WOODROW BRIDGE PROJECT EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS 1 WOODROW WILSON BRIDGE PROJECT EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS 7 Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project Evaluation and Analysis Plan Procurement Management Analysis A. Inputs 1.Project management plan This is a document which is approved to define the way activities of a project will be executed, controlled and monitored. It can contain management plan subsidiary, baseline as well as their documents of planning. In Woodrow bridge, the project management plan highlighted the requirement of procurement in executing the contract and the period in which the project will take be completed (Schweitzer & Stephenson 2016). The key objectives outlined in this plan were to construct four adjacent interchanges as well as two side by side drawbridge. Apart from other identified resources, the total estimated amount required in executing the project was $ 2.479 billion. 2.Requirements documents. This is a document that contains all the project requirements as well as ensuring that those requirements are conforming to the needs of the stakeholders. This document aids in understanding what is required in the project so that the desired results are achieved. In the construction of this bridge, all details pertaining contract award such as requirements description needed in awarding the contract and their estimated costs, continuous updates, the contract status during the time of signing as well as the estimated time that the contract was to take, was found in these documents (Schweitzer & Stephenson 2016). 3.Risk register Risk register can be described as a tool used in documenting risks that are occurring in the project and the possible solutions or actions that will help in managing each risk. Once the risks are identified in the project, they are documented in the risk register. Woodrow bridge project plan did not come across any risk. Though in a normal circumstance, financial risks in most cases can be experienced in a large project such as this. For instance, the estimated budget for this project might not be able to fund the whole project to the end leading to delays in the whole project activity. The conflict between the project team members or the managers can be a risk which can interfere with the project activity. Talk about the environmental issues they faced ? 4.Activity resource requirement. This can be described as the different type of resources required in each activity in a given package of a project such as an amount, quantities, level of skills of the resource required to participate in a project. Woodrow Bridge was measured to cover 7.5 miles where each of the four approaches was allocated a different amount depending on the nature and the type of the activity so that the contractors are able to execute the project without difficulties. For instance, the district of Colombia was allocated $16 million, Virginia was allocated $ 587 million, Maryland was allocated $ .

1. WOODROW BRIDGE PROJECT EVALUATION AND
ANALYSIS 1
WOODROW WILSON BRIDGE PROJECT EVALUATION
AND ANALYSIS
7
Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project Evaluation and Analysis
Plan Procurement Management Analysis
A. Inputs
1.Project management plan
This is a document which is approved to define the way
activities of a project will be executed, controlled and
monitored. It can contain management plan subsidiary, baseline
as well as their documents of planning. In Woodrow bridge, the
project management plan highlighted the requirement of
procurement in executing the contract and the period in which
the project will take be completed (Schweitzer & Stephenson
2016). The key objectives outlined in this plan were to construct
four adjacent interchanges as well as two side by side
drawbridge. Apart from other identified resources, the total
estimated amount required in executing the project was $ 2.479
billion.
2.Requirements documents.
This is a document that contains all the project requirements as
well as ensuring that those requirements are conforming to the
needs of the stakeholders. This document aids in understanding
what is required in the project so that the desired results are
achieved. In the construction of this bridge, all details
pertaining contract award such as requirements description

2. needed in awarding the contract and their estimated costs,
continuous updates, the contract status during the time of
signing as well as the estimated time that the contract was to
take, was found in these documents (Schweitzer & Stephenson
2016).
3.Risk register
Risk register can be described as a tool used in documenting
risks that are occurring in the project and the possible solutions
or actions that will help in managing each risk. Once the risks
are identified in the project, they are documented in the risk
register. Woodrow bridge project plan did not come across any
risk. Though in a normal circumstance, financial risks in most
cases can be experienced in a large project such as this. For
instance, the estimated budget for this project might not be able
to fund the whole project to the end leading to delays in the
whole project activity. The conflict between the project team
members or the managers can be a risk which can interfere with
the project activity. Talk about the environmental issues they
faced ?
4.Activity resource requirement.
This can be described as the different type of resources required
in each activity in a given package of a project such as an
amount, quantities, level of skills of the resource required to
participate in a project. Woodrow Bridge was measured to cover
7.5 miles where each of the four approaches was allocated a
different amount depending on the nature and the type of the
activity so that the contractors are able to execute the project
without difficulties. For instance, the district of Colombia was
allocated $16 million, Virginia was allocated $ 587 million,
Maryland was allocated $ 329million and federal funds $ 1,
544million. This project was divided into (sub-projects)define
them? because of the amount of work involved and assigned to
different contractors (Shane, et al. 2009).

3. 5.Project schedule
A project schedule is a communication tool which
communicates the work needed to be done, the type of resources
of the organization that will perform the work, and the time
when the work is needed to be performed. In other words, a
project schedule reflects all kinds of work related to completing
the project on time. In the year 2001, Woodrow Bridge was
scheduled to start where each phase had its own start and finish
time. Emphasis was made on each phase taking exactly the
allocated time since the delay on one phase will affect the
whole project plan. What did it end up at?
6.Activity cost estimate
This entails those costs such as direct and indirect associated
with required resources to complete the project. Woodrow
bridge project team was given a role of providing an estimated
amount of every contract in the project. The estimation of costs
was done according to the bridge authority requirement. It is
through the activity cost estimates that led to the total estimated
cost of the whole project. Activity cost estimates also include
controlling those costs so as to complete the project within the
allocated funds. What was the estimated cost and budget?
7.Stakeholder register
A stakeholder register is a document in the project management
that contains all the stakeholders' information in the project. It
gives identity to the people, groups, as well as the organizations
that have interest or involvement in the project. The project
authority of Woodrow Bridge identified the government
agencies like the department of transport, administration of
Maryland state highway, federal state highway as well as the
district of Colombia public works department that funded the
whole project and the public users who needed an efficient
bridge to ease transportation. Identify some risk you would

4. expect?
8.Enterprise environmental factors
Enterprise environmental factors can be defined as all external
and internal factors that can influence the project success. For
instance, government regulations, culture, weather condition,
market condition, political situation among other factors.
Government regulations were one of the factors that influenced
Woodrow bridge project. The regulation required the awarding
of the contract to be controlled or regulated by state laws of
procurement. Economic factors were also evident where some of
the contractors quoted high prices during bidding and this led to
the delay of the whole project for a period of six months.
9.Organizational process assets.
Organizational process assets can be defined as policies,
processes, procedures and plans and knowledge, employed by
the performing organization. The coordination committee
Woodrow bridge project designed some policies and procedures
that helped to control the whole project activity. For instance,
competitive bidding was a procedure employed in determining
the methods of procurement (Shahawy, 2003).
B. Tools and techniques
1.Make or buy analysis
In project management, the managers of the project are required
to make strategic decisions during the procurement of goods and
services from suppliers. The decisions of the management team
of the project can either outsource or make the product
depending on the complexity of the project or the items. In the
Woodrow bridge project, the project management team decided
on a buy decision since the project was very complex. The
project team invited bidder to place their bid, where they were

5. evaluated according to the requirement outlined in the
procurement documents and the successful contractors were
given the mandate to execute the project (Shane, et al. 2009).
Focus on what a contractor would make or buy , not the owner?
2.Expert judgment.
Expert judgment can be defined as a technique used to provide
judgment based on a specific pair of strategy or criteria or
expert with specific knowledge on a given area such as
application area, a particular discipline or industry. Woodrow
bridge coordination committee of the construction relied on the
expert knowledge from federal agencies and building
consultants, like the transport regulation board and the African
Automobile Association. The project was executed with less
conflict between because of the involvement of the experts in
the area of conflict resolution, where they encouraged
teamwork, trust, open communication, and respect. The
judgment of the experts helped in making decisions which were
useful in executing the project.
3.Market research
This is a type of research done by the managers of the project in
order to evaluate the project ideas. The marketing research
started with a description of the concept of the project taking
into consideration the needs and demand of public users
(Shahawy, 2003). Woodrow bridge project coordination
committee took a research on whether the project is viable or
not. Since the bridge was constructed due to the demand of the
public, the committee needed to be sure that what was
constructed is exactly what the public needed. The committee
did the research with the help of the transport research board.
The research also helped to determine that the old bridge
required an expansion since it was not meeting the transport
demands. What did they focus on in their research?
4.Meetings

6. The meeting is a regular activity involving everybody who is
interested in the project in communicating with the stakeholders
or participants through discussing issues, rejecting or approving
offers, making proposals, in order to build teamwork to help
execute the project in a more easy way. It is evident that the
Woodrow Bridge project when the federal highway
administration was organizing a meeting before and during the
execution of the project. Since this project was managed by
special stakeholders, contractors and financiers, meetings were
necessary to give updates and the challenges in the execution of
the project, as well as giving the reports about the progress
(Schweitzer & Stephenson 2016).
C. Output
1.Procurement management plan
Procurement management plan is part of the overall plan of the
project management. This document outlined the procurement
processes such as initiating a request, developing the
requirements, approval of the requests, purchasing authority,
bid review, responsibility of the contract management,
requirements of the closure of the contract as well as the
flowchart of the procurement process, there was responsibilities
and roles, of the project management team, identification of the
procurement needs, timing and vendor processes. In Woodrow
bridge project, the procurement management plan offered
directions on how procedures, processes, people, and resources
should be incorporated into work in order to achieve the project
goals. It was documented that after the award of the contract to
the successful contractors, they were to use their available
resource in executing the contract and within the specified
duration, within the budget, following the regulations of
procurement stipulated (Kiker, et al. 2005).

7. 2.Procurement statement of work
Procurement statement of work describes the procured in detail
in order to permit the prospective sellers to know whether they
can provide the required deliverables and the products. In
Woodrow bridge construction, the project was divided into
sections where different contractors were granted a specific
portion of work as per their ability. The evaluation of every
contactor’s activity will be done by the project coordination
committee as per the requirements in the procurement statement
of work. What were they?
3.Procurement documents
Procurement documents are the contractual agreement or
relationship between the seller and the suppliers, it entails both
input and output techniques and tools that are required during
the bidding process and submission of the proposals of the
project. In Woodrow bridge construction, every contractor was
required to have possession of procurement documents as assign
of an agreement entered (Kiker, et al. 2005). The complexity of
the project could not allow any form of compromising activities
that will lead to project failure. All documents from the
advertisement of the contract to the contract agreement and
documents of payments made were in the custody of the federal
highway administration.
4.Sources selection criteria
This is the characteristics or attributes desired by the buyer to a
seller in order to meet or exceed the requirement of the
selection processes. All the contractors of Woodrow Bridge
were selected based on certain attributes which they were to
meet or exceed, as stipulated in the procurement documents.
They included technical capabilities and approach, financial
capacity among others. Do you know what the criteria was?
5.Make or buy decision

8. This is strategic choices made by the project management team
on whether to buy or make their items to be used in the project.
In most cases, the decisions on either to buy or make a product
are determined by the type of the project (Fudala & Fontaine,
2010). Woodrow bridge project was complex and therefore, the
federal highway administration made a buy decision. As
discussed early, they invited qualified bidders to place their
bids, thereafter, evaluation was performed to determine the
qualified contractors. After the selection, the contractors were
to execute the contract as per the requirements.
6.Change requests
This is a formal proposal to alter some products, systems or
processes in the project. They normally arise in the case where
the client wants to alter the already agreed deliverables of the
project. For instance, it can be a change in the material used,
processes and the like. In Woodrow bridge project, a change
request was made on the material used that is from steel box
girders to using plate girders. Another agreement was to be
made and adjustments between the procuring body and the
contractors in order to capture the changes (Fudala & Fontaine,
2010).
7.Project documents updates
It is required of the project management team to review the
project on regular bases in order to make updates in the
documents as the project progresses. The updates are made to
ensure that the project execution is done as per the requirement.
It is important to update or record every piece of complete
work. In Woodrow bridge project, it was not very clear in the
available information whether or not the updates were made.
But to the best of my knowledge, a complex project such as
this, could not be executed as per the requirements without
updating the project documents (Shane, et al. 2009).

9. References
Fudala, N. J., & Fontaine, M. D. (2010). Work zone variable
speed limit systems effectiveness and system design issues(No.
FHWA/VTRC 10-R20). Virginia Transportation Research
Council.
Kiker, G. A., Bridges, T. S., Varghese, A., Seager, T. P., &
Linkov, I. (2005). Application of multicriteria decision analysis
in environmental decision making. Integrated environmental
assessment and management, 1(2), 95-108.
Schweitzer, L., & Stephenson Jr, M. (2016). Planning,
development, and media: A case study of the Woodrow Wilson
bridge. Journal of Planning Education and Research, 36(2), 239-
254.
Shahawy, M. (2003). Prefabricated Bridge Elements and
Systems to Limit Traffic Disruption During Construction (Vol.
324). Transportation Research Board.
Shane, J. S., Molenaar, K. R., Anderson, S., & Schexnayder, C.
(2009). Construction project cost escalation factors. Journal of
Management in Engineering, 25(4), 221-229.
Plan Procurement Management Analysis for (Woodrow Wilson
Bridge Project, Washington, DC)
Find all the information for each point below regarding the
Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project, Washington, DC
Fill in the information for each point below if you couldn’t find
the information for a certain point then put in a suggestion of
how it should have been done for the Woodrow Wilson Bridge
Project, Washington, DC

10. A. Inputs
1. Project management plan
2. Requirements documentation
3. Risk register
4. Activity resource requirements
5. Project schedule
6. Activity cost estimates
7. Stakeholder register
8. Enterprise environmental factors
9. Organizational process assets
B. Tools & Techniques
1. Make-or-buy analysis
2. Expert judgment
3. Market research
4. Meetings
C. Outputs
1. Procurement management plan
2. Procurement statement of work
3. Procurement documents
4. Source selection criteria
5. Make-or-buy decisions
6. Change requests
7. Project documents updates

11. Woodrow Wilson Bridge Project Evaluation and Analysis
Inputs
Project Management Plan
A project management plan was drawn to highlight the
procurement requirement and the time over which the project
should be completed. It set out the two main objectives for
constructing the bridge to construct a two drawbridges side by
side and four interchanges that are adjacent. The funds required
for the project were determined as $1.581 billion with the
sources identified ("Woodrow Wilson Bridge, Potomac River,
Maryland, Virginia", 2018).
Requirements Documentation
The details of each contract that was to be awarded in the
construction of the bridge were documented. The details
documented included a description of the requirements of the all
the contracts awarded, their estimated costs, the status of the
contract as at the contract signing and continuous updates and

12. the estimated duration over which the contract was expected to
be completed ("Woodrow Wilson Bridge, Potomac River,
Maryland, Virginia", 2018).
Risk Register
The project plan did not identify any plans. However, large
projects like these are associated with budgeting risks. The
budgets estimates may not be able to fund the project to its
completion which may distract project work. With the project
also managed by a two-tier team, it was prone to conflict risks
between the two teams ("Woodrow Wilson-Bridge -
Construction", n.d).
Activity Resource Requirements
This analyzes all resources and quantities required in the
project. The area of coverage by the bridge was determined as
7.5 miles. Each of the four approach spans was allocated funds
that would enable the contractors to acquire all requirements.
Due to the large amount of work, the project was split into sub-
projects and assigned to different contractors ("Woodrow
Wilson-Bridge - Construction", n.d).
Project Schedule
All projects are designed to start on determined date and end
after a given duration. The Woodrow Wilson-Bridge was
scheduled to begin in the year 2000 upon which each phase was
allocated its own time of completion. A successive phase would
start after the completion of the contract. This was emphasized
since a delay in one would affect the whole project plan as it
was designed ("Woodrow Wilson-Bridge - Construction", n.d).
Activity Cost Estimates
The project team was mandated to provide an estimated figure
for every contract within the project. All costs were estimated
according to the requirements of the bridge authority. The
estimates were then accumulated to arrive at the total estimate
for the whole project. The costs estimates were therefore
controlled to ensure that they were not higher than expected.

13. Stakeholder Register
The stakeholder registers in project management documents the
details of all the people, organizations and groups that have an
interest in the project. The Woodrow Wilson-Bridge project
authority identified the public user needs of a more efficient
bridge. It also identified the government agencies that funded
the project such as the state Department of Transport, Federal
Highway Administration, Maryland State Highway
Administration and the District of Columbia Department of
Public Works ("Woodrow Wilson-Bridge - Construction", n.d).
Enterprise Environmental Factors
These refer to either external or internal environmental issues
that may affect the success of the project. The Woodrow
Wilson-Bridge project was influenced by external factors such
as government regulations which required the contracts awarded
to be regulated by the procurement laws of the state. It was also
influenced by economic factors since some contractors would
quote high amounts in their bids which at some point delayed
the project for six months ("Woodrow Wilson Bridge, Potomac
River, Maryland, Virginia", 2018).
Organizational Process Assets
The plans, policies, knowledge bases, processes and procedures
used in carrying out a project are process assets. The project
was controlled by procedures and policies that were designed by
the Woodrow Wilson-Bridge project coordination committee
which was led by the FHWA. One of the procedures was the
procurement method used in the project which was purely
competitive bidding ("Woodrow Wilson-Bridge - Construction",
n.d).
Tools and Techniques
Make-or-Buy Analysis
Outsourcing is best preferred when an organization is not able
to provide the facilities required or cannot produce commodities
that meet the required quality. In the case of Woodrow Wilson
Bridge, the interagency committed settled for the buy decision.
As it can be seen, the committee mandated with the construction

14. of the bridge used invited several contractors who did the
construction from start to completion. This was the best
decision due to the complexity of the project ("Woodrow
Wilson Bridge, Potomac River, Maryland, Virginia", 2018).
Expert judgment
The construction coordination committee depended on an expert
judgment from consultants and other federal agencies such as
the American Automobile Association, the Transport
Regulations Board. Their judgments on the project execution
were incorporated in the management of the project ensure that
it was a viable project. Expert judgment helps in making sound
decisions that cool down concerns from project stakeholders
(“Case Study - Woodrow Wilson-Bridge in Maryland and
Virginia, n.d).
Market Research
The Federal Highway Administration which led the project
coordination committee began to research on the viability of the
project. The Transport Research Board helped in determining
the suitability of the project. It is through this research that it
was discovered that the old bridge did not meet the transport
needs hence an expansion was necessary thus recommended the
project (“Case Study - Woodrow Wilson-Bridge in Maryland
and Virginia, n.d).
Meetings
It was the role of the Federal Highway Administration to
organize meetings before the project started and during the
execution period. The project was managed by a two-tier
committee which comprised of the financiers, contractors and
special stakeholders. During the meetings, the challenges and
updates on the construction will be discussed with the
contractors reporting the progress of their work (“Case Study -
Woodrow Wilson-Bridge in Maryland and Virginia, n.d).
Outputs
Procurement Management Plan
A procurement management plan provides guidelines on how
processes, procedures, resources and people will be put into

15. work to execute the project. It was stipulated that once the
constructor was awarded the contract, they were to apply their
resources to execute the contract as agreed and within the
allocated period. All costs in the project were supposed to be
within the procurement regulations (Schweitzer & Stephenson,
2015).
Procurement Statement of Work
The project was split into phases and awarded to different
constructors. Each contract entailed its specific work that was
to be completed. Constructors were, therefore, to carry out the
portions of work as it was specified in their contract
agreements. The procurement statement of work was developed
by the project coordinating committee, and they would evaluate
each contract as the statement indicated (Schweitzer &
Stephenson, 2015).
Procurement Documents
Every contract entered into must have procurement documents
as proof of the agreements made. Since Woodrow Wilson-
Bridge project was complex, documentation was highly
significant. All agreements and payments made were recorded
the Federal Highway Administration providing custody of the
documents. The documentation started from advertisements of
the contract until the completion agreement (Schweitzer &
Stephenson, 2015).
Source Selection Criteria
The source selection criteria identified the attributes that the
constructors were supposed to have before bidding for the
contract. These attributes were contained in the procurement
documents thus the constructors would examine their resources
and facilities and establish whether they were able to meet the
contract needs. Special needs such as the use of special
materials like steel are also addressed here.
Make-or-buy decisions
The decision to make or buy decision for the project was

16. determined by the complexity of the project. The Federal
Highway Administration made the buy decision when they
decided to use competitive bidding to award the contracts. The
coordinating committee after awarding the contract had no
business with knowing the decisions made by the constructors
as long as they had agreed to deliver the work as expected.
Change Requests
A change request is used by the parties in a contract to call for
an adjustment in the processes, resources or materials used in
the executing the work. One of the notable change requests was
made to change from using steel box girders to use steel plate
girders. This happened during the contract thus an agreement
was to be made between the contractor and the procuring entity
("Woodrow Wilson-Bridge, Potomac River, Maryland,
Virginia", 2018).
Project Documents Updates
Updates to project documents are done from time to time during
the execution period. These updates ensure that the project
progress is verifiable since they record what portion of work is
completed. Updates in the Woodrow Wilson Project must have
been given although it cannot be determined through the
available information ("Woodrow Wilson-Bridge, Potomac
River, Maryland, Virginia", 2018).
Reference
Case Study - Woodrow Wilson-Bridge in Maryland and
Virginia. (n.d) – Transport Research Board. Retrieved October
4, 2018, from
http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/shrp2/SHRP2_CS_C01_Wil
sonBridge.pdf. (Pdf file).
Schweitzer, L., & Stephenson, M. (2015). Planning,
Development, and Media. Journal of Planning Education and
Research,36(2), 239-254. doi:10.1177/0739456x15620280.
Woodrow Wilson-Bridge - Construction. (n.d). Retrieved
October 4, 2018, from http://capital-beltway.com/Woodrow-

17. Wilson-Bridge-Const.html#LATEST_UPDATE.
Woodrow Wilson Bridge, Potomac River, Maryland, Virginia.
(2018). Retrieved October 4, 2018, from
https://www.roadtraffic-
technology.com/projects/woodrow_wilson/.