1. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Public policy and international market
of higher education:
the case of France and China
(work in progress)
Author: Darya Loyola darya.loyola@etudiants.u-paris2.fr
PhD candidate at University Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas,
Scientific supervisor Jennifer Merchant
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

2. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Table of contents:
1) Problem statement
a) main issues
b) opinions
2) Methodology
a) methods
b) results
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

3. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Problem statement
Higher education system and culture
Public policy
International Market of Higher Education
Internationalisation and the policy of attractiveness
+
Concurrence between universities
+
Domination of « ideal model » of highly-ranked American and British institutions
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

4. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Problem statement
China and France:
• wish to be active parts of the process of HE
internationalisation
• modify their HE system
• do not belong to Anglo-American model of HE
Questions:
Do the modify their systems pursuing the politics of
attractiveness inspired by the sucess Anglo-American
model on the international market of HE?
And what are the results of this policy?
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

5. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Problem statement
French and Chinese HE Policy results:
• Decrease of the role of the state
• Increase of the private fundings
• Highly selective university system
=
HE system culture change
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

6. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Problem statement
Opinions related to subjet
• International market pluralism (S.Marginson,
2004, 2013)
• Americanisation of Chinese HE (Yang, 2000; Cai
2012)
• Capitalisation of French HE (C. Musselin, 2008;
C. Charles, 2013)
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

7. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Problem statement
France China
1999 construction of the 1995 education reform, project 211
European Higher Education 1998 education reform, project 985
Area (Bologne process) 2008 - “Chinese Government
2007 CampusFrance Scholarships — University
2007 Law Liberties and Postgraduate Study Programme”
Responsibilities of Universities 2009 – creation of C9 league
Very active participants of HE
internationalisation
Reform their HE systems and import
structural modifications which contradics HE
culture and traditions
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

8. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Methodology
1. Empirical research
1990s – 2010s:
- Reforms (laws, decrees),
- Initiatives on national and international level,
- Innovations,
- Activities of related to HE gouvernmental and non-gouvernemental
organisations,
- Students mobility,
- International cooperations,
- Market positions,
- Market instruments (rankings), trends,
- International HE events
= Evolution of HE systems in national and international context
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

9. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Methodology
1. Empirical research
Sources:
National legislation,
UNESCO,
OECD;
European Commission reports,
Ministries of Education,
Ministries of Foreign Affairs,
Other governmental and non-governmental organisations
data
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

10. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Methodology
2. Field research
Aim: examine the strategies of the institutions and the
evolution of their offers
Where: in the HE institutions
How : interviews with institutions international strategy
decision-makers, local actors of HE internationalization
process
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

11. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Methodology
2. Field research
Result: information about the strategy and practices of the institutions
for the last 20 years to
1) state their orientations, those changes they have experienced,
they implement, and they are intended to pursue (evolution of the
institution, its strategy, its programs)
2) local concepts of international market of higher education, of the
internationalization strategies and the evolution of the institutions
and its offers.
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

12. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Methodology
2. Field research (choice of institutions)
3 examples for France:
1) Academies of Paris, Créteil et Versaille = more than 32% foreign
students of France
2) Academy of Nice – 18,2% of student popolation are foreign
students (average in France 12,6%)
3) Academy of Clermont-Ferrand - highest increase of the number of
foreign students between 2005 and 2009 (32.6%)
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

13. Darya Loyola
Ecole doctorale Georges Vedel
Université Paris 2 Panthéon-Assas
Conclusion
Research results:
Reveal the orientations of national and local
HE decision-makers based on the trends
on the international market of higher
education;
Modification of the national systems inspired
by internationally recognised excellence
of Anglo-American model
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)

14. Thank you !
If you have any questions, please write me:
darya.loyola@etudiants.u-paris2.fr
Ireland International Conference on Education, 15 – 17 April 2013 (IICE-2013)