powerpoint about operator

1. OPERATOR
Prepared By: Banwan Ali Karim
University College Of Goizha/Third Stage Of English Department

2. Operator
The Operator is the first or only auxiliary
verb in the verb phrase.
The operator changes places with the
subject when we form questions and comes
before not or contracted n’t in negative
sentences.

3. For example:
I. Have (op) you (s) seen my pen?
II. I have (op) not replied to her letter.
III. I haven’t (op) replied to her letter.

4.  The main verb be is the operator when it is the only verb in
the verb phrase.
 While the main verb have may serve as operator, or may take
the dummy operator.
 For example:
I. Are you ready?
II. Have you a car?
III. Do you have a car?

5. The verb phrase is could have been imagining:
You could have been imagining it.
The verb phrase is can get:
Karen can get to the heart of a problem.

6. Negation
Inversion
Code
Emphasis
These roles of the operator are known as
the NICE properties of the operator.
The operator plays an sessional role in the
formation of certain sentence structures:

7. Negation
 We form negative sentences by putting not after the
operator:
I. Amy and Dave are getting married in April.
II. Amy and Dave are not getting married in April.
III. Nancy will be staying with us.
IV. Nancy will not be staying with us.

8. Inversion
We form most types of questions by
inverting the positions of the subject and
the operator:
I. She (s) was (op) joking.
II. Was (op) she (s) joking?

9. Code
 The operator can stand alone in a sentence when
the main verb is understanding or implied:
I. A: are you leaving ?
B: Yes, I am.
I. Karen and Tom haven’t seen the movie, but Amy
has.
II. I’ll take one if you will.

10. Emphasis
 The operator carries emphatic stress in speech:
A. Finish your homework.
B. I HAVE finished it.
A. I am afraid to tell my parents.
B. You MUST tell them.

11. Do, Be and Have
 We have to the dummy operator do with the
appropriate endings:
I. Negation: Paul does not work for a public
authority.
II. Inversion: Does Paul work for a public authority?
III. Code: Paul works for a public authority and his
sister does too.
IV. Emphasis: Yes, he definitely does work for a
public authority.

12. The main verb be does not require a dummy
operator; it behaves as if it were the operator
itself:
• It is very expensive.
A. It is not very expensive.(Negation)
B. Is it very expensive?(Inversion)
C. It is very expensive, and the smaller one is
too.(Code)
D. Yes, it really IS very expensive. (Emphasis)

13.  With the main verb have a choice: we can use the
dummy operator, or not:
• Amy has a daughter.
A. Amy does not have a daughter
OR Amy hasn’t (got) a daughter. (Negation)
B. Does Amy have a daughter?
OR Has Amy a daughter? (Inversion)
C. Amy has a daughter and Paul does too.
OR Amy has a daughter and Paul has too. (Code)
D. Yes, Amy does have a daughter.
OR Yes, Amy has a daughter. (Emphasis)