the
parameters of a culture as defined in FM 3–24, Insurgencies and Countering Insurgencies.
Furthermore, FM 3–24 provides us with five characteristics that make up the culture of a region: the
physical environment, economy, social structure, political structure, and belief system of the people.
Today's Army faces many demanding operating environments, each packed with its own challenge
of understanding the unique people and culture present in the area. Pakistan is one of these theatres
of operation, strategically located within the continent of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
The World Factbook divides the geography of Pakistan into three areas: the northern highlands, the
Indus River plain in the center and east, and the Balochisten Plateau in the south and west.
Pakistan's climate is generally consistent with hot and arid desert conditions, the northwest
experiences temperate conditions, while arctic extremes are common in the Himalayan Mountains
found in the northern highlands. The country of Pakistan has multiple natural resources available
within its borders; arable land is abundant, large natural gas reserves are present, while limited
quantities of petroleum, coal, iron ore, copper, salt and limestone as also present (The World
Factbook, 2017). Pakistan's economy has undergone multiple changes since the country earned its
independence from India in 1947. Initially, Pakistan based its economy on private enterprises, but
during the 1970s, nationalization of many industries took place, including banking, manufacturing
and transportation. The decade that followed, saw the implication of Sharia Law, and with it the rise
of an Islamic economy. During the 1990s, Pakistan once again saw many industries become
privatized and developed the mixed economy that we see in place today (Burki & Ziring, 2016). The
World Factbook places

What Is The Purdah Of The Poem
Introduction:
They have all been sold and bought
The girls I knew
Unwilling virgins who had been taught,
Especially in this stranger's land, to bind
Their brightness tightly round,
Whatever they might wear,
In the purdah of the mind. ("Purdah–ii" Postcards from God, 18)
The last line of the above verse triggers the thinking process. The first question among the series of
questions that pops up in the mind is related to 'purdah of the mind'. What is it? The question is
instantly followed by a trail of questions related to purdah. What is the poet, Imtiaz Dharker trying
to convey through the term 'Purdah of the mind'? Are there forms of purdah other than physical in
real life? If yes, then what are the forms? Why is the poet relating the term 'purdah of the mind' with
a particular gender? ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The word purdah has its origin in the Persian word Pardah meaning "veil" or "curtain". The syllable
'par' has come from the Persian pari which means "around,over"and 'da' means "to,place." Purdah
practice refers to religious and social norms for female seclusion prevalent among some
communities. According to Oxford English Dictionary purdah is screening of women from strangers
by a veil or a curtain in some Hindu and Muslim societies. Its practice as commonly understood
involves the seclusion of women from public observation by means of concealing clothing
(including the veil) and by the use of high–walled enclosures, screens, and curtains within the home.
Confinement to a limited place e.g.'Haram', 'Antahpura' are also different forms of physical purdah.
This confinement can be limited to a room, house or an

Women 's Role And Status Of Women
Women in Pakistan
Women in Pakistan are more likely to face system subordination, where patriarchal values are
embedded in local traditions and culture. Due to the interconnection of gender with other forms of
exclusion in the society, the role and status of women cannot be considered homogenous. There is a
great deal of diversity in the status of women across regions, classes, the rural/urban divide caused
by the lack of socio–economic development and the impact of feudal, tribal, and capitalist social
formations in women's lives.
Pakistan is a society which is predominantly patriarchal. Men and women have been forced to live
into two separate worlds. For a woman, the home is supposed to be the legitimate ideological and
physical space for her. Men on the other hand are expected to dominate outside the house. This false
ideological demarcation between public and private, inside and outside world has been maintained
with the notion of honor and the use of 'purdah' in Pakistan. The honor of the family is usually
linked with the women's sexual behavior, meaning that their sexuality is considered a potential
threat. Therefore, for reason such as these, women' mobility is strictly restricted and controlled
through the use of 'purdah', gender segregation, and the use of violence against them.
In the social context, women in Pakistan lack social status and value because of negation of their
roles as providers and producers in the society. In a country like Pakistan, there is

Research Paper On Malala Yousafzai
"They will not stop me. I will get my education if it is in a home, school, or any other place" these
are the words of Malala Yousafzai, a Nobel peace prize winner, a human rights activist, and a
Pakistani girl, who has traditions, stories, and a unique experience. She was named after Malalai of
Maiwand, the greatest heroine of Afghanistan, and she lives up to her name as a heroine for girls
education. Despite the cultural traditions of Malala Yousafzai's community, she has grown as a
world leader in spreading world peace throughout the globe, through her challenges, her
accomplishments, and her growth in publicity, with her common goal being an education for all
girls. In the Middle East, each country has traditions that are unique, and Pakistan, the home country
of Malala Yousafzai, is no exception, especially with the patterns and rules of culture. The role of
many muslim women in Pakistan is to care of children, wash dishes, and clean the home. Often,
many women practice Purdah which is, "The literal meaning [...] is a curtain, but the term is used to
designate the practice of secluding women from contact with men ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Malala began writing at the age of eleven for BBC under the pseudonym "Gul Makai." She wrote
about her feelings, dreams, fears, and life under the Taliban and it was published in a journal. Later,
she became even more well known for her speeches, such as her address to the United Nations on
her sixteenth birthday, just nine months after she was shot by the Taliban. She is an accomplished
writer, already writing three books, I am Malala, I am Malala Abridged, and Malala's Magic Pencil.
She also has a movie documentary about herself called "He named me Malala." However this is not
where she stops, she continues to fight for education for children and

The Impact Of Changes And New Opportunities For Women...
The impact of changes and new opportunities for women beginning in the 18th century have been
depicted in Manju's first novel "Difficult Daughters" and the "Home and the world" by Tagore. One
of the main themes of both the novels is the freedom of women juxtaposed with the freedom of the
nation of India from colonial rule. The two novels illustrate several different ways in which women
were impacted by the transitions imposed for women in the beginning of 19th century. First of all,
Virmati the protagonist of "Difficult Daughters" plays a vital role as remaining in the constant
conflict with tradition and modernity. Virmati is the difficult daughter in the prosperous merchant
family of Lala Diwan Chand. The theme of the novel's title Difficult Daughters itself subtly implies
to the patriarchal convention that a woman, who undertakes a quest for self– identity, is labeled as a
difficult daughter by the family and the society as well. In the generation of Virmani 's mother
Kasturi, women 's role was confined to childbearing and kitchen work. Whereas the generation of
Virmati breaks away from these ideal women's roles by urging to acquire education. Virmati's
mother Kasturi was brought up by the conventional principles of patriarchal society where marriage
was the ultimate destiny of a girl's life and marriage implied that a girl had to work tirelessly to
please her in–laws. "When I was your age, girls only left their house when they married. And

Veiling Muslim Women
I. Introduction
Around the world the hijab, niqab, burqa, and other veils Muslim women wear are being criticized
and made into news stories and or debates about whether Muslim women should be allowed to veil.
Muslim Women are taking a stand against Western critiques of veiling by breaking down the
critiques positioned by the West and Western feminists; in addition Muslim women are expressing
autonomy and their self–determination for their right to choose to veil which leads to critiquing
power of the state. (Ferrero)This essay will first outline the critiques of veiling and their historical
context, then move to discuss how specific Muslim women see their lives and express their self–
determination and finally the essay will conclude will an overall view of how Muslim women are
critiquing the power of the state in order to control decisions regarding their ... Show more content
However, there is missing logic from this argument as Janmohamed points out her own writing that
"women who cover their face are happy to lift their veils for identification such as in airports to
ensure security." (Janmohamed). This a critique that gained in significant popularity after the attacks
on September 11th 2001 which contributes to the reasons this critique has no merit since it has deep
roots in the Islamophobia and fear mongering propaganda that followed the September 11th attacks.
In fact Haleh Afshar specififies because of the Islamophobia following the attacks "Muslim women
have found themselves at the centre of contestations about their identities, their nationalities and
their faith." (Afshar 411) Which brings the more pressing issue than simply veiling because there
has to be a distinction from the over a billion people who practise Islam peacefully and the
extremists that use their religion to justify their

Imtiaz Dharker Poem
Imtiaz Dharker, is a Scottish Muslim Calvinist. She was born in Pakistan, brought up in Glasgow,
Scotland and moved to India after her marriage with her Indian husband, Anil Dharker. After the
death of Anil Dharker she married Simon Powell, the founder of "Poetry Live" and presently resides
at London. Her diversified cultural experience is well expressed in her poetry and drawings. She
speaks about her experience at home, freedom, traveling, communal conflicts and gender politics.
Imtiaz Dharker is totally upset by the orthodox principles followed with the blind faith without
caring about the individual's thirst for freedom, knowledge hunt and quest for achievement. She
shows her revolt by marrying a non–Muslim. She does not want to free herself alone but her
community women too which is well understood through her writings. Her poems are vehicles to
carry her longing to the society that wears the veil in its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The child in the poem has no other option than accepting the blame. She is gradually canvassed that
she is committing a sin by attracting the eyes of men. The world comfortably forgets the fact that all
creatures are created to bring forth next generation including human beings. They declare the
attraction caused by feminine quality as a sin and not polygamy by men. Surya Nath Pandey in his
article A Room of One's Own: the poetry of Mamta Kalia and Imtiaz Dharker says, "The body–
culture and its degrading fleshy enterprise, inflicts a guilty conscious" (48). As she is taught to act
and live as per the rules laid on her, she gradually loses her identity. She feels that purdah is another
skin coating and it is not a garment. The feel of purdah is ever on the skin and the poetess calls it as
a wall. No one in the world has the boldness to converse with them and they develop hallucinations.
The poetess brings out the pathos in an exceptional way through the following

Strangers On The Roof By Rajendra Roof
Strangers on the roof is written by Rajendra Prasad and is the English translation of his famous
write–up Sara Akash. Sara Akash was Rajendra Yadav's first novel set in his home town Agra, which
brings forward the real face of society and contradicts the norms and notion put up in the name of
Hinduism.
Yadav combines the observed details of urban lower–middle–class life with the troubled
consciousness of a member of that class. Rajendra yadav is a public intellectual and a champion of
the underdog and he beautifully describes life's intrinsic difficulties with practicality. He writes in
his novel the various contradictions one has with his inner self often referring to as soul or mere
conscience.
The story revolves around an aptly named ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
She is compared to a machine who could work twenty four hours. But Rajendra Yadav through his
novel, sara akash or strangers on the roof , shows Prabha's strength balanced by flexibility, shows up
Samar's hot headed egocentricity when she agrees to wear bangles so as not to offend her mother–
in–law and he smashes them, injuring both her and himself. Munni, his sister, too through a cameo,
and Bhabhi, the insecure and malicious sister–in–law, illuminate in different ways women's
intractable predicament. The voice of Prabha is heard clearly not in her conversations with Samar,
which seem always hedged about her anxiety not to offend him, but in her letter to her college
friend, Rama. The letter shows us a playful Prabha of the past, an only daughter who habitually got
up late, so different from the Prabha of the

Behind Mud Walls Paper
Modern India
Behind Mud Walls Paper
In order to understand India, one needs to understand its villages. Behind Mud Walls does a great
job in providing a detailed background of an ordinary village life in India. Since seventy percent of
Indians live in villages, it is important to learn about village lifestyle and the changes that take place
in it. Only then one can learn about the cities because one needs to understand the relationship
between the two in India. Behind Mud Walls provides the opportunity to examine a north Indian
village from a non–Indian point of view; in other words, a non–biased point of view. Since the book
is broken up into parts by years, it gives the reader a great way to examine the changes that take
place in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An interesting relationship noticed by the Wisers was that of newly wed girls and their mother–in–
laws. Mother–in–laws would keep an eye on their daughter–in–laws or "bahus." These bahus would
have to please their mother–in–laws and take care of the household and everyone living in the
family or in this case joint–family where brothers and their families live together with their parents
under one roof. Therefore, one can see that Karimpur described by the Wisers in 1930 was quite
backward and orthodox. The next half of the paper will be focused on the changes that took place
over the decades in Karimpur. What were the changes in the second half of the century when Wisers
and Susan Wadley visited Karimpur? Firstly, the role of women had changed a little bit. Secondly,
education had increased and more and more villagers had B.A. degrees and moved to cities to find
work. Thirdly, technological changes had brought enormous agricultural growth in the farms. The
rigid caste system had slowed down a little bit and the mutual relationship of Jajmani system had
declined as well. Finally, the younger generation was more in touch with the world through cities
and education, the lower castes had more access to land ownership and most of the mud houses were
transformed into brick houses or "pakka" houses. The roles of women had started to change in the
60s and later as observed

Purdah Poem By Imtiaz Dharker
The poem "Purdah" by Imtiaz Dharker, shows how women who practice purdah feel helplessly
trapped when deciding whether to follow purdah, society's demands, or their own heart. Purdah is a
practice for women where they live hidden away from men and other strangers. It is supposedly a
means of safety. In the poem, a girl suddenly experiences a turning point in her life when she gets
more aware of what society expects of her and how practicing purdah limits her. In today's society,
purdah challenges a woman's dignity and is degrading.
Women who follow the strict practices of purdah feel restricted. In the first stanza, it shows how the
amount of time that she has been hidden away from the outside world affects her. She comes out of
hiding because ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most women who practice purdah have been born into a family that has kept the tradition
throughout the generations. They can not disappoint their families. In the fifth stanza, it shows how
great it feels for these women to rebel a little. When they come out of hiding, "a light filters inward
through their bodies' walls" (21–22). This metaphor describes how when they show themselves to
the outside world, it is as if a light washes over them and they say goodbye to the darkness they are
always in. This metaphor gives such a vivid image of how good it feels for them to release
themselves. Another place where the word "inward" is used is the last few sentences, "passing
constantly out of her own hands, into the corner of someone else's eyes... while the doors keep
opening inward and again inward" (33–37). When "inward" is used here, it is a negative tone,
because it contradicts itself. Doors are supposed to open outward, to let someone out, free them.
Instead in the metaphor, the doors only open inward, meaning the individual is trapped inside. The
repetition of the word "inward" is interesting because it is used multiple times and are used in two
different tones. The poet also chooses to use another metaphor that applies to our hearing sense,
"voices speak inside us, echoing in the places we have just left" (23–24). This metaphor is so
descriptive, the reader can almost "hear" the voices echoing. The "voices" are memories of the
women, and are linked to certain places they have been. It basically says how intense the memory is
and how one look at the world around them affects them strongly. Women practicing purdah want to
follow their heart, but also are pressured by wanting to keep traditions alive, and society's

Analysis Of Marjane Satrapi 's ' Persepolis ' Essay
In her autobiographical comic Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi, within the first five pages of the book,
tells the reader that she was born with religion. She immediately explains (in regards to the Islamic
practice of veiling) that "I really didn't know what to think about the veil. Deep down I was very
religious but as a family we were very modern and avant–garde" (Persepolis, 2003, pg. 6). For
western feminists, this ambivalence towards the veil has been a common topic of discourse. In
secularized western countries, the veil is often viewed as a symbol of patriarchal oppression. In
France (where Satrapi currently lives), for example, there have been numerous laws banning
different forms of the veil (such as the burka and the niqab) with many critics, such as former
French president Nicolas Sarkozy, arguing that they are "oppressive" and "not welcome" in France
("The Islamic veil across Europe," 2014, pg. 1). This is the western view of the veil, but what do
Muslim women think of the veil and the fundamentalist values that westerners often associate with
it? For Satrapi, the Islamic faith was a source of comfort for her when she was a child. In fact, she
was so enraptured by her faith that she told her school teacher she wanted to be a prophet when she
grew up (Persepolis, 2003, pg. 8). However, this sentiment quickly changes when her uncle Anoosh
is executed as a result of the Iranian revolution. She confronts God and shouts "Shut up you! Get out
of my life! I never want to

Framing Muslim Women
These are just a few of the conditions imposed on Muslim women. What is potentially even more
harmful is Islam's obsession with (female) sexual morality."(Pg no 62)
Peter Morey and Amina yaqin in their book Framing Muslims also have pointed out the ways by
which Muslims are being sterotyped.
Ahmed,Sidrah(2014) in his research paper tries to investigate the representation of muslim women's
rights and integration by swestern media.Spencer,R and Chesler,P in their book remarked that in
Islam the custom of Female genital mutilation,wife beating,child and arranged marriage
,polygamy,purdah,easy divorce for men,female sexual and domestic slavery,veiling,routine rape and
gang rape and honor killing are more common then all other religions of the ... Show more content
Its there since the crusades but after 9/11 this stereotyping has increased. These stereotypes and
misconceptions about Islam are due to the media, prejudice, and ignorance. Islam is considered as
an "extremist" or "terrorist" religion.The reports against Islam are due to ignorance and lack of
knowledge.In contrast to what the media portrays, Islam is a peaceful religion, which does not
promote violence or terrorism.
Ridouani,D(2011) in a research publication outlined the ways in which Muslims and Arabs are
conceptualized by the western media with a drastic effect on its people.As she points out"
The main concern will focus on the analysis of the distorted images, fabricated views,
overgeneralization which typically characterize the Western representation of Muslims with
reference to some particular incidents chiefly the Gulf War, the bombing of Oklahoma and the
bombardment of Twin Towers.
She carried out research on different movies,articles,books and cartoons and then concluded that
Hoodfar,H in her research article also tries to investigate that in West Muslim women are always
sterotyped and marginalized with veiling,although its not a reliougious practice.She concludes it as a
cultural practise which was coomon in many parts of the world since centuries like Byzantia and
Greeck.She called it a colonial

The Role Of Women In Persepolis
In the distance, chaos builds and guns are shot. By standing up for their rights, people are dying in
riots. These riots were about women. All around the world, women are treated differently. The
graphic novel, Persepolis, enlightens readers about the Islamic Revolution and how women were
treated during that time. Because the author was young when she experienced the Islamic
Revolution, the novel is in the perspective of her as a little girl. In the book No God But God,
readers are educated about Muhammad's views of women and the religion of Islam. The Islam
depicted in Persepolis differs from Muhammad's original vision of Islam by treating women as
inferior to men while Muhammad's vision treats women as equals. In the novel Persepolis, men
objectify women, because they were said to be distracting. To remedy the biased thoughts of the
men, women were commanded to wear headscarves and extensive clothing that covered all skin
with the exception of their face. The Islamic Regime enforced this by making it a law to alway wear
the hijab: "Women's hair emanates rays that excite men. That is why women should cover their
hair!" (Satrapi 74). Because women could no longer wear what they wanted, they felt oppressed and
degraded. The regime cruelly enforced the rule by telling their citizens that it would protect women
from all potential rapists since women were so exposed. In the novel, Marji's mom's car broke down,
so Marji and her dad went to pick her up. When they saw her, she

The Ideas, Meanings, And Power Dynamics
The ideas, meanings, and power dynamics in the three books we read are very different, however
some similarities are present. As far as veiling, the meanings within each book are primarily
complimentary. When looking at the views on how certain affairs, such as veiling, should be
enforced and interacted with, we see more skewed ideas. In general, all three show hegemonic
qualities, yet Young and Defiant in Tehran reveals more dominating than hegemonic qualities.
Veiling is an extremely debated and controversial topic all over the world. From what has been
revealed, it can be presumed that a substantial difference of veiling across the board, is enforcement.
From Veiled Sentiments to Young and Defiant in Tehran, the differences in ideas regarding veiling
are noticeably contrasting. The three anthropology texts involved, include further inside information
and feelings regarding veiling. In Veiled Sentiments by Lila Abu–Lughod, veiling is a choice and is
not forced on women. Due to the faith and freedom of choice, most women willingly and happily
veil properly. Although sexuality is not a popular norm among the Bedouin, it is not the sole reason
for veiling. Granted, women will be criticized and mocked for not veiling or taking part in sexual
affiliations. Such mockery is described in a story where grandmothers react to the granddaughters
Western–style negligees. Once the grandmothers had found out about them, they put them on,
initially embarrassing the girls,

Education : The Value Of Education In Pakistan
American philosopher John Dewey once said, "Education is not preparation for life: education is life
itself." His statement, though decades old, perfectly embodies the value of education in modern
society. In the modern world, virtually everything is dependant on having a college degree. Even so,
many women and girls around the world are unable to receive proper education, let alone job
opportunities. In certain regions, Pakistan especially, the flaws in the education system stem from a
gender biased culture. The prejudice mentality that the Pakistani people have limits the culture as a
whole, but more specifically the poor, and often manipulated, women. Your aid in that territory to
improve the welfare of the people combating the institutionalized sexism that women face would be
greatly appreciated by people who are actively seeking to solve the problem but do not have the
funds to do so.
In Pakistan, it is very common knowledge that males are the more favored gender. Malala herself
stated, "I was a girl in a land where rifles are fired in celebration of a son, while daughters are
hidden away behind a curtain, their role in life simply to prepare food and give birth to children."
The philosophy of the people restricts women into having almost now will of their own or influence
in society. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, women in Pakistan are treated secondary to men
and only exist to live a life of servitude dedicated to their family. The only acceptable profession

Why Women Should Not Wear
Women have been held responsible for men sexualizing and objectifying their bodies for centuries,
and unfortunately this 'blame' and 'guilt' still lies upon the female even in the twenty–first century. In
public schools, young girls are often the ones reprimanded for "being a distraction" in the classroom.
This seemingly difficult and controversial problem is actually quite simple to dissect; however it is a
part of a larger issue. Put simply, one's clothing should not be determined by another's opinion. It is
the viewer's responsibility to control however someone's choice of clothing makes them feel or
react. Teaching the posterity that women must conform to men's standards and that men's opinions
of what females can or cannot wear is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Fortunately, their were no bullets in the gun, but the two women found themselves hit with painful
pellets filled with green paint. These attacks afflicted dozens of other innocent women in Chechnya.
The Telegraph published an article by Dean Nelson in 2001 about men in Kashmir who "threw acid
in the faces of two women for not covering up in public." They warned Muslim women to wear
burqas to veer them away from wearing "immodest clothing" including jeans and t–shirts. This acid
threat came back in 2012 in India and neighboring Muslim countries to again enforce what the men
call 'conservative values' saying "we appeal to the public that they ensure that their women observe
purdah [cover their heads and faces] in public places. If we spot any woman without purdah we will
sprinkle acid on her face. If we spot any girl using mobile phone, she will be shot dead." This is an
international issue, dangerously affecting girls and women everywhere. Some would counter that
dress restrictions are necessary in protecting women against "lustful eyes." Neeraj Kaushal, an
associate professor at Columbia University, wrote an article for the Economic Times about Banwari
Lal Singhal, a man from Rajasthan who asked the state's chief secretary to "impose a ban on skirts in
school uniform and instead replace skirts with trousers." Mr. Singhal elucidated that he only means
to prevent further exploitation of women's bodies. He sees it

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