This document discusses language education and research in English. It defines language education as teaching and learning foreign or second languages using various methods, including online courses, audio recordings, internet/software, and websites. It notes the increasing need for language education in globalization. Research in English involves critical reading, inquiry, thought and debate to extend knowledge through conferences, seminars and other activities. Applied research aims to solve practical problems using empirical methodologies, while fundamental research acquires new knowledge without a direct practical application.

1. Submitted to Submitted by:
Anamika B. S LUBAINA M
Lecturer ENGLISH OPTIONAL
English Optional F. M. T. College, Mylapur

2. INTRODUCTION
Language education is the teaching and learning of a foreign or second language.
It is a branch of applied linguistics. It may take place as a general school subject or
in a specialized language school. However it may take place, it is necessary that
apt and efficient methods are employed by the instructor keeping in mind the
standard and requirement of the students. An educator may make use of existing
methods of conventional teaching or devise new ones as per the need of the time. It
includes critical reading, inquiry, thought, and debate. Through conferences,
working groups, seminars, speaker series, literary readings and other modes,
students are challenged to study and learn, to extend the boundaries of our
knowledge, to hone our comprehension and expressive skills, and to strengthen our
imaginations.
Language education and second language pedagogy
Need for language education
Increasing globalization has created a large need for people in the workforce who
can communicate in multiple languages. The uses of common languages are in
areas such as trade, tourism, international relations, technology, media, and
science. Many countries such as Korea (Kim Yeong-seo, 2009), Japan (Kubota,
1998) and China (Kirkpatrick & Zhichang, 2002) frame education policies to teach
at least one foreign language at the primary and secondary school levels. However,
some countries such as India, Singapore, Malaysia, Pakistan, and
the Philippines use a second official language in their governments. According to
GAO (2010), China has recently been putting enormous importance on foreign
language learning, especially the English Language.
Teaching foreign language in classrooms

3. Language education may take place as a general school subject or in a
specialized language school. There are many methods of teaching languages.
Some have fallen into relative obscurity and others are widely used; still others
have a small following, but offer useful insights. While sometimes confused, the
terms "approach", "method" and "technique" are hierarchical concepts.
Different ways:
Online and self-study courses
Hundreds of languages are available for self-study from scores of publishers for a
range of costs, using a variety of methods.
Audio recordings and books
Audio recordings use native speakers, thus helping learners improve their accent.
Internet and software
An interaction with learners in ways that book and audio cannot.
Website
It provides various services geared toward language education. Some sites are
designed specifically for learning languages.
Research in English
Introduction:
Research is the process of solving problems and finding facts in an organized way.
Research is done by using what is known (if anything), and building on it.
Additional knowledge can be got by proving (or falsifying) existing theories, and
by trying to better explain observations. Research should be systematic, organized
and objective.
Research in the English Department involves the study of literary subjects, of
language and the various expressions of a culture. Our methodology includes
critical reading, inquiry, thought, and debate. Through conferences, working
groups, seminars, speaker series, literary readings and other modes, we challenge
ourselves to study and learn, to extend the boundaries of our knowledge, to hone
our comprehension and expressive skills, and to strengthen our imaginations. The
results of our research are books, journals, films, essays, poems, stories, and
lectures.
It is relatively a new dimension in the field of research. Traditionally, it was
believed that educational research is the province of the well trained research

4. experts only. But now the approach of action research emphasizes encouragement
to the practitioner, school teachers, administrators and others to do research in
order to improve their own work and functioning of schools. Various thinkers have
tried to define the term action research.
According to Good, "Action research is research used by teachers, supervisors and
administrators to improve the quality of their decision and actions."
APPLIED RESEARCH
Applied research refers to scientific study and research that seeks to solve practical
problems. Applied research is used to find solutions to everyday problems, cure
illness, and develop innovative technologies. Psychologists working in human
factors or industrial fields often do this type of research.
Applied Research, a form of systematic inquiry involving practical application
of science; accesses and uses some part of research communities' accumulated
theories, knowledge, methods, techniques, for a specific purpose; deals with
solving practical problems and generally employs empirical methodologies;
focused on a particular problem or application; targeted research that applies
results to a specific problem; data used in real world and often asks questions
raised by policy makers.
Applied research deals with solving practical problems [2] and generally
employs empirical methodologies. Because applied research resides in the messy
real world, strict research protocols may need to be relaxed. For example, it may
be impossible to use a random sample. Thus, transparency in the methodology is
crucial. Implications for interpretation of results brought about by relaxing an
otherwise strict canon of methodology should also be considered. Since Applied
Research has a provisional close to the problem and close to the data orientation
it may also use a more provisional conceptual framework such as working
hypothesis or pillar questions.
Due to its practical focus, applied research information will be found in the
literature associated with individual disciplines. The military is an organization
that performs a lot of applied research. For example, they may want to know
about the efficacy of soldier training, how well recruitment practices work, how
best to deal with host nationals in times of war, how to use the internet to reduce
home grown terrorists, and the effectiveness of operational styles.
FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH
"Fundamental research means experimental or theoretical work under taken
primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena
and observable facts, without any direct practical application or use in view."

5. Reference:
Swain, M& Johnson, R.K (1997). Immersion education: A category within
bilingual education.
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