"To all the girls who are watching this, never doubt that you are valuable and powerful, and deserving of every chance and opportunity in the world to pursue and achieve your own dreams."

1. PRESENTED BY:
Mr.LOKESH D.
2nd SEM MPH
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE
MODERATOR:
Dr . AMOGHASREE
SENIOR RESIDENT
DEPT. OF COMMUNITY MEDICINE
JSS MEDICAL COLLEGE

2. Overview
• Introduction
• Components of women empowerment
• Principles of women empowerment
• Dimensions of women empowerment
• Indicators for women empowerment
• Measurement of women empowerment
• Need for women empowerment
• Six ‘S’ for women empowerment
• Projects for women empowerment
• Acts for women empowerment
• Ways to achieve women empowerment
• Advantages
• Challenges
• Conclusion
• References
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3. Introduction
• As a general definition, Empowerment is a multidimensional process that helps people gain control
over their own lives.
• Women Empowerment is the process and the outcome of the process by which women challenge
gender based discrimination in every institution and structures of the society.
.
• Women Empowerment itself elaborates that
Social Rights,
Political Rights,
Economic stability,
Judicial strength and all other rights should be also equal to women.
It means granting women the freedom to make life choices
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4. COMPONENTS OF WOMEN
EMPOWERMENT
 Acquiring knowledge and an understanding of gender/power relations and ways in
which these relations may be changed.
 Developing a sense of self-worth, a belief in one’s ability to secure desired changes and the right to
control one’s life.
 Gaining the ability to generate choices and thereby acquiring leverage and bargaining power and
 Developing the ability to generate, organize or influence the direction of social change to create
more just social and economic orders nationally and internationally.
4 key components of women’s empowerment are:
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5. Principles of women empowerment
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6. Dimensions of women empowerment
1. Cognitive dimension refers to women having an
understanding of the conditions and causes of their
subordination at the micro and macro levels. It
involves making choices that may go against cultural
expectations and norms;
2. Psychological dimension includes the belief that
women can act at personal and societal levels to
improve their individual realities and the society in
which they live;
3. Economic component requires that women have
access to, and control over, productive resources, thus
ensuring some degree of financial autonomy.
4. Political element entails that women have the
capability to analyze, organize and mobilize for social
change; and
5. Physical element of gaining control over one’s body
and sexuality and the ability to protect oneself against
sexual violence to the empowerment process.
Psychological
Economic
PhysicalPolitical
Cognitive
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7. Indicators of Women Empowerment
Quantitative Indicators:
demographic trends
maternal mortality rate
fertility rate
sex ratio
life expectancy at birth
average age of marriage
Number of women participating in different development programmes:
• Greater access and control over community resources/ government schemes—creche, credit
Cooperative, non-formal education;
• Visible change in physical health status and nutritional level;
• Change in literacy and enrollment levels; and
• Participation levels of women in political process.
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8. Qualitative Indicators:
a. Increase in self-esteem, individual and collective confidence;
b. Increase in articulation, knowledge and awareness on health, nutrition reproductive
rights, law and literacy;
a. Increase in personal leisure time and time for child care
b. Increase on decrease of workloads in new programmes
c. Change in roles and responsibility in family and community
d. Visible increase on decrease in violence on women and girls
e. Responses to, changes in social customs like child marriage, dowry, discrimination against
widows;
f. Visible changes in women’s participation level attending meetings, participating and
demanding participation
a. Increase in bargaining and negotiating power at home, in community and the collective
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9. Women Empowerment in India
• Democratic polity, our laws, development policies, Plans and Programmes have
aimed at women’s advancement in different spheres.
• Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78 shift in the approach to women’s issues from welfare to
development.
• Eighth Five Year Plan- emphasis was shifted from development to empowerment.
• Convention on Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW)
in1993.
• The Cairo conference in 1994 organized by UN on Population and Development called
attention to women’s empowerment as a central focus and UNDP developed the Gender
Empowerment Measure (GEM)
• The Government of India declared 2001 as the Year of Women’s Empowerment (Swashakti).
• The National Policy for the Empowerment of Women was passed in 2001.
• The National Mission for Empowerment of Women (NMEW) was launched by the Government of
India (GoI) on International Women’s Day in 2010 with the aim to strengthen overall processes that promote
all round development of women.
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10. Gender Inequality Index
• (GII) is an index for measurement of gender disparity that was introduced in the 2010 Human Development
Report 20th anniversary edition by the (UNDP).
Gender parity index GPI in higher
Education
• Gender Parity Index (GPI) in higher education is calculated for 18-23 years of age group. The ratio of
the female to male in higher education measures progress towards gender equity and the level of learning
opportunities available for women in relation to those available to men. It serves also as a significant
indicator of the empowerment of women in society.
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11. • Skewed Sex Ratio: With only 914 females for every 1000 males due to female foeticide.
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12. • In India The Global Gender Gap Index introduced by the World Economic Forum in
2006,
• The Global Gender Gap Index tries to measure the ‘relative gaps between women and
men across countries in four key areas—health, education, economics and politics. The
rankings are based on four of sub indices that measure economic participation and
opportunity, educational attainment, health and survival and political empowerment.
• The World Economic Forum has placed India in the 112st position among 153 countries
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13. Literacy- The gender gap
The one way to improve it is to focus on
female literacy rate.
Gap between male and female literacy rate
appears to be constant .
Because of Issues like dowry , female foeticide
, child marriage , honor killing, etc .
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14. Access to resources/autonomy
• Only 25% of family income comes from women
• 1 in 3 women do not have regular access to media (1 in 5 for men)
• 1 in 3 women are permitted to go alone to market, health center or outside the community
• 15% of women between 15-49 yrs have access to bank account (Wealthiest 20% population: 33%)
Source: National Family Health Survey 3, 2005-06
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15. • Social
• Lack of awareness
• Lack of time
• Lack of support
• Class and caste
• Economic
• Poverty
• High cost of health care
• Lack of control over resources
• Cultural/attitudinal
• Myths and misconceptions
• Stigma attached to the condition
• Preference for female providers
• External factors
• Availability of health care
• Transportation
• Attitudes of health providers
Gender and access to Healthcare:
Barriers to health seeking behavior and access:
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17. SIX ‘S’ FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
1. Shiksha = Education
2. Swasthya = Health
3. Swavlamban = Self Reliance
4. Samajik Nyay =Justice
5. Samvedan = Sensitivity
6. Samta = Equality
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18. PROGRAMMES/SCHEMES FOR WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
India has over 37 schemes for women operated by different department and ministries.
The implementation of these programmes/schemes is monitored specifically with reference to coverage
of women.
• Schemes of National Scheduled Tribes Finance and Development Corporation
• Integrated Child Development Scheme
• National Rural Health Mission
• Anani Suraksha Yojana • Integrated Child Protection Scheme
• Swadhar—A scheme for Women in Difficult Circumstances
• Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
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19. • Antyodaya Anna Yojna (AAY)
• Ujjawala—A Scheme for Prevention of Trafficking and Rescue, Rehabilitation and Reintegration
• Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana(RSBY)
• Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
• Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY)—A Conditional Maternity Benefit Scheme
• Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of Adolescent Girls (RGSEAG)—Sabla
• Swayam Siddha
• Scheme for Working Women Hostel
• STEP (Support to Training and Employment Programme for Women)
• Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana
• Indira Awaas Yojana (IAY)
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20. Programmes/schemes in Karnataka
• Mathru Poorna Scheme provides one nutritious meal per day
to pregnant and lactating poor women at Anganwadi Centres.
The scheme provides them with meals that include rice, dal or
sambar, green vegetables, pulses, egg and groundnut-jaggery
chikki.
Bhagyalakshmi Scheme promotes the birth of girl children in BPL families. Financial
assistance is provided to the girl child through her mother/father or natural guardian subject
to the fulfillment of certain conditions. Enrollment is allowed upto one year of the birth of
child on production of birth certificate. The benefits of the scheme are restricted to 2 girl
children of a BPL family.
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21. Karnataka Mahila Abhivyudhi Yojane (KMAY) monitors inter-sectoral allocation of
funds for women to ensure gender equality and to integrate women in the
mainstream of development. The strategy of the scheme is to earmark one third of
resources for women in individual beneficiary oriented schemes and labor
intensive schemes of various departments of Government.
• Santhwana centers are 24x7 centers for women in distress. They assist women
who are victims of domestic violence, rape, sexual abuse and dowry harassment.
They providing legal assistance, temporary shelter, financial relief and training to
enable them to be self-reliant and also to achieve social and economic
empowerment
Under the Sthairya Nidhi scheme, Rs.500 lakhs Corpus fund has been established at the
State level in Karnataka to provide financial relief to women who have been victims of
atrocities
.
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22. • Special treament units for women and children have been set up
to provide facilities of counseling, medical aid, police assistance, legal
assistance under one roof to women who are victims of violence.
• Stree Shakthi Groups are formed at the village level to inculcate the
savings habit in the members and empower them economically.
About 15 to 20 women members who are from below poverty line
families, landless agricultural laborers, SC/ST women join together.
Stree Shakthi Groups are formed through Anaganwadi workers and
taluk federations. They are provided with financial and other support
from the State Government.
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23. Acts for women empowerment in India
• The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005
• The Commission of Sati Prevention Act and rules 1987
• National Commission for Women Act 1990
• The sexual harassment of women at workplace Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal Act 2013
• Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961
• The Immoral Traffic Prevention Act, 1956
• Civil Procedure Code, 1973
• Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1929
• The Medical Termination Of Pregnancy Act, 1971
• The Minimum Wages Act, 1948
• Bonded Labor System Abolition Act, 1976
• The Special Marriage Act, 1954
• Indian Divorce Act, 1969
• The Indecent Representation of Women Prohibition Act, 1986
• Equal Remuneration Act, 1976
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24. Ways to Empower Women
•Changes in women mobility and social interaction.
• Changes in women labour paterns.
•Changes in women access to control over
resources.
•Changes in women’s control over decision making.
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25. Advantages of women empowerment
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26. Challenges
• Education: While the nation has developed from a far cry since freedom where instruction is concerned. The
hole amongst women and men is extreme. While 82.14% of grown-up men are instructed, as it were 65.46% of
grown-up women are known not proficient in India.
• Poverty: Destitution is viewed as the best risk to peace on the planet, and annihilation of neediness ought to be a
national objective as critical as the annihilation of lack of education.
• Wellbeing and Safety: These worries of women are foremost for the prosperity of a nation and is an imperative
variable in engaging the women of empowerment in a nation.
• Proficient Inequality: This imbalance in occupation sand advancements. women face innumerable debilitations
in male altered and ruled environments in Government Offices and Private ventures.
• Profound quality and Inequality: Due to sexual orientation increase in wellbeing there is high ethical quality
rate in women diminishing their population encouraged particularly in Asia, Africa and china.
• Family Inequality: Household relations show sexual orientation increase in imperceptibly little however huge
conduct the whole way across the globe, more in India e.g. sharing more of housework, childcare and domestic
works by alleged division of work.
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27. EMPOWERED WOMEN’S
CHARACTERISTICS
• Empowered women define their attitude, values and behavior in relation to their own real interest.
They have autonomy because they claim their freedom from existing male hierarchies, whether they
live in traditional societies or modern industrial societies.
• Empowered women maintain equal mindedness. They act out roles that challenge male dominance.
They respond as equals and co-operate to work towards the common good.
• Empowered women use their talent to live fulfilling lives. They not only survive the harshness of their
own subjugation but also transcend their subjugation.
• Empowered women maintain their strength on the face of pressures from the religion and work and
contribute towards the empowerment of all women.
• Empowered women define their values and formulate their beliefs themselves, they do not derive their
sense of being from male authorities nor do they live vicariously through men.
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28. Women in India
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29. CONCLUSION
• Women represent half of the world’s population and gender inequality exists in every nation
on the planet.
• Until women are given the same opportunities that men are, entire societies will be destined
to perform below their true potentials.
• The dream of women empowerment shall not be fulfill unless they are empowered to play
equal decisive and appropriate role in the family, which is the basic unit of empowerment.
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30. References
• Shashank, Dr & Thakur, Shekhar & Naikoo, Aasif. (2016). Women empowerment and their empowering schemes
in India. international journal of advance research in science humanities and engineering. volume 1. 21-27.
• https://sustainabledevelopment.un.org/topics/genderequalityandwomensempowerment
• https://www.unwomen.org/en/digital-library/publications/2011/10/women-s-empowerment-principles-
equality-means-business#view
• https://wcd.nic.in/womendevelopment/national-policy-women-empowerment
• Gender and Women Empowerment Policy 2010-2020. 2020;
• Name A, Ahmad S, Ismail SOS. Study Of The Challenges And Restrictons Fir The Women Empowerment in India .
• Mokta M. EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN IN INDIA : 2005;11.
• Gender and health-sept 2015.
• https://www.india.gov.in/official-website-ministry-women-and-child-development
• http://dwcd.kar.nic.in:8080/stree_shakti.jsp
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