Essay On The Dictators

Essay on The Dictators
The twentieth century, unlike any other before it, saw dramatic changes in many different areas such as science, technology, politics, religion, and
society. One of the most important and definitely the most obvious change is the increasing deadliness of war. Granted, people have died in wars from
the very beginning, but in the twentieth century wars began to generate much higher body counts both among the contending armies and among
civilian populations, the latter being the most drastic change in number of casualties. Similarly, in the twentieth century, two opposing dictatorships
arose. Although both had many similarities, they represented the culmination of two different political ideologies that had flourished in Europe since the
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Richard Overy's stunningly detailed and well–crafted study of this dichotomy, The Dictators, illuminates it for even the uninitiated in the world of
European or Global History. One particular aspect that clearly illustrates both the similarities and the differences is the ideological goals of each
regime. Despite the fact that they were on two opposite sides of the political spectrum, the similarities between the two show that they may not have
been as opposite has they appear. One of the goals was the creation of a utopian society. "The social vision at the heart of both dictatorships was
utopian in a very literal sense. Like the construction of Thomas More's ideal city, both pursued the perfect society by compelling their subjects to
struggle against the imperfect present" (Overy 229). The precise type of utopian society, however, was a major point of distinction. Hitler sought to
form a nationalist Germany in which everything, from the economy to the church, was subordinate to the needs of the state. "'The state must act,'
wrote Hitler, 'as a guardian of a millennial future in the face of which the wishes and selfishness of the individual must appear as nothing and submit'"
(Overy 229). Stalin, on the other hand, sought to follow the ideals of Marx and form the ideal Marxist–Leninist state. "The socialist project under
Stalin was built on the idea of struggle against the surviving elements of class selfishness and the eventual triumph of a
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The American Dream
The American Dream is an American ideology, in which everyone in the U.S. is able to reach with hardworking and dedication, and has been
interrogated into our politics, economy, and social system. Some want to achieve economic prosperity, some just want religious freedom, some
simply want to give their children a better chance at life than they had themselves, and others have different views on the American Dream.
However, because the Dream has been integrated into our political, economical, and social systems so deeply, it is nearly impossible for many to
reach the Dream. This is especially true when you input factors such as gender, age, and, race. The American Dream has also changed, as many
younger citizens no longer want to be millionaires and much rather be able to pay off student debts. In order the give a full analysis of the American
Dream, an in depth look into the political, economical, and social aspects of it must be done, and this is because all three aspects are intertwined
together.
Politically, as John Archer, a historian and professor at the University of Minnesota, stated, "The American dream has long been bound up with
America's politics and political ideology, and for the most part the relationship has been harmonious" And yes, for the most part, they have been
harmonious, however, with the current change in political views and lack of political direction, things may soon change to be less in sync. Government
funded programs do an unmeasurable amount of

Madonna Manipulation Of Music
The 1980s American culture was largely conservative compared to that of today. Previously, the majority of the American populace was fiercely
heteronormative and strictly religious. As the contemporary mainstream become more adapted to the fast–growing media culture of today, it has
become increasingly difficult for many casual listeners to find a defined boundary between artist and entertainer. Art is rarely conservative. Art inmusic
is to be valued for its complexity, and its ability to invoke thoughts, emotions while expanding perspectives(Kalkavage). What qualified Madonna as an
artist is her manipulation of music as a medium for instigation and expression. Like a prayer released on March 2, 1989, is Madonna's fourth album in
her long–lasting career. The works incorporated in this album was largely inspired by her childhood, personal and love life experiences. The album's
title track of the same name "Like a Prayer" was originally featured in Pepsi's commercial as a debut. Pepsi later backed down from the endorsement
deal following the release of the controversial music video for this song. Ironically, ending the endorsement deal with Pepsi had fueled publicity for the
album itself. The single would later raise to become a top hit in many countries(Thakur. 197). The music video challenged the religious boundaries
embedded in the popular culture and communicated personal truth. It had dealt with controversies by drawing the masses' attention to the core of
Madonna's

Liberals And Conservatives Are Divided Dividing Essay
The main purpose of the article by Matt Motyl titled, "Liberals and conservatives are (geographically) dividing" is that political parties' affiliations
are dividing the U.S. This can be seen through the locations many Americans live such as liberals going to more urban areas as opposed to the
conservatives to go to less populated areas in rural states (Motyl, 2014). The author uses the Ideological Enclavement Theory to explain the division of
people in the U.S through ideological–segregated enclaves (Motyl, 2014).
In this theory, there are two components which he states, "People have gut–level intuitions about the ideology of different enclaves, and when the
ideology if a community matches people's personal ideology, people infer that they would fit into that community. Second, when people have the
opportunity to do so, they will selectively migrate into enclaves that share their ideology" (Motyl, 2014). He then further breaks down the theory to the
consequences that emerge from this division in three categories which stem from the idea of belonging through the self such as migration, well–being
and cognitive style and Intergroup through cooperation, Social capital trust but also hostility dehumanization and violence (Motyl, 2014). Through his
research and others which he states he believes that people decide to stay or create groups based on their own ideologies and migrate away from
communities where they believe they are unwelcome and not belong in the community. The

Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century: A brief...
POLITICAL SCIENCE 101
Popular political Ideologies in the 20th Century
A brief Study of popular 20th Century political trends.
[Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document
here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.]
Political ideologies (P.I) have existed since the dawn of human Civilization; they have been fought over, discredited, re–approached, and fought over
again. Many exist and have been tried over thousands of years. Still the question that plagues humanity is, how best do we manage governmental
affairs? It is best to understand that different political ideologies ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The main thrust of the theory is that everyone was to work to their abilities, and everyone would receive to their needs. The linchpin of this theory,
however; was that it must occur in an already well industrialized nation. Leninism/Stalinism takes the Marxist model and adjusts it slightly to take a
non–industrialized nation into modernity while simultaneously creating the "workers eutopia" Lenin and Stalin did this mainly by force but Lenin also
achieved this by using a quasi–capitalism called "The new economic policy". Classic liberalism/Capitalism finds its roots with the age of enlightenment
and the emergence of the United States of America. The economic driving force behind Classic liberalism is capitalism. The idea that economies grow
and nations become powerful with minimal government involvement. Central to this theme is the idea of free trade between private parties. Classic
liberalism relies also heavily individual rights and freedoms, an individual free to live as they please with minimal government involvement.
Progressivism/Socialism is an attempt to lightly combine the idea's of Marxism and classic liberalism. With heavy reliance on government regulation
the idea is to manage a capitalist economy in order to evenly distribute goods and service's equally to a nation's populace. There is also a strong
tendency for socialist nation to be very liberal in the social sense as well. Many types of deviant behaviors are considered to be be more

Analysis Of Jean Louis Comolli And Jean Narboni 's '...
In Jean–Louis Comolli and Jean Narboni's essay "Cinema/Ideology/Criticism," they put forward the central argument that film is a commercial product
in the capitalist system and therefore also the unconscious instrument of the dominant ideology which produces it. In opposition to the classic film
theory that applauds camera as an impartial device to reproduce reality, they argue that what the camera reproduces is merely a refraction of the
prevailing ideology. Therefore, the primary and political task for filmmakers is to disrupt this replication of the world as self–evident and the function
of film criticism is to identify and evaluate that politics. Comolli and Narboni then suggest seven categories of films confronting ideology in different
ways, among which the second category resists the prevailing ideology on two levels. Films of this group not only overtly deal with political contents
in order to "attack their ideological assimilation" (Comolli and Narboni 483), but also achieve their goal through breaking down the conventional way
of depicting reality.
Palindromes (2004), directed by Todd Solondz, to a large degree corresponds to the category B proposed by Comolli and Narboni. On the level of the
"signified," namely the film's content, this black comedy directly tackles the heatedly debated social and political issues surrounding teen pregnancy
and abortion in the United States. When approaching this controversial subject, the film puts great emphasis on revealing,

Biographies Of Educational Hegemony By Karen Ho
Educational Hegemony
With the development of the society, education becomes a significant role in human's lives, and people appeal to get the equal rights of education.
There are too many people looking forward to justice and liberation in this world. At this time, education is a way to satisfy people's spiritual and
material demands. Gradually, eople realize the importance of education, and they believe in the changes that education brings to them. This is why
people get into hegemony, which presents from the ideology and cultural aspect of the society. However, when their rights are regulated by norms,
people will question whether the hegemony will help them live better. In Karen Ho's article "Biographies of Hegemony", she ... Show more content on
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Individual's life choice narrows by the social cognition. The educational hegemony plants root in people's mind that Wall Street is the best place
to work. However, Wall Street people must dedicate their lives on a financial circle. Ho states the situation, "This early and intense branding of
Wall Street careers as the symbol of arrival, the equating of investment banking with 'career' in general, serves to narrow students' notions of
success and gives the impression that for graduates, there's nothing else out there besides investment banking and consulting" (Ho 171). People
who study in top universities are told to work in investment banking and consulting as a success. People regard their schools as a symbol to
measure their abilities. This recognition can see as a stereotype, which the graduates from famous schools must do several job in several fields, such
as business, political or economic. The ideological hegemony indeed gives people options to choose, but also limits the options and closes people's
mind to discover what they really want. The purpose of education is to help people learn critical thinking. Once the hegemony appears, the ability of
critical thinking is deprived in some degree. Nevertheless, Nafisi as a female teacher realizes that the current school environment always lets her feel
helpless and she says, "Teaching in the Islamic Republic, like any other

How Power Is Used For Concealing Relations Of Power
Power is usually described as "bad" and is mostly discussed by others about the abuse of power however this is not true, power can be used to help or
protect individuals, which is exactly what the culture I had observed does. In this essay, I will examine the performances of power that is observed
throughout the ritual ceremony, "chanting" in the Buddhism culture, displaying how the religion is used for concealing relations of power within this
definite culture. Through this examination, I will use the theories of Karl Marx (religion as ideology) and Antonio Gramsci (hegemony being concept of
power), to support the display of how the power distributes religion. By relating to the definition of power, I argue that, for the members of this
community, 'power' is about ease and security– no inequality.
The first observation that I had seen to our visit to the "Fo Guang Shan Temple" that stood out to me the most were the Buddha statues. Inside the
shrine, in the prayer room, were five large Buddha statues and each wall in the room was occupied with images of small carved Buddha's; both
female and male. Along the left side of the five Buddha's, was an image of Male Buddha and on the right–side was an image of Female Buddha. I also
noticed that people took off their shoes at the door before they entered. When I entered the prayer room, the first entity I had perceived was that the air
was filled with the smell of very strong incense, used for offering the Buddha. People had

Our True Nationality Is Mankind
"Our true nationality is mankind." вЂ• H.G. Wells
Today, the scourge of nationalism continues to infect humanity. Without doubt, in some circles, nationalism is hotly debated. For most people,
however, the concept of nationalism is rarely questioned. In fact, it 's a foregone conclusion that people should love the nation in which they reside.
Some people even take great pride in the fact that they were arbitrarily born in a specific geographical location. Unfortunately, like religion or
capitalism, nationalism is alive and well in the 21st century.
Throughout the history of human civilization, people have been creating, critiquing and altering institutions. For instance, people have been
condemning religion for centuries, indeed millennia. Yet the institution of religion still remains a dominant force in modern society. Without question,
religious institutions and practices have morphed, dare I say, evolved, over the centuries. But the fundamental concept that human beings exist within
an abstract framework of Gods, mythologies, symbols, and so forth, still remains.
In short, it takes an extremely long time to change ideologies and practices. On the other hand, that doesn 't mean conversations about such topics
should be off–limits or discouraged. Quite the contrary: such conversations are essential, especially today. As the legendary science fiction writer
Ursula K. Le Guin recently said, "We live in capitalism. Its power seems inescapable. So did the divine right of

Ideology And Ideological State Apparatuses
Essay I: Of Althusser and ISAs
Ideology is much like oxygen gas, invisible to the average human yet ever present in the world. According to philosopher Louis Althusser, ideology is
"a 'representation' of the imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of existence" (Norton 1498). Ideology is a means by which people
attempt to comprehend themselves in relation to the reality they exist in. For example, in Christianity, people view themselves as placed into reality
for the purpose of repenting for the sins of humanity. Christianity, and all religions, are key to understanding how ideologies are perpetuated and
spread to individuals. According to Althusser, as detailed in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses" (1970), ideologies are used by the
class in charge of the State (the government) in order to control oppressed classes. Ideologies are employed in two main forms, first in through
Ideological State Apparatuses (ISAs) and then through Repressive State Apparatuses (RSAs). RSAs rely mainly on violence or the threat thereof to
control the masses, and are under direct control of the State. Forces such as courts, the police, and the Army are RSAs. In contrast, ideological State
Apparatuses function mainly through ideology, to control the thoughts, actions, and beliefs of the people. ISAs are not usually under direct control of
the State, but serve the State's purposes by influencing the people, acting as the arms of ideology, spreading it to

Essay on Aztec and Inca Religious Zeal
Aztec and Inca Religious Zeal
The Aztec and Inca peoples lived in militaristic and expansionist societies whose ideals were fueled by their religious convictions. Expansionism was
necessary for both societies to support their religious beliefs. The religious zeal of these two civilizations became something that the leaders of the
empires could not control. These empires were built through ideologically driven conquests, which became the cornerstones of their societies and
something beyond the control of the rulers. Every imperialistic nation has a motive for expansion. Military, materialism, and missionary are three of the
biggest motives foe expansion that imperialistic countries use to expand their borders. Conquests ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This required the Mexicas' to go out and make war with their neighbors and then ruthlessly take prisoners of war for later sacrifice. It was believed
that the strength from the sacrificed captives' souls would strengthen the sun in its ongoing battle with the forces of darkness (Conrad, 38). This need
for the sun to constantly be appeased set the Mexica people out on divine missions for sacrificial bodies that took the form of imperial conquests.
Mexica rulers flooded their lands with propaganda that promoted their imperialistic religion. Most of the Aztec's art and literature was made up of this
propaganda, which created this religious fervor among the people that grew beyond the control of the ruling elites. "Oral literature, monumental art,
written codices, and public and private ceremonies instilled and continually reinforced belief in the divine struggle and the unceasing need for
sacrificial victims" (Conrad, 51). Furthermore, religious zeal was strengthened by the guarantee that immortality would be granted to warriors who
died in the divine quest and increased social standing awaited those who faired well in wars (Conrad, 52). The Aztec empire was conquering new lands
but not staying to govern them. "Moctezuma II inherited not only a tradition of glorious military achievement but also its product: a far–flung, loosely
organized, and totally unstable imperial hegemony" (Conrad, 60). Moctezuma II recognized this problem with

The Republicans Fight For Economic Justice And Security
Ideologies are referred as a set of ideas and values that provides a base for organised political action. They justify and influence the different theories
of society and human nature. Ideologies have a big impact on policy making. Democratic and Republican parties differ on their ideologies and values,
therefore, impacting policy formulation. Democrats fight for economic justice and security in the U.S. and global economies. For example, fairness is
the core principle for the Congressional progressive caucus. It also embodies national priorities that are consistent with the values, needs, and hopes of
all our people, not just the powerful and the privilege. They want to invest in America and create new jobs in the U.S. by building more affordable
housing, re–building America's schools and physical infrastructure, cleaning up our environment, and improving homeland security. They also want to
ensure working families can live above the poverty line and with dignity by raising and indexing the minimum wage. Whereas the Republicans believe
they shouldn't be spending money on the homeless. Conservatives believe that giving away handouts decreases incentives to work and that, generally,
welfare is the enemy of freedom. As a result, The House bill was an attempt to end the Housing Trust Fund. Housing is a human right and people
should not have to live in poor conditions. I know someone that was homeless when he was young and that alone affected his mental health because of
the

What Cyborg Are You? Essay
The global industrialization in twentieth century rapidly shaped the human society in political, economical, cultural and other aspect. The idea of
machine replacing human beings has been concerned by many scholars and scientists themselves. The definition of human being and the definition of
machine ha s been challenged as they gradually become into a non–separated integration. We now have artificial limbs, man–made blood vessels and
even micro–chips in our brains. In A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology, and Socialist–Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century, a well–known
essay published in the late twentieth century, Donna Haraway developed the notion of Cyborg. She states that there is no actual boundary among "
human", "animal", and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In other words, becoming a cyborg is not only the collaboration with machinery. Becoming a cyborg means that the built–in becomes the core of a man
and the built–in is also the necessity of living in his community. The equipped or imposed part maintains our activities as a must in our life while the
original part degenerates or the original part must live with the new extension. Based on my definition of cyborg above, I am becoming a cyborg.
My basic living skills is degenerating as most other people who live in modern society. I cannot recall the last time I handwrite something besides
my signature. I wrote every week on paper since I was in elementary school. I started working on a computer when I was 10 and ever since then I
gradually feel inevitable disconnection with pens and papers. After 12 years typing on keyboard, I can hardly produce any fluent phrase by
handwriting because keyboard changed the way I write and think. I am used to faster speed of typing, look ahead when I write, and the automatic
correction for grammar and spelling by my software. As a bookworm and a potential writer, it is extremely difficult to shift back to handwriting as
my flow of thoughts has to slow down for my much lower writing speed in addition to the pause for spelling check. The same problem with the
calculation skill, there are few people who can do simple division and multiplication by their own mind. They need a plug–in – calculator

A Summary Of The First Great Awakening
Described as theologically significant, The First Great Awakening (c. 1735–1743) was the beginning of a revitalization that hit the American colonies
by storm. It began to form once religion had eased down and preachers began to take an emotional foot in religion and increasing liberalism – Armenia
(free will) ideals began to form. George Whitefield, a circuit rider who preached spiritual awakening, and Jonathan Edwards, imposed fear in people by
claiming God had already chosen who get his salvation, were the main contributors to the First Great Awakening. The Second Great Awakening
(c.1795–1830) was experienced across the country due to the advancement in the nation's economic growth. Preachers often spoke emotionally about
their message to increase the reaction in people. Preaches proclaimed that the power of eternal salvation is in the hands of the person to decided to be
saved and avoid eternal damnation. This ideals were closest related/influenced by Arminianism which sinfulness is a choice rather than a destiny in
which it appealed to more people because of its optimistic outlook. The First Great Awakening changed religiousideology by promoting Calvinist ideals
and individualism amongst people; The Second Great Awakening promoted salvation and damnation at the expense of the person true willingness to be
saved, positive female roles in the church and the infusion of lower classes with higher classes; both transforming the methods of worship to become
more emotionally

Political Ideology Essay
Ideology
Note: these are 'generalizations' and are not 'all inclusive'...
An ideology is a collection of ideas, typically containing ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (democracy, theocracy, etc), &
the best economic system (capitalism, socialism, etc). Sometimes the same word is used to identify both an ideology & one of its main ideas, e.g.,
"socialism" may refer to an economic system, or to an ideology which supports that economic system.
– Political ideologies generally have two dimensions: Goals: (how society should work or be arranged) and Methods: (the most appropriate ways to
achieve the ideal arrangement).
– Ideology is basically constant, & we generally use a straight line 'left is liberal & right ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
or support:
– Social Darwinism (survival of the fittest), believe in self reliance & individualism, and as such;
– generally against 'social welfare' programs to re–distribute wealth (from rich to poor)
– believe private business should be left alone to compete in 'free market enterprise' without gov't control or interference, however, they routinely favor
government support & funding for highways, etc, and other programs to promote business (assistance)
– generally 'traditionalists', for political 'status quo' & view change suspiciously
– generally favor stiff criminal penalties (strong law & order), emphasize 'traditional' moral & family values (anti–abortion, anti–homosexual,
anti–same sex marriage)
– are skeptical of human nature; believe 'the rich get richer while the poor get poorer' is the law of nature, because some people are stronger, smarter,
harder working than others
Liberals generally believe government should take care of all the problems of society; that government power should be used to protect the
disadvantaged, individuals, the masses
– generally believe individual concentrations of wealth & power (wealthy elite) control the government, destroy economic competition & weaken
individual freedom, and as such;
– generally believe it necessary for the government to regulate the economy and 'big business' to protect 'the workers', 'the masses', 'the people' from
the 'wealthy elite'

– generally support 'social welfare' programs (redistribution

Analysis Of The Article ' Reinventing The Veil '
The role of the veil in Persepolis
One of the most controversial topics concerning Muslim women's rights is the idea of the veil. It is believed by some Muslims that the veil is an
Islamic obligation that all Muslim women must adhere to. But nowadays, the veil can have different meanings that are not necessarily religious. In
her article "Reinventing the Veil," Leila Ahmed addresses some of the different meanings that the veil can have. Marjane Satrapi explores one of
those meanings in her animated autobiography Persepolis (2008). In Persepolis, Marjane tells the story of her rebellion against the Iranian Islamist
regime that takes over Iran, oppresses women, and forces them to wear the veil. What was interesting to me was seeing Marjane wear the veil
without being oppressed, although she does not believe in it, and is being forced to wear it. In Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi escapes being a subject to
the Iranian Islamist ideology by establishing her individual identity through transforming the veil from a means of oppression into a means of feminist
rebellion.
In an interview conducted by MovieWeb, Marjane notes that the film isn't political, historical or sociological. The film simply holds a humanistic
message that says that "human beings anywhere is the same, and they have the right to live" (Satrapi.) This humanistic message is what we see
Marjane fighting for in the film. She is striving to live a normal life, and one of the things that help her do that is the veil. She

Literary And Cultural Theory During The Modern And...
Theories investigating subjectivity have dominated the field of literary and cultural theory during the modern and postmodern period. The way we
understand subjectivity effects the way we understand the world around us, whether the subject is viewed in the Cartesian manner as a fixed entity,
with a pre–existing nature that is not affected by the discourses that surround the it, or if we view the subject as one produced in and through the forces
of power available in the time period, whether they be political, social or linguistic. The dominant model of understanding the subject up till the 20th
century has been the model provided by Descartes, one where the self is understood as being independent and unsupported, where it is considered a
private and autonomous experience deriving meaning and substance on its own without the assistance or influence of external factors. According to
Descartes "true self–knowledge cannot rely on the contingent and fallible perceptual ideas that are not essential to one 's true self." During the age of
Enlightenment reason and empirical knowledge were foregrounded, and were focused upon as the most important factors in understanding the world,
consequently the individual was also emphasized as the creator of meaning. Human beings were understood as being born with great potential, and a
stable, true self that if given the right to its unrestrained expression, could flourish and achieve anything.
Heidegger was one of the first thinkers to

The Complete Persepolis By Marjane Satrapi
This pepper identifies and analyses some of the highlights found in the culture narrative of a visual comic memoir titled "The Complete Persepolis" by
Marjane Satrapi, and a culture storyline, "Code White" by Debra Anderson. Starting with "The Complete Persepolis" the book is about Satrapi's
experience as she transitions from a young woman into adulthood in Rasht, Iran and Vienna, Australia during and after the Islamic and culture
revolution between the periods of 1979–1995. The first published in France, in French language in 2000, and English version 2003 in New York. As
for "Code White" it's a fiction cultural narrative about a Queer woman Alex who finds herself in a mental health hospital in Toronto, Canada. Analyzing
these books, and the, concepts such as ideological practices, stereotypes, and feminism, as well as terms of ability, ablebodiness and feminist power
gives insight about ways in which systems of oppression related to race, class, gender, ability, feminist sexuality are culturally re–enforced within a
society. But also through feminist these cultural ideologies can be deconstructed with the goal to gain economic and class equality among all people.
This essay focus in Marjane Satrapi and ways she resists to the culture narratives of the veil in relation to gender class and sexuality. The second part
pays a closer attention to the Code White and the representation of the character of Alex and her tactics to resist to mental illness, and stereotypes
attached

Early American Literature Influenced by Religious...
In the beginning times of American Literature, Puritan writers were prevalent which grew into the Age of Reason by way of scientists and
philosophers, which eventually emerged into Romanticism and the Renaissance writers, which developed into Realism by the middle of 19th century.
Throughout American Literature, religious ideologies and philosophies influenced the way that writers portrayed the time period, characters, feelings,
and God.
Through Puritan writers, literature is influenced by religious ideologies and philosophies. Puritans writers, beginning in about 1560, put most of their
focus into making their work God centered. They believed in the "Elect" and that Jesus died only for these few people. Writers usually wrote in 1st ...
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She also thanks God during situations that could seem like nothing to be thankful about like, "yet the Lord by his almighty power, preserved a
number of us from death" (Rowlandson 10). Through both the narratives of the lives of Equiano and Rowlandson, the Puritan literature is influence
by religious ideologies and philosophies. By the end of the 17th century, new ideas formed in Europe challenging the faith of the Puritans, during the
period of time known as the Age of Reason. Also known as the Enlightenment, it began with philosophers and scientists who called themselves
rationalists, believing that one can arrive at truth by using reason, instead of religious faith or intuition. As the Puritans in the past saw God as being
active in the involvement of the workings of the universe, the rationalists compared God to a clockmaker, and that God's gift to humanity was the
ability to think in a logical manner. Like the Puritans, rationalists discovered God through the medium of the natural world, but believed in deism, that
God made it possible to discover nature laws through their power of reason, given by Him. Benjamin Franklin's The Autobiography, is depictive of the
Age of Reason because it portrays the fact that Franklin was a self–made person and had to further his own life, rising from poverty to a scientist able
to retire at

The Chimney Sweeper And William Blake's Songs Of...
William Blake's poem "The Chimney Sweeper" of Songs of Innocence draws a crude image of late 18th and early 19th century where children labors
helplessly surrender themselves at the feet of capitalists. This paper aspires to analyze "The Chimney Sweeper" from Althusserian view of
Interpellation as we see, different chimney sweepers, forgetting their own identity and pleasure, conform to the rules and norms manipulated by their
master. In the midst of flourishing industrialization of late 18th century, workers really became material of production and in this way they were
incorporated into institution. This paper looks into the chimney sweepers through the spectacles of Interpellation. In "The Chimney Sweeper", the
course of Ideological State ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In "The Chimney Sweeper", the little chimney sweeps become tools in the process of production. According to Louis Althusser, "allideology hails or
interpellates concrete individuals into concrete subjects". Interpellation is a kind of 'misrecognition'. It can be counted as "recruitment" as it asks to
join a man into a position of subject. From Althusser's view, the state employs Ideological Apparatus to reproduce ideology through practices and
production. He presents his main concepts regarding condition of production, theory of state and role of individual in an essay named "Ideology and
Ideological State Apparatus", where he mentions Repressive State Apparatus functions through violence and force to subdue an individual on the other
hand Ideological State Apparatus uses the institutions of religion, ethics, and politics. As the production processes continue, the chimney sweeps
become lifeless objects for the sake of production and

Religious Ideologies And Practices Behind Buddhism
Throughout my time in school and growing up in a religiously diverse community in Queens, NY, I have been exposed to numerous belief systems.
These experiences have allowed me to stay open–minded and interested to learn about other cultures and ways of life. One particular religion that I did
not consider myself well versed with was Buddhism. From my previous encounters with this religion, I had learned that its teachings embody the idea
of karma and rebirth. As means to broaden my knowledge and learn more about the religious ideologies and practices behind Buddhism, I spoke with
Professor Ann Burlein of the Religion and Philosophy Department. I had originally planned to attend Professor Burlein's Buddhism in America class,
but due to time conflicts I resorted to meet with her outside of the classroom environment. At the beginning of our conversation, she first introduced me
to some of the core fundamentals revolving Buddhism, which are acceptance of impermanence, suffering and unseparated self. She explained that in
Buddhism, one of the most powerful and practical means of reaching this acceptance was through mindful meditation. I personally could relate to her
description about mediation because it is also heavily valued in Sikhism. As Buddhists use meditation to achieve a certain mental outlook, Sikhs also
use it as means to control our thoughts and ultimately keep our mind from wandering. Understanding the fundamentals behind Buddhism had already
allowed me to draw a

It Has Become Apparent That Throughout History Societies
It has become apparent that throughout history societies have formed as a means of improving efficiency and quality of life. In that pursuit, ideology
has become the main topic of discussion. The long lasting argument of which societal structure and set of societal norms will reap the most benefits
continues today, specifically in the United States. However, it has not been until recently that Marxists methods of analysis have become a significant
source of discussion within the country. As the exploration into Marxistideology continues, it becomes apparent that the concepts themselves also
become more and more normalized within American culture. The idea ofMarxism has become widely accepted; enough so as to make it into
mainstream ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As displayed in the show, without these factors the fate of, not only the individual but, the group is at stake. In this zombie–infested world, the zombies
themselves can be seen as a metaphor for the Marxist criticism of capitalism. In a similar manner to that of which capitalism seeks profit for
individual's own sake, these zombies desperately pursue and starve for human flesh. The events that occur in The Walking Dead can help illustrate the
principles that Karl Marx and Marxism founded at the time. Much like it is for the characters in the show, Marxism's ultimate priority is simply to
survive. However, much like the disease infesting the city of Atlanta, capitalism withholds a desire to expand. It bases itself on risk, causing
unnecessary obstacles for people to reach their end goal, which should be to sustain themselves.
A major point made by Karl Marx seemed to be the abandonment of private property. For Rick's surviving group the implementation of this concept is
a must. In their zombie–filled world it is important that the survivors keep on the move and detach themselves from any useless items. The group never
settles, always residing in temporary homes like farmhouses, camps, shops, and prisons; knowing that claiming private property could be a liability or
futile.
Within the Communist Manifesto, Marx also encourages the abandonment of the family

The Groundings With My Brothers Summary
On June 16, 2015, a long time television and real estate magnate by the name of Donald J. Trump opened his presidential campaign by uttering one of
the most racially insensitive remarks in today's time when he elucidated upon that notion that Mexican immigrants who come to America are not model
citizens but rather rapists and murderers who undermine the legitimacy and economic fortitude of the American experiment. This racist and
xenophobic remark illustrates just how entrenched the notion of white supremacy or as Walter Rodney would call it the "white cultural imperialism"
ideology is inextricably tied to the understanding of our society today. Because of this problematic ideology, there must be some sort of opposition to
fight against such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In particular, Walter Rodney's third argument about the role of black intellectual in integrating one's self with the happening's of the black masses is
particularity intriguing. Here, I posit that Rodney is making an argument about the need for solidary within politically repressed minority communities
like those of the African–American community. I agree with Rodney that through the acceptance and affirmation of the connections that we share with
each of our brothers and sisters that it helps us move in a path in which all of those who are the most marginalized within our society stand a chance to
benefit in the long run. Solidary is important to liberation and in reforming the oppressive structures under which we live.
Moreover, I agree with the argument Rodney posits when he tasks black intellectuals to not believe and challenge the social myth of the multi–racial
society. In this instance, I think that Rodney is making a broader point about how pervasive and powerful ideology can be. Essentially, in a sort of
Marxist spin, it is my belief that Rodney is saying that people in power often times make relationships and ideas seem more legitimate than they
actually are in order to cause one to be obscured to

Ideology and Reality in the Movie, The Matrix Essay examples
Ideology and Reality in the Movie, The Matrix
The matrix, as presented in the eponymous film, operates as an Althusserian Ideological State Apparatus (ISA). The Matrix1 presents a world in which
"the state [as] a 'machine' of repression" is made literal where robots rule the land (Althusser 68). It is true that they rule by force (sentinels and agents)
and these constitute the Repressive State Apparatus, but their primary force of subjugation is the matrix, their ISA. The film traces the path of one
man, Neo, in his painful progress from the ideology of the matrix to the "real world," or the ideology of the "real."2 The matrix, unlike the ideology of
the "real," is explicitly defined along Althusserian lines as an ISA. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These are the "world outlooks" of "religious ideology, ethical ideology, legal ideology, political ideology, etc." (87). It is important to realize that
ideology here is a completely imaginary construct, though from within any particular ideology, it is indistinguishable from the borders of "the real
conditions of...existence" (87). Althusser identifies a second thesis regarding ideology: "Ideology has a material existence" (Althusser 89). In spite of
its necessarily imaginary nature, ideology is only manifested through physical action. This materiality introduces the notion of the subject. "The
existence of the ideas of [the subject's] belief is material in that his ideas are his material actions inserted into material practices governed by material
rituals which are themselves defined by the material ideological apparatus from which derive the ideas of that subject" (92). Which is to say that, a
subject's intellectual ideas are only manifested through the physical actions that are inherently rooted in the ideology. It is impossible to express
thought without action, and it is impossible to act without ideology. Thus, ideology becomes not only the imaginary relationship to reality, but also the
physicality of reality. Being both the idea of reality and the material manifestation of such, ideology then becomes indistinguishable from reality,
leading to Althusser's use of both terms

Colonial New England Ideologies And Religious Beliefs
Colonial New England ideologies were strictly religious in their puritan beliefs. Clergymen were highly educated and forced religious practices in the
name of being righteous and holy. Conformity to religion was not considered a rational choice to those that were forced unto American soil and
forced to live a way of life so different than their own. Enslaved Africans brought with them their own religious, marriage and funeral, and medicinal
practices. These practices prompted radical puritans to fear these religious traditions that were so unlike their own, condemning blacks and the various
ways they expressed hope in oppression. McMillan states, "As blacks occupied the lowest rung within society, their ability to survive the ordeals of...
Creating original covert religious rituals and theologies. Many of the bewitching practices that have been historically accurate refer to Caribbean
religious practices and Haitian voodoo, which is still prevalent in society today. Religious traditions associated with these general regions include
celebration of marriage and funerals, for example, parading the streets with livelihood to properly bury a loved one. Today this is referred to as the
second line funeral procession. White colonialists also believed funeral processions to be an act that made blacks uncontrollable. As stated in
Piersen's 1988 Notes, "In 1721...Boston's selectmen limited the number of bells that could be tolled for Negro funerals to one in order to cut down
on attendance; and they ordered the funeral processions to stop wending their way all over town and to take the most direct route to the grave." Well
documented manuscripts reveal a tell all of the black experience in colonial New England. This colony differed to that of many others due to the
simple fact that blacks were recognized and had legal rights. Essentially, blacks were much better off in New England versus anywhere in the south.
Denying religious and moral traditional rights to blacks, white colonists still insisted that blacks followed a Puritan moral code. With the inability to
conform to the Puritan religion came a spike in witchcraft,

Essay on A Role for Religion in Public Service
A Role for Religion in Public Service
ABSTRACT: In this paper I discuss recent scholarly work on ideology, mostly by Europeans, that exposes a secularist bias in current political theory,
invites a nonderogatory concept of religion, and (I argue) justifies more flexible church/state relations. This work involves (1) redefining ideology as
any action–oriented ideas, whether destructive or ameliorative, including both secular theory and religion, then (2) drawing on hermeneutical and
critical studies of the power/ideology relationship to rediscover a role for 'utopia' as a social catalyst for amelioration. I then call attention to the
relevance of 'mission' to this work. For in both secular and sacred contexts, missions are defined and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This reconsideration involves two phases. First ideology is redefined as any action–oriented ideas whether destructive or ameliorative including both
secular theory and religion. Then hermeneutical and critical studies of the power/ideology relationship help us rediscover the role of 'utopia' as a social
catalyst for amelioration.
As exemplified by Newspeak in George Orwell's Nineteen–Eighty–Four: destructive ideology is used not to convey information but to provide a
truth–indifferent rationale for institutional policies and practices. Such obfuscation has been a government staple, not just in the former Soviet Union
but in the West as well, where governments have misrepresented their coercive activities as fending off "bandits" earlier in the twentieth century and
"terrorists" more recently. What matters for my purposes is that one might similarly appeal to religious beliefs to justify pursuing a goal that is not
obviously religious at all.(1)
Special terminology is needed, then, to distinguish religious beliefs from mobilized religion. For this purpose some writers(2) use the term 'worldview'
(in German, Weltanschauung), and others rely on 'ideology.' 'Worldview' encompasses both religious and secular beliefs, as does 'visionof the world' or
'mentality,' which some historians favor.(3) But none of these implies a call to action. The term 'ideology', though action–oriented, tends to be
associated only with nonreligious ideas. But some

Pros And Negatives Of Populism
How can Bernie Sanders and Donald Trump, who have completely different ideologies and agendas, both be considered populists? Well, firstly we
must understand what it is to be an actor of populism. The purpose of this paper will be to define populism and explore its positives and negatives.
Pure people versus corrupt elite, is the way Cas Mudde, defines populism (M.S., 2016). There are a lot of populists and they all have different
intentions and desires for their people, therefore it could be positive or negative. A Polish religious nationalist populist fights so the elite secular liberals
give institutions back to the Catholics. A Dutch secular–nationalist populist condones the multicultural elite and argues there should be a crackdown on
the Islamic religion. (M.S., 2016). As we can clearly see they are great differences between the beliefs of one populist and another. Some may argue
that populism is the future of government and political dominance, although many will argue that there are dangers when it comes to populism. I will
discuss two disadvantages and one advantage of populism. Populists have been heavily criticized for neglecting and disobeying basic human rights.
Populists claim that there are speaking for the majority of the population and instead of promoting rights for everyone, they strive to only please the
needs and wants of the majority (Roth, 2017). The disadvantages of this lie in the fact that the minority is being completely ignored and the concept

Mindfulness : The Religious Ideologies Of The Eastern World
Mindfulness derives from the religious ideologies of the Eastern world, specifically originating from Buddhism. Mindfulness represents a state of
consciousness in which an individual is completely aware of the present moment. The intense awareness of the present moment allows the individual to
acknowledge the feelings, thoughts, and emotions being experienced in a nonjudgmental manner. Mindfulness involves cognition about cognition, and
the ability to observe thoughts impartially. However, present moment awareness is a vital component to being mindful. Thoughts about the past and
future will subside. The individual's awareness is on the body, the breath, and thoughts only pertaining to the present moment. This awareness and
attention allows a person to view the world in a new perspective. Most people constantly and unknowingly think about the past or the future. The
intrapersonal communication we experience changes our perspective of the world because we are either comparing the present to a situation from the
past or we are ignoring the present by anticipating the future. Practicing mindfulness can enhance interpersonal communication skills in reference to
arguments and problem solving, resulting in stronger interpersonal relationships. Mindfulness allows a person to be open to new perspectives. Often
times when two people engage in an argument, they only focus on their interpretation of the situation. However, a mindful mindset leads to openness
and the will to

Political Ideologies And The Basic Philosophy Of A Community
Any social and political system that is established in any nation is designed on the fundamental principles of their existence, which define their
cultures, their needs, their demands and the concept of their living. From this we can deduce that a kind of charter comprising of the values, ideas,
thoughts, principles and the ethical boundaries of a society, that works for the construction of a social embodiment of a country and graphs out certain
templates of actions to be followed is known as a political ideology. Political ideologies help in the enhancements of the basic philosophy of a
community. It enables the analysis of the definition of their existence and gives them a medium to work upon their planning of developments. Social...
It covers up the rights of females of all ages and supports them in the demand of equality in social, cultural, educational, political, economic,
recreational, administrative and domestic systems. Feminism actually began in the late 19th century when the concept behind this ideology was
entirely different to what it is perceived today. Feminism was composed to bring about justice to the underprivileged members of the society,
irrespective of their caste, color, race or gender. Feminism catered to audiences who were discarded from the civil setup because they lacked the normal
atonement to the living standards brought about by the trend setters. Feminism aimed at highlighting the plight of such individuals, by helping people
to acknowledge them and their equal stand in living. However, they were criticized in multitudes. Quite often, the deprived groups of individual finding
refuge with such comforting agents were mostly the female classes of our society.
It should be noticed that these revolutions erupted in the western world, where transgression of women was at its peak and the female counterparts
were often victimized to be treated as highly dejected human beings. Women laborers were paid wages that were not even a quadrant of the amount
paid to their fellow male workers, they was no law against sexual and physical abuse against young girls. This kind of a scenario turned

The Political Ideology That Best Represents My Views
The political ideology that best represents my views is liberalism. Liberalism is an ideology that emphasizes, "cultural diversity, government programs
for the needy, public intervention in the economy, and individuals' rights to a lifestyle based on their own social and moral positions" (Morone &
Kersh, 2014, p. 37). In other words, liberalism promotes government assistance for individuals in need as well as protect every individual's rights.
One aspect of my life that has shaped my political views is my religious background. I grew up in a Baptist family, and used to go to church regularly.
As I got older, I started going to church less and less because the things my pastor said made me feel very uncomfortable. At the time, I did not
understand why I felt so uncomfortable and it was not until I got older that I realized why I felt the way I did. Majority of the time, my pastor said
things that had sexist and homophobic undertones. Despite being in a holy place, I spent the duration of my time as a member of the church feeling
disconnected from everything, which eventually led to me breaking ties with the church completely.
My family's financial background also helped in shaping my views. When I was younger, my family received financial assistance from the
government in the form of CHIPs and food stamps. I was too young to remember how food stamps benefited my family, but I do remember the many
ways in which CHIPs helped us out. For example, I grew up having terrible

Herodotus Use Of Religious Ideologies In Ancient Cultures
According to multiple scriptures, religious ideologies were an essential component of the ancient civilizations. Religion managed to touch every aspect
of ancient life, including having a correlation with warfare. A letter recounting the events of Sargon's eight campaign describes the Neo–Assyrian
concept of using religious ideologies as a motivation for conflict. Furthermore, Herodotus' account of the Greco–Persian wars depicts the use of religion
in determining the time, the means, and the outcome of warfare. In both cases, religious ideology had a unique role in generating conflict through
inscriptions, omens, dreams, festivals, prayers, and prophecies. When the Assyrian Empire was at its height, Sargon conducted multiple campaigns to
control and expand his empire. His eighth campaign was documented in a letter Sargon wrote to his god Assur. Sargon begins by stating that Ninigikug,
the lord of wisdom, had ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
7.206). Logistically, Sparta would not have been able to survive if the whole Spartan army had marched off to war. Since all Spartan males fought in
the army, it was their hoplite slaves who tended the fields, prepared the food, and performed the daily tasks a city–state would need to thrive. If the
entire Spartan army had left, the hoplite slaves would have revolted and Spartan society would have crumbled (Jan. 26). But Herodotus never mentions
the reality of Spartan culture and instead, leaves it to religious ideologies to be the cause for their absence at Marathon and Thermopylae. In Herodotus'
mind, the belief that it was religious ceremonies preventing the Spartans from entering battle was much more interesting that the Spartan hoplite
system. But, this examples stills shows that religious ideologies could prevent conflict from

Criticism In Animal Farm And The Prophet's Hair
Literature generally reflects life. It doesn't just describe the events; it creates characters and conflicts to help the reader better understand the meaning
of the events. Modern literature is often linked to ideology, either supporting or discriminating it. George Orwell's Animal Farm and Salman Rushdie's
The Prophet's Hair are among the literary texts that attack the ideologies, Communism and Islam respectively. Even though the texts are written in the
genres that are usually used to support the principles and ideas of the philosophy they promote, Animal Farm and The Prophet's Hair undermine these
philosophies. There are certain similarities in the way G.Orwell and S.Rushdie discriminate the ideologies in question; however, some differences...
First of all, the tone of describing events and characters in both texts is sarcastic. Humorous undertone is expressed by different means: caricatures,
contrasts and hyberbolisations in Animal Farm; high diction and exaggeration in The Prophet's Hair ("procession", "endless ululating crocodiles of
lamentation", "ramifications", "massive police search"). Moreover, both protagonists, Napoleon and Hashim, are obsessed with the idea. Napoleon
puts in place any means to achieve his goal; and Hashim becomes a different person, betraying his own principles, in order to satisfy the
requirements of his new ideas. Worship of the ideology, be it Communism or Islam, is at the core of the conflicts. In addition, both characters use
their ideologies, but not common sense and consciousness, to justify their acts. Napoleon's every new decision, even the most abnormal, is supported
by "Surely, comrades, you do not want Jones back? "; by "Jones" implying the old regime. After these words every argument becomes unanswerable.
For his part Hashim uses religion to justify his greed and passion. He tells himself: "...the Prophet would have disapproved mightily of this
relic–worship: he abhorred the idea of being deified, so by keeping this rotting hair from its mindless devotees, I perform – do I not? – a finer service

Dogmatic Ideologies In The Crucible By Arthur Miller
When contemplating past societies, a subconscious critical lens is often enacted exposing the fallaciousness of their respective ideologies. The
Crucible by Arthur Miller serves to provide perspective into the consequences of being confined to an ideology in a dogmatic fashion, and the fear it
may inspire. The theatre piece is set during the Salem Witch Trials in late 17th century and follows the vulnerable townspeople as a syndicate of naive
girls abuse the communities position as puritans to endow accusations of witchcraft. A consistent allegory between the piece and McCarthyist America,
tied with context and literary techniques enables a warning against dogmatic beliefs in ideologies and the fear that can result from the unknown.
The creation of an allegory connecting the Salem Witch Trials with McCarthyist America, and context, primarily historical, alerts viewers of the
precaution that must be held in relation to dogmatic ideologies. In order to fully comprehend the allegorical extracts the historical context must first be
understood. At the time of publication, 1953, the Cold War was in occurrence. The Cold War was essentially a war of two antithetical ideologies,
capitalism (in America) and communism (in the USSR). In 1949 the USSR exploded their first nuclear weapon and not long after in 1953, activated
their first hydrogen bomb. Due to this Americans became paranoid of the communist threat and emanated into capitalist ideologies becoming
unquestionable; over

Effects Of The First World War On Society
The effects of the first world war on humanity are indisputable in the context of historical documents. However, what can be easily disputed more than
anything are the direct causes of the war. It has been debated among scholars as to whether the reasons for the war were institutional or by a select few
powerful individuals. There are historians who write about the shared blame among Western European countries such as Christopher Clark in The
Sleepwalkers. On the contrary, there are many historians who would place the blame for the war on Germany for varying reasons. In The Kaiser and
His Court, John Rohl argues that monarchy and religion in Germany helped to spawn the first world war. His reasoning shows that Germany had a
right to expand their power by handing Austria–Hungary a "blank check" to go to war against Russia and that the ultimatum was hastily offered to
Serbia to protect Germany's political interests. This paper argues that Germany had the largest role in initiating World War Ibecause it took a separate
path from the rest of Europe during the twentieth century. The points to be discussed include why Germany introduced the "blank check' document, the
motives behind the Serbian ultimatum, and the overall religious and political ideologies which led to the outbreak of the war.
The reasoning behind Germany handing Austria–Hungary the blank check can be debated, but it is most likely because of the political views of
Wilhelm II. The assassination of Archduke Franz

Social And Political Views Of Democracy
Democracy offers people the chance to be involved citizens rather than unreceptive subordinates. However, this right doesn't come unchallenged.
Citizens are required to assess a broad range of political subjects (such as candidates, parties, and policies) and then combine and simplify their
likings in a way that allows them to choose on voting decisions. So, how are these challenges met? In the United States, some citizens are conservative
Republics, some are liberal Democrats, and others fall in between or outside the two. Recent studies have proposed that these recognitions play an
important part in voting behavior and political perception. Recently, however, more studies have accumulated advocating for two meager assumptions
in regards to this study: that liberal/conservative identifications are bipolar in meaning and that underlying this bipolarity is cognitive meaning based
on political issues (Conover, Feldman, 265). These variances in political positions are called political attitudes, and fall on a spectrum between
extremely liberal and extremely conservative. Broadly speaking, this spectrum distinguishes what someone believes about social issues and
governments role in society. These beliefs are formed by a variation of aspects, which can include family, gender, religion, race, ethnicity,
socioeconomic status and region. Even things like behavior, core ideals and values, and ideology can affect people's political attitudes.
However, these opinions are not set in

Equality and Diversity
Describe the individual factors that make a person who they are, by giving examples of each of the following factors: a) Physical characteristics b)
Emotions c) Likes and dislikes d) Values and beliefs Each of us has different individual characteristics and factors, and it is the combination of these
that make up who we are. The individual factors are made up of physical characteristics (what people see –examples might be our size, build, colour of
hair or skin); emotions (the way in which you feel – examples might be confidence, shyness, an outgoing nature, or miserable); likes and dislikes
(things you enjoy doing or those that you avoid – examples might be work, hobbies, sporting activities, cooking / eating, socialising); and... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They may also choose to refer to themselves as being part of a particular cultural group, or as having particular cultural beliefs. For instance some
may choose to describe themselves according to age group (for instance a teenager or pensioner), or with reference to their standing in society or
perceived membership of a class group (working, middle or upper class), or perhaps with regard to their profession (for example tradesman, health
worker). The cultural characteristics can also link in to an individual's ideology or belief – it may be that they are a member of a particular belief
group, such as Scientology, and therefore cal themselves a Scientologist; or they describe themselves as being of a particular political persuasion ("I
am a Liberal"). Geographic characteristics – a person may describe themselves as being a member of a particular group based in a certain part of the
Country. For instance, a "Geordie", "Londoner", or "Northerner" and "Southerner". These groups carry with them a number of different identifiers:
This could be in terms of language and dialect used (one is often able to identify the geographic origin of those with particularly strong accents, or
those using particular phrases); it may also be in terms of cuisine enjoyed within that particular region, the local sport, or perhaps the local customs and
associated dress. In addition to these

The Help Movie Analysis
In the movie The Help, there are many characters portrayed and all of them follow their own set of motives to reach their goals. The movie, to me,
appears to be the cliche white shaming movie, and the creators are obviously left wing and want to preach the left wing status and show the
struggles we no longer face. Before I get into my character and categories I would like to discuss Left and Right Wing. Left Wing typically
believes that the government should have the utmost power and they are usually liberals, however, the Right Wing thinks the government should
have little to no power and that personal goals and power should be the top priority, these are what we usually call conservatives. The character
who I will be analyzing is Hilly Holbrook. Very quickly into the introduction of Hilly, she is portrayed as the "bad guy" or villian of the film
because again, this is a left wing film and Hilly is very clearly right wing. Like most characters in The Help, you can generally see their intended
values based on the color of clothing they are wearing, usually red, white, or blue. Hilly constantly wears red a color commonly associated with the
right wing, which continually paints her such throughout the film. The bipolar categories of her ideology are International vs. Nationalistic,
Democratic vs. Hierarchical, and Insiders vs. Outsiders. My first category in Hilly's ideology is International vs. Nationalistic. The international
outlook is more characteristic of left wing ideology. It tends to promote looking outward and trying to govern, and care for the entire world and its
peoples through aid or diplomacy. Also frequently sees everyone as equals. This makes the nationalistic approach, right wing. Nationalist are
strongly patriotic and see their nation as the best, they want to focus on making their people better and let others find their own path, they also view
others as lessers, not because they don't see them as equal but because some people work harder and therefore are more equal than others. I'm putting
Hilly in the nationalistic group because her outlook on other people and their nations. During one scene a maid asks her for money to help pay for
her boys college, Hilly doesn't pay for it and says

The Purpose Of Ideology
1.– ideology– Meaning and Philosophy
Ideology is a system of meaning that helps define and explain the world and that makes value judgements about that world. It refers not only to the
beliefs held about the world but also to the basic ways in which the world is defined (Croteau, Hoynes, and Milan 1953). "Ideology is a body of ideas
concerning economic, social and political values and goals which posit action programmes for attaining these goals."–Padelford and Lincoln
"Ideology is a cluster of ideas about life, society or government, which originates, in most cases, as consciously advocated dogmatically asserted social,
political or religious slogans or battle–cries and which through continuous usage and preaching's gradually become the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Link between ideology and media
The ideology of the media is broad and manifests in the communicativity of the media. To facilitate ideological analysis, however, the key is the fit
between the images and texts in a specific media output, plus the manner thought and discussion on social and cultural issues. Questions, however,
arise as to how the media content (shaped by ideologies) depict real life. This begs the question of function and ethics. The ideological analysis further
attempts to answer questions about what the media messages depict of the society and its people.
This underscores why politicians have long perceived mass media as a veritable channel of disseminating an ideology so that the society can mirror
itself against what the media feeds it and thus be manipulated. This further begs the question of whether the media is a contributor or otherwise to
societal problems in the face of political ideological dissemination.
Furthermore, the media and ideology are interconnected in the following ways (Asemah, 2011):
i.The media serves as a channel for communication of ideologies ii. Media function requires its representation of concepts of reality within and without
the local environment to the

Teaching And Learning, State Apparatuses, And Social...
Throughout this prospectus and study, there are numerous terms or concepts that will be used that have multiple definitions or unclear definitions.
Thus, the following definitions will be identified to provide a clear and distinct understanding of the use of terminology that will be used throughout
this prospectus and study. The following terms or concepts are defined: preservice teacher,ideology, beliefs about teaching and learning, state
apparatuses, repressive state apparatus, ideological state apparatuses, and social reproduction.
Preservice Teacher According to Kennedy (1999), a preservice teacher is a student that is currently enrolled in a teacher preparation program. Thus,
"Preservice teacher education is.... located squarely ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, they are typically 18 when they enter college and between 22 and 24 when they graduate (Dill & Henely, 1998; Justice & Dornan, 2001; Monroe,
2006). For these students, entering college is done for extrinsic reasons such as parental expectations and socialization (Justice & Dornan, 2001).
However, unlike nontraditional students, these students typically do not have the multiple roles of parent, employee, and student (Ely, 1997).
Traditional transfer students. According to the Monroe (2006), transfer students are most typically categorized with non–traditional students, but not
all transfer students are non–traditional students. Some transfer students–which I will term, traditional transfer students for clarity––are students who
enrolled in a college, university, or community college after graduating high school where they completed one to two years of course work or
graduated with an associate's degree and then transferred to a four year college or university to complete their degree or start a new degree (Cejda &
Kaylor, 2001; Monroe, 2006). Thus, these students are typically 18 when they enter college originally and between 22 and 24 when they graduate
with a degree from the transfer college or university. For these students, community college allows them the opportunity to get the skills and courses
needed at a lower tuition cost and easier admission (Andres & Carpenter, 1997; Cejda &

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