2. Biomolecule
biological molecule is molecule that is present in living
organisms, including large macromolecules such as
proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids, as well as
small molecules such as primary metabolites, secondary
metabolites, and natural products. A more general name for
this class of material is biological materials. Biomolecules
are usually endogenous but may also be exogenous. For
example, pharmaceutical drugs may be natural products or
semisynthetic (biopharmaceuticals) or they may be totally
synthetic.
4. Carbohydrates
any of a large group of organic compounds
occurring in foods and living tissues and including
sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain
hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water
(2:1) and typically can be broken down to release
energy in the animal body.
"water-soluble carbohydrates"
6. Lipids
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids
or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble
in organic solvents. They include many natural oils,
waxes, and steroids.
8. Polynucleotide
molecule is a biopolymer composed of 13 or more[1]
nucleotide monomers covalently bonded in a chain. DNA
(deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid) are
examples of polynucleotides with distinct biological function.
The prefix poly comes from the ancient Greek πολυς (polys,
many). DNA consists of two chains of polynucleotides, with
each chain in the form of a helical spiral.
10. Proteins
any of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that
consist of large molecules composed of one or more long
chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living
organisms, especially as structural components of body
tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as
enzymes and antibodies.
