Modern European History And Politics

Modern European History And Politics
Modern European History and Politics: Short Essay
On the 26th of June 1963, the 35th President of the United States John F. Kennedy delivered to a massive crowd one of his most memorable speeches
in Berlin, Germany. Standing in front of the infamous Berlin Wall President Kennedy's speech 'Ich bin ein Berliner' contrasted democracy and freedom
(West Germany) with the repression of communist (East Germany), it left a big impression on Germany during the Cold War.
After World War Two Adolf Hitler's Third Reich was divided into the German east; communist and Germany west; democratic. President Kennedy's
speech addressed Germany's separation of the east and the west. Eastern Germany had the support of the Soviet Union President Kennedy and the
United States of America decided to support Western Germany.
President Kennedy's support of West Germany became public after the Vienna summit of President Kennedy's meeting with the Russian politician
Nikita Khrushchev who at the time served as the First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. After the Bay of Pigs Khrushchev
thought President Kennedy was young, naГЇve and inexperienced and thought he would be easily manipulated, Khrushchev threatened to sign a
separate peace treaty with East Germany which would have given the Soviet Union control over Berlin's access and the position of the NATO
(Northern Atlantic Treaty Organisation) forces in the city indefensible (Cross, p.130 1992)
President Kennedy and Khrushchev
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

European Photography History
Before photography impacted the European world, many people thought that use of a bulky camera was trivial. Not until later in the 19th century did
people give the idea of photography a chance. Photography was a significant innovation in European History because it allowed individuals to see the
disarray that occurred in the world, gave light to the growing improvement of technology, and assisted photographers in capturing priceless scenes.
Prior to the use of photography, paintings, drawings, and sculptures were the main means of documenting important events. (Collins, 14) Due to
photography, these simple documents were transformed into something that allowed all people to see the destruction and hurt that was occurring in the
European world ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Robert Capa was a Hungarian photographer who captured crucial moments of war and is the most infamous war photographer. Capa captured
numerous pictures of the war which helped people understand the turmoil that occurred in the rest of the world. Moreover, Henri Bresson, a French
photojournalist, mastered the art of what people know as the candid photo. Bresson had great impact on many other painters and photographers
(Collins, 6). David Seymour was a Polish photographer who pictured the gruesome events that happened in the Spanish War (Collins, 14). Lastly,
George Rodger, a British photographer, documented the horrid pictures at the Bergen Belsen Concentration Camp (Collins, 7). This allowed people to
see that not everything was right in the world because of the gruesome images. Due to these photographers, European people were able to see the
horrible events that happened throughout the whole

European History: Long Before Columbus
Long before Columbus the Europeans had been trading goods with the Far East. This all had stated with Marco Polo an Italian merchant who began a
journey to Asia in 1271 (cite). The Asian islands especially China and India had abundance of spice, gold and silk making them an attractive
destination for European nations to trade (cite). These valuable Asian goods had helpedEurope make big profits for eras. However at the end of the
15th century, it was nearly impossible to reach Asia from Europe by land, because Arabs had dominated the trade routes through the Middle East,
which had made traveling eastward very difficult (cite). Therefore European rulers wanted to find safer, and a faster trade routes to Asia so their
economy could once again

A Linguistic Term For Indo European And Indian History
ARYANS
'Aryan' is a linguistic term for 'Indo–European' (Robert & Westad 2014a). The Aryans brought to India no culture so advanced as that of Harappans
(Robert & Westad 2014a). When the Aryans appear writing disappeared and does not come back until the middle of the first millennium BCE. Cities
were reinvented by the Aryans, which lack the elaboration and order of the gridded pattern of Harappans (Robert & Westad 2014a). When the Aryans
migrated into the Indus Valley they brought with them a culture that was very different from any other region (Breyer 2004). The invaders had two
contributions to Indian history; it's formal history and its social institutions (Robert & Westad 2014a). One of the biggest social institutions that the
Aryans brought to India was the unique social structure; in their system every class had a duty to their society (Breyer 2004). Originally there were
only three main classes or Varnas, but this changed to fit the civilisation in which they controlled (Breyer 2004). Asreligion and rituals were a major
part of Indian life, it was only fitting that the priests and scholars were the highest class (Beyer 2004). They were called the Brahmans (Breyer
2004). Under the Brahmans were the ruling class or the Kshatriyas; this also included nobles and warriors (Breyer 2004). The third class was made up
of the commoners they were called the Vaisyas. It was the fourth class that the servants and peasants made up, called Sudras. It was later on where
another

Looking Into Rome : Early European History
Sami Stoll Dr. McAlister Early European History 06 October 2014 Looking into Rome Walking around the streets of Rome all you could see for
miles was pure bliss, there was so much life and energy to take in and enjoy. Since, I was younger, my mother would tell me stories of Rome and the
beauty of the city. As I arrived, I was filled with excitement and nervousness, the culture was thriving all around me, I could not contain myself. When
I was walking, the only thing to come to mind was the culture, it moved me, it made me feel alive. Everyone was happy and busy running around, all
around me was prosperity and creativity. Bustling on the street were markets and artists creating pieces and selling their handiwork. In Rome, you
could breathe... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Other factors, aside from their clothes, also make the class system apparent in this society. The attitudes of the wealthy and poor are incredibly
different, which is shown through how they wear their clothes. It is very obvious that the wealthy, higher class hold themselves to higher standards
and look down upon those in the lower classes. The quality of their clothes, accessories, and hygiene are much better than the less fortunate people.
It is terribly sad to see but the higher class, have beautiful clothing that make you want to reach out and touch to see if it is real. Latin is the spoken
language in Rome; unless one is fluent in the language, it may be difficult to get around. Latin is a very unique language, and is unlike any other;
while some languages are similar to others and can be partially picked up by listeners (like English and Spanish), you will most likely be unable to
understand full conversations with local Romans. Having a small background in linguistics or taking some time to learn Latin basics will definitely
help you blend in as a Roman citizen, and I highly recommend that as well! Becoming fluent in Latin is the best option to avoid being seen as an
outsider in this culture. The household structures are also different within the families in Roman culture. Each member of the family has different
expectations and ideals that they are held to. Like many other

Essay on European Music History
Questions to Consider: Europe
1. How is the history of European and Arabic cultural contact reveal through musical characteristics in places such as Spain and Bulgaria?
In Spain, the authentic flamenco had just a singer. It had a strained type of timbre and melisma was used a lot. It shows that there was Arabic influence
because they also had that type of style. And because they also used a guitar as accompaniment, it showed there was European influence because they
liked harmony. Bulgarian music also had harmonies but with voices. This was a European characteristic. Their music is very colorful and lively and I
think that was Arabic influence.
2. What defines a music as "classical" as opposed to "folk" in the European context? How ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An easy to play folk instrument is the hurdy gurdy. In the text it even says it's "foolproof". To play it, you just have to turn a crank and press some keys.
A folk instrument needing more advanced techniques is the uilleann. It's from Ireland and it is the more complex type of bagpipes in the world. It is
complicating because it requires a lot of coordination. A player has to use both of his arms and hands at the same time.
5. How are music and musical instruments used to express national identity in Europe?
I think the music and musical instruments expresses national identity in Europe because there are different styles of music according to where they are
from in Europe. And different countries have different types of instruments. For example the bagpipes in Scotland. Many people recognize music with
pipes to be from Scotland or Ireland. Spain has flamenco and Russia has their balalaika. They all express their nationality and where they are from. The
countries in Europe have different types of musical styles that are distinct to their own country and culture.
6. Is language a reliable demarcation of musical style in Europe? Why or why not?
I don't think language is a reliable separation of musical style in Europe because even if people from different countries speak the same languages,
they might have different types of styles. For example, Ireland and Scotland are grouped together but their music is a bit different. They both play

Medieval European History Metanode
This is a piece of the Medieval "European History Metanode". Exchange in addition to town had decline in "Europe" amid the early "Frankish Empire"
and the Carolingian Dynasty. Exchange started to bounce back in Italy around "900 CE". The "Venetians" started long
–separation exchange with the
"Byzantines" and the "Moslems" they sent out salt grain wine and glass and imported silk flavors,and extravagances. "Amalti" "Piza" and "Genoa"
went with the same pattern. The Crusade be a protection to the "Italian economy" on the grounds that they transported fighters and products, and
exchanged with the "Latin Kingdom" of "Jerusalem" "Damascus" and "Baghdad". "Flanders" drove the route in the North,starting around "950". They
produced fabric on the "Rhine River" near "England". "Flanders" turned into a portal for exchange. Britain thusly turned into a critical supplier of
crude fleece. "France" and "Spain" trade wine to the "British" isle the "British" Isle complete them by means of granule and "Scandanavia" sent hides
timber and you got it herring toward the "South".... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These admissions were held in an open space with corner for the dealers the Count supplied moneychangers a "police drive" and "judges" to settle
debate. The Count got a business charge on all products rent for the stalls fines from those sentenced law violations and commission from the
moneychangers. "Southern" and "Northern" exchange met up at these fairs and soon different districts held fairs also. "Italians" turned into the
predominant shippers and in the end they imagined banks so that their vendors wouldn't need to bring gold florins through

History of Hungary and the European Union
The Effects on Hungary as a New Member Nation in the European Union
Team 5
Paul Davis
Gulizar Halis
Kristin Hanlon
Alyson Heller
Overview/History of Hungary and the European Union The nation of Hungary is a country that has come a long way in a short period of time. In the
years since the fall of communism in 1989 in this country, Hungary has managed to establish an extremely prosperous economy and population.
Because of this, Hungary has developed into one of Eastern EuropeВЎВЇs most attractive business environments. ВЎВ°The level of political, structural
and economic stability it has achieved demonstrates the success of its transition into a modern market economy. ВЎВ± This stability has allowed for
Hungary to become a member ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1990, free elections were held, the first in 45 years, completing the establishment of parliamentary democracy in Hungary. ВЎВ°The new National
Assemblies and the coalition governments formed after the elections committed themselves to the establishment and stabilization of the political,
economic and legal foundations of the systemic change. ВЎВ± The occurrences in Hungary helped to bring about the demise of communist rule in
several other countries in Eastern and Central Europe as well. After non–Communists came to power, ВЎВ°the country accelerated the pace of
free–market reforms. ВЎВ±The government was successful in attracting foreign investment, and by 1993 Hungary accounted for more than half of all
foreign direct investment in Eastern Europe. ВЎВ°Since 1989, the private sector has grown from approximately 20% to over 80% of the GDP, and
nearly 2,000 state–owned companies were privatized. ВЎВ± One of the main attractions of Hungary is that is has a developed ВЎВ°western–style
business infrastructureВЎВ± available at one of the lowest costs in Central and Eastern Europe.
Most of the businesses in Hungary are headquarter in and around the capital city of Budapest. The main industries of the Hungarian are in industrial
production of high–tech products such as computers, telecommunication equipment, and electronic consumer goods like televisions. Another important
industry in Hungary is the automotive industry with motor vehicle

Turning Points In European History
Age of exploration is a phrase that is commonly associated with one of the most significant turning points in European history. The cultivation of cash
crops as well as the trade of gold found in the Americas brought wealth and power to Europe that hadn't been experienced in the past. Countries such
as Portugal and Spain transformed from small nations to major world powers during this period of time. With that being said, the discovery of the
New World played an integral role in solidifying the wealth and status of Christian European nations and raising the quality of life of their people.
The catalyst to this desire to explore and expand in Europe was most likely the growing strength of the Ottoman empire coming from the east. The
conquest of the major city Constantinople, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Portugal was the first nation to put forth effort in exploring Africa and Asia. Initially the goal for the Portuguese was to find routes to India, but along
the way they discovered that the land on the coast of Africa would be the ideal place to grow sugar cane. Portuguese began to set up plantations and
used slave labor from central Africa. It was this system that the Spanish and the Portuguese would utilize in the west later on.
Going forward in history to Christopher Columbus and his journey westward in hopes of reaching India, the effects of the age of conquest become
quite evident. Columbus' journey backed by king Ferdinand and queen Isabella of Spain in hopes that he would find enough valuables to cover the
funding of a

Advanced Placement European History
#3 Affinity. This concept can be visually represented by water and its ability to take the shape of any container. So when my father introduced me to
this concept, my intellectual arrogance dismissed it, seeing no value in creating a connection with others. However, seeking solace in cold logic and
thinking made me a callous individual on the outside. Thereby depriving me of being able to communicate all of my ideas to others. Despite being
around so many people, I might as well have been drifting through the desert, always feeling alone. It got to the point to which I had a change of heart
and decide to understand affinity. Initially, I failed to see how I could create a connection with others through resemblance in structure and finally...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In high school, I felt that a vital part of my education was missing my freshman year since we did not have to take any social studies class. This
made me feel like we had been cheated in some way. So, when I had the choice of taking college prep World History or Advanced Placement
European History the following year, I chose to take AP because I felt like history should be something challenging that forces one to think and
question information. I knew it would be rigorous, but if history doesn't make you think critically, it carries no meaning. However, the first semester
didn't go well and I failed. Frustrated by this failure and feeling powerless, I dug in my heels the second semester and began to study more and yet
still wasn't getting the answers right. On the night before the AP European Test, I made one final attempt to atone for my lackluster study skills earlier
in the year by reading my textbook cover–to–cover. It worked because I passed with a three on the AP exam and felt motivated to do better come
eleventh grade. I no longer stayed up all night or had to read the textbooks cover–to–cover for AP US History class or AP English Language and
Composition class. Although not my first language, I had an adequate command of the English language and crafting my words in a unique way. I
had been studying U.S. History and so I giggled with glee when I saw the essay topics, confident I would excel. When I received my test results this
past July, I thought to myself, "It's bizarre to have learned so much about a place that isn't your own

1492 Ap European History Essay
The 15th century marks the start of a revolutionary time for Europe. As the European nations began to try to stabilize themselves by building up their
economies, governments, and societies a phase of new religions and the conflict that would come from them would occur, thereby altering Europe and
the lives of all its people. But, the period of greatest success, wealth, and expansion of knowledge, truly stems from the Age of Exploration. Which
reached its pinnacle in 1492. The year 1492 best represents the greatest turning point in European History from the 15th – 17th centuries because, the
revolutionary expansion into the rest of the world and the vast change brought about from New World discoveries implemented into Old World
lifestyles, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would be the finale of the reconquista, the end Islamic rule. Power would be returned to Christian royals, Ferdinand and Isabella. This constant
push for widespread Christianity best shows how strongly devoted Europeans were to religion. The reconquista been going on for centuries its main
objective being the expulsion of Muslims and Jews. Unlike 1555 which represents an enormous religious yet politically motivated shift, with the Peace
of Augsburg, allowing princes to choose the religion of their people, 1492 exemplifies the strong long held, unforgiving Christian faith, and how
dedicated Europeans were to their God. This point represents a constant in the year, something that would continue to persist, rather than a shift away
from it, towards new

A Brief History of European Integration
NATO and European Union
A BRIEF HISTORY OF EUROPEAN INTEGRATION
Until it crystallized into a political concept and became the long–term goal of the Member States of the European Community, the European idea was
unknown to all but philosophers and visionaries. The notion of a United States of Europe was part of a humanistic–pacifistic dream which was
shattered by the conflicts which brought so much destruction to the European continent in the first half of this century. The vision of a new Europe
which would transcend national antagonism finally emerged from the resistance movements which had sprung up to resist totalitarianism during the
Second World War. Altiero Spinelli, the Italian federalist and Jean Monnet, the man who... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Community expanded southwards with the accession of Greece in 1981 and Spain and Portugal in 1986. These enlargements made it even more
imperative to implement structural programmes designed to reduce the disparities between the Twelve in terms of economic development.
During this period the Community began to play a more important role internationally, signing new agreements with countries in the southern
Mediterranean and countries in Africa, the Caribbean and the Pacific, which were linked to the Community by four successive Lome Conventions
(1975, 1979, 1984, 1989).
With the agreement signed in Marrakesh on 14 April 1994 , between all the member of GATT, world trade has embarked on a new phase of its
development. The European Union, negotiating as a bloc, endeavoured throughout to put its stamp on the negotiations and to have its interest prevail.
On 1 January 1995 three new countries joined the European Union. Austria, Finland and Sweden endow the Union with their distinctive contributions
and create new dimensions for it in the heart of central Europe and in northern Europe.
Already the world's major trading power, the Union is now working on developing structures which would give it higher profile on the international
stage, the aim being to introduce a common

Women in European History
Women and Communal Strikes in the Crisis of 1917 – 1922 An interesting fact concerning the protests by working class in the period during and
succeeding WWI was not initial demands for revolutionary change or worker's rights, but instead forcing government to provide basic life necessities
of food and shelter during times of rationing. Though there were differences in geography and outcomes, the goal was the same in demanding survival
over social and economic change. The politicization of these movements did not occur until their male counterparts, who did hold memberships in
unions and radical political groups, sympathized with their female equivalents and participated in these marches did violence or government
crackdowns occur. It was... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally after days passed and attempts to appease them, women fed up along with male workers managed to put the city on hold due to massive
walkouts. The initial goal of obtaining food morphed into anti–war demonstrations that caused the government to send in military to violently subdued
the crowd. While it maintained neutrality from the war, Spanish economy still relied on feeding foreign armies which distraught the women of
Malaga. They lacked political aspirations and knowledge, yet in January 1918 acted upon "female consciousness" to counter the unfair economic
policies on food. Seizing the port, the food stored there was distributed it amongst themselves. These women actually spoke out against the
involvement of men due to fears of violent crackdowns. Eventually women of all social classes joined in as they saw the march as a demonstration
for women's right. Like the outcome of the events in Turin, military from different regions of the nation were called in to suppress the strike. The
main reason behind it was if local troops were used their familiarity and common cultural background would elicit sympathy for the women. Finally
five years later in Veracruz, Mexico, women protested against unfair housing prices, which was already a limited commodity in the coastal port city. A
strike was

Reflective Essay: AP World History And European History Club
It is unfair to study an entire chronicle of past events spanning nearly four million years in a fast–paced three years of high school, nor is it to deprive
pedantic judgment from and compose bombastic essays by my limited experience. But it is worthwhile. It is worthwhile to spend my year of
secondary four to ruminate in ivory tower of scholarship, from where I depart to hold sway in clubs to engage schoolmates and friends to inspire and
establish thoughts, apart from formal, intense inquiry into my core and elective subjects.
I've centered my toil on the work of the History Club this year, and other clubs such as EET, English Creative Writing Workshops and so forth. This
account traces with details the former one to which self–studies are linked.
Passion led me to the presidency of the History Club. Throughout the width and breath of the year, the vision of making possible a cordial society of
historical study within the school has guided me to arrange programs and contests in which vigorous ratiocination of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Relishing chronological narration set by the passage of time and evoke empathy, I've been vigorously studying for the AP World History and European
History Exams, either on paper–back textbooks or the edX or Coursera. Learn to self–learn helped me understand more. For example, it occurs to me,
that laws, customs and traditions of a state change over time in a largely unbroken succession since the dawn of civilisation, and that noble intentions
to unshackle slaves and treacherous evils to ravage humanity both are evidence of behaviors future generations aspire to emulate or shun.
I've learnt to be delighted to see things change, to be told "know thyself', and be mindful of overly commitment to any particular belief. Something held
true in the past doesn't necessarily is so now and in the future. Human experiences come to pass for a cause and end for

Greed In European History : Bartolome De Las Casas
European history is dark, and extremely unfortunate to the many groups who were forced to interact with the ginormous nations of greed. Spain,
among many others, went across Africa and the Americas enslaving and abusing the citizens of the countries themselves, all for for their own greed and
well–doing. All three sources given, were related to this "darkness" within the Europeans, which caused them to desire more and more for their
homeland, while not caring about the wellbeing of others.
The first source presented is a Spanish priest/missionary named Bartolome De Las Casas, who declares that the Christian Spaniards treated the
Indigenous peoples in the Americas poorly, by not converting them to the Christian faith before their cruel and torturous deaths from the abusive
behavior. The source starts out with the comment that "the reason the [Spanish] Christians have murdered on such a vast scale and killed anyone and
everyone in their way is purely and simply greed... Their insatiable greed and overweening ambition know no bounds; the land is fertile and rich, the
inhabitants simple, forbearing and submissive." The author states this because the Spaniards at the time were not concerned about the Indigenous
peoples lives; they only cared about their 3 precious things: gold, God, and glory. They stole the riches from the chieftains, they assimilated the
peoples to the "superior" Christian faith, and stole their lands for the glory of Spain. Next, the author states that "the

Martin Luther's Influence In European History
Martin Luther was born in Germany in 1483, Martin Luther turned into a standout amongst the most powerful figures in Christian history when he
started the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century. He raised doubt about a percentage of the fundamental principles of Roman Catholicism,
and his adherents soon split from the Roman Catholic Church to start the Protestant convention. In 1501, he selected to attend the University of Enfurt.
His family wanted him to be a lawyer. Yet, Luther promised to turn into a monk.Martin Luther examined the New and the Old Testaments and began to
make inquiries about confidence. In 1523, Luther distributed a vital chip away at transient power. In 1508, he was sent to Wittenburg to become a
religion teacher. Scholar Martin Luther left an everlastingly changed in Christianity when he started the Protestant Reformation in sixteenth century
Europe. In the following paragraph I will explain his accomplishments, his influence in history, and his importance in European history. He was a
religious leader who accomplishments made a changed in Christianity especially in Europe. Martin Luther published the 95 theses which criticized the
Catholic Church. He educated that the Holy Book should be the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On Oct. 31, 1517, he posted on the entryway of the stronghold church at Wittenberg his ninety–five theses, welcoming civil argument on matters of
practice and policy. Luther's activity was not a rebellion against the church but rather a development for change inside. In 1519, Luther in a question
with Johann Eck straightforwardly embraced conventions that were certain in his proposals, and he prevented the power from claiming the
congregation in religious matters. Martin Luther made the Bible accessible to the society. He influenced religious beliefs throughout Europe. Luther
also debilitated the authority of the Church. Luther influenced the world with his religious thoughts and

European History Research Project : The Witch Trials
Kaitlyn Yonamine
European History
Vierra 11:30
January 14, 2015
*title
European History Research Project
Thesis
The witch trials in continental Europe, which lasted from the late 1300s until around 1650, resulted in an execution of "between 200,000 and 500,000
witches, 85% or more of whom were women."1 There is wide debate between historians arguing about whether or not this is a mass act of
sexism–some stating that large groups of men gathered together to blame women for all of their village 's misfortunes, while others state that there
were still a high number of males executed for witchcraft, and that anybody could be considered a witch. There is no getting around the fact that
gender was a very important factor in the European witch trials, seeing as a majority of victims across the country were women. That being said, the
idea of witch–hunts being sexist and specifically targeted towards women is false, rather, the label of "witch" was more frequently added onto
powerful women who were viewed as sinful threats to society, resulting in the high number of executed females.
Problems with witches + signs/characteristics of witches
Witchcraft has origins within the bible, where it states that they "shall surely be put to death."5 Those Christians involved in the witch–hunt "believed
that God had an enemy called the Devil, who was very powerful. They believed that witches made a pact or agreement with the Devil and agreed to
worship and serve him."4 The practices that

AP European History Class
Academic Journey
There was a civil war in my mind, as I hesitated about taking an advanced placement course. Sometimes, the results of doing something that challenges
and scares you are worthwhile in the long run.
I was uncertain if I wanted to take an AP class – especially history – because throughout my academic years in middle school and freshman year, I was
not exactly the type of student that was the top notch. Although I received decent grades, I never saw myself as someone who could excel in my
academic studies. Of course, that changed when I visioned myself in an AP European history class.
It was as if the adrenaline reawakened the hidden confidence and diligence within me. From that meeting with my counselor, it was a turning point.
Determined to upgrade from a regular ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In spite of all its rigorousness, I continued to stay because I would be doing myself a bad deed if I threw all of my painstaking work and ambition into
waste of time.
Coming up with a different approach, I realized that in order to survive and win this game, I had to find myself interested and engaged in the major
events, historical figures, and essential terms that I learned because a positive–mindset is key to success. As long as I retained an enthusiasm for learning
how history came to be and how it lead to the present world, I was able to enjoy being a student of a European history course. Certainly, there were
several benefits of taking the AP class; overwhelmingly, it was the workload that helped me prepare for other classes. As a junior now, I have no
problem busying myself with readings, annotations, studying, and writing.
Above all the skills that I gained, writing was predominantly the skill set that I developed most. Given that I had trouble understanding the texts, I was
left with no other choice other than to force myself to interpret the writer's

The European Union: Economics, Policy and HistoryвЂ™ by...
The book we are discussing in this essay is called 'The European Union: Economics, Policy and History' by Susan Senior Nello. This book takes into
account the different disciplines of economics, policy–making and therefore including a great deal of politics, and the history of the institution of the
European Union as we know it today. The broad multi–disciplinary perspective makes this a comprehensive book that combines different aspects
together making this particularly useful in the current debate about the future of the European Union. The main focus of the book are the policies of
the European Union which is the authors' speciality having worked on various projects for the European Institute in Florence and having advised the
European ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The author writes the book in an order that is used in the theory rather than the practice concerning the European Union. Meaning that there are
theories written about this assuming that in practice this is the way it goes, however in practice this might vary in diverse situations. For example
chapter six is written about the single market which in theory is a step taken before converging the countries towards the single monetary union and
eventually resulting in an optimum currency area. In practice these lines are a bit more blurry and unclear, nonetheless it is a good structure to
follow to keep it as clear as possible for the reader. In most the chapters Susan Senior Nello discusses the history of the policies and the current state
of affairs however she does not stay limited to merely the past and present as in the further chapters, for example chapter 11, she discusses the
performances of the European Union and the outlook for the future. This makes sure the reader gets a comprehensive view and a well–informed
background knowledge to join in the worldwide debate about the future of the European Union
In Chapter nine the author first gives the background information one needs to understand her claim at the end of the chapter. These are useful
objective facts, for example: the different exchange rate regimes and their correcting of assymetric shocks and the benefits and costs from a monetary
union. After giving the reader this information the author

Queen Elizabeth The Best Queen In European History
On September 7th, at Greenwich Palace in England, a young girl called, the illegitimate daughter of King Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn was born.
Her name was Elizabeth and she would become one of the most significant English monarchs of all time. She lost her mother when she was 2 and
her father passed away when she was 13. She was persecuted for heresy by her own sister and locked in the Tower. Her legacy lives on to this day
and her bravery still strikes the hearts and minds of Englishmen. Though her refusal to marry left her throne empty, Elizabeth I was the best queen in
European history because of her pragmatic nature, devotion to her people, and her confidence in her beliefs.
Her pragmatic nature is one of the many reasons that Elizabeth is renowned all over the world. When Elizabeth chose her council she chose a
modern and balanced group of individuals, as she did not want a council that was overly conservative, old fashioned, or rash (Neale 54). Her chief
advisor Sir William Cecil was equally pragmatic and together they created many clever policies, including ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
By doing this she also ended the Tudor era and spent quite a bit of her valuable time turning down suitors. Her rightful successor was James VI, the
son of Mary Queen of Scots, who eventually became the King of Scotland, England, and Ireland ("Queen Elizabeth I"). Even though the future of
England was at risk and she wasted her time with suitors Elizabeth used her promise of marriage as a powerful diplomatic tool and a bargaining piece
whenever she needed the favor of another country (Huso). Along with that Elizabeth had absolutely no interest in compromising her power by adding a
king to the mix, and she could not threaten the fragile peace that England had created by marrying a person from another European

European History: The Dark Ages
The Dark Ages. That's one of the terms used to describe nearly 1000 years of history–a history that is often hard to understand due to a lack of
surviving documents, and often is clouded by myth and legends. Western Europe was under the rule of hundreds of feudal lords and kings. Castles
dominated the landscape, and entire cities were built behind protective walls.
The Roman Empire formally legalized Christianity during the 4th century, and soon afterward, the zeal and evangelism of practitioners spread this faith
throughout WesternEurope as far west as Ireland. The Church would be one of the most powerful medieval institutions, controlling publication of
books and the making of laws. Much of medieval Europe's art and architecture has a

The Formation of Capitalism in European History Essay
The Formation of Capitalism in European History
"Pure capitalism is characterized by private ownership of resources and by reliance on markets, in which buyers and sellers come together and
determine what quantities of goods and resources are sold and at what price. Here no central authority oversees production and consumption. Rather,
economic decisions are coordinated by the actions of large numbers of consumers and producers, each operating in his or her own self–interest.
Because property is privately owned, it can be used in whatever manner its owner chooses (Ragan and Thomas, p. 46)."
Europe had its capitalistic beginnings in the mid–seventeenth century. However, medieval Europe is characterized by the antithesis of this ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some products were taken to the local market and exchanged. Exchange was usually compulsory, in that, one was obligated to supply products and
services on terms dictated by custom and law. Interregional trade, however, was limited to the point that even a poor local harvest often "meant hunger,
malnutrition, and greater vulnerability to disease, and crop failure meant starvation (Birdzell and Rosenberg, pp. 39–40)."
The economic system of this era is termed feudalism. Feudalism is defined by conditioned holding of land by lords on some kind of service–tenure to
the monarch. The lords were a noble class who supplied military service and council to the monarch. The lords' social status was determined by their
land holdings. The lords' estates were farmed by compulsory labor, known as serfs. The lords maintained a great deal of control over the serfs. They
dictated what, where and when to plant. They also operated as a judiciary force over the serfs (Hilton, pp. 34–36).
Feudalism is, thus characterized by political decentralization. The monarchs, having delegated such a substantial amount of authority to the nobles,
were left essentially without any real power. The social order, which regulated virtually all of society, dictated the need for a king to maintain public
peace. Thus, the monarchs remained in power, but only figuratively (Pirenne, pp. 147–150).
Obviously, feudalism and capitalism are

Important Events in the European History That Changed the...
Essay 3 The changes are an integral part of progress and development. It is a well–known fact that in order to gain a new level the society should go
through the series of different transformation. These transformations are not always pleasant and peaceful but, in general, they are useful for the
society and help it to become a better one. In this work I am going to explain how, the European world changed dramatically as a result of a series of
stresses in the late 13th to the mid 15th centuries and how such events as Black Plague, the One Hundred Year's War and the collapse of Papal Power
influenced the Medieval European society. The transformation of the Medieval society was long and painful process, which lasted approximately 150...
The second effect was lack of laborers. The level of trust to the Church also decreased. The One Hundred Years' War was another historical even, which
influenced on the society in the Middle Ages. It "was a long struggle between England and France over succession to the French throne. It lasted
from 1337 to 1453, so it might more accurately be called the "116 Years' War" (Wheeler, "The Hundred Years' War"). Actually, it was the series of
smaller wars and included several battles. The war involved two countries, England and France, which were among the leading ones in Europe during
the Middle Ages. Nothing special, that such a massive struggle, which involved a large amount of people during the extremely long period of time,
resulted into the drastic demographic, economical and political changes. England lost most of its continental territories and the insanity of the King
brought it into the series of internal conflicts. On the contrary, France was able to strengthen its positions. The third important point, which initiated
the changes in the European society and brought it to the new era of development, was the collapse of Papal Power. In the Middle Ages the belief
that there is one Pope, who rules the church, was extremely strong. That is why the division of the Papacy into the two ruling points, one in Avignon,
France and one in Rome was a great tragedy for many people as

The Black Death: A Pandemics In European History
In European history few events seem as cataclysmic as the Black Death. The
Black Death was actually one of the most deadly pandemics in human history. This awful pandemics most devastating time in Europe was between
1348 and 1350.
According to some estimates it wiped out at least two–thirds of Europe's population. A
Malmesbury monk from Wiltshire wrote that, "Over England as a whole a fifth og men, women and children were carried to the grave." (James "Black
Death: The lasting impact") Many epidemiologists still don't know the exact virus or bacterium that caused the Black Death. Some believe it was the
bacterium Yersinia pestis because it is supported by recent forensic research.
The Black Death was thought to have originated in or near China and made its way to Crimea by 1346 through the Silk Road. Then it was carried by
fleas on rodents that harbored on merchant ships to the Mediterranean and Europe. It is believed that the diseases travelled along the Silk Road with
the Mongol armies from China. To be precise
Crimea was actually infected directly by the Mongol army. The Mongol army had been trying to siege the city of Caffa in Crimea. After a protracted
effort the Mongol's decided to catapult infected corpses into the walls of the city. Then some traders from Caffa fled taking the plague with them to
Sicily and the south or Europe where there was no stopping it from spreading everywhere. It went from Sicily to Venice to Pisa, then finally entering
into northwest Europe.

Medieval Period in European History
Introduction
The medieval period in European history begins after the fall of the Roman Empire around 500 C.E., and continued until the early modern period
beginning around 1500. The medieval period is split into the sub–categories of early medieval (500–1000), central middle ages (1000–1300), late
medieval (1300–1500), and followed by the early modern period (1500–1800). At each of these periods of time important political, economic, social,
cultural, religious and scientific changes were being made in Western Europe.
Early Medieval
The collapse of the Roman Empire led to the emergence of three successor civilizations; Byzantium, Islam, and Western Europe. The absence of a
strong central government led Western Europeans landowner's... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Elites would provide higher ranking nobles with feudal obligations of warriors, food, and/or animals in return for their protection or use of the land.
After the schism in 1054 with the Byzantine emperor, Christianity was divided into Western Catholic and Eastern Orthodoxy sects. Urban masses
began to challenge the authority of the church claiming that it no longer addressed the needs of the urban public. Heretics, like the Cathars and
Albigensians, came into existence and spoke out about church wealth and believed in a dualistic theology. In response, the church instituted monastic
reforms against worldliness and complacency within its ranks. In 1122, the power of the Papacy began to expand with the Concordat of Worms which
was a compromise between the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor over lay investiture. Also during this time, the Crusades played an important role in
occupying professional soldiers. After the Byzantine emperor's plea for help to Pope Urban II crusading forces were assembled and traveled to the
Holy Land. Over the next hundred years they would be four crusades with the first crusade being the most successful and the fourth crusade forever
splitting Western Catholic church and the Eastern Orthodox church. As the centralmiddle ages came to an end France and England evolved into
centralized states, while the Pope and the Holy Roman Emperor were fighting each other. During this period, an important document was drafted by the
English in

The Spread Of The Plague In European History
Death from disease has been recorded in history throughout all time. In recent years, the outbreak of the Zika virus, a disease passed down from
mosquitos, has given the human population a scare. The among the biggest disease scares in all of recorded history is none other than the Black
Plague in the years 1346–1353, with over 100 million recorded deaths in Europe. This plague affected the population of towns, the social rankings of
citizens, and the religious beliefs the people had in God. Such a high loss of human lives changed European history and even contributed to what
humans achieve today. Due to the incurable spread of the Black Death, a large amount of people died and affected the growth of the European
population. Doctors refused to see people, and families were forced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
People believed the sickness was a punishment for their sins against God. People began to punish themselves by self–flogging and beat themselves in
order to rid themselves of their sins and abolish the plague. Monasteries were hit very hard by the plague since so many sick people took refuge
there. The priests who delivered the final sacraments of death also passed away from sickness, leaving the churches with fewer clergy members. As
the Black Death ravaged on, people began to lose faith or become angry at God for their losses and they began to realize that their religion could not
do anything to protect their families from the disease. When the plague lifted, members of the clergy sought out replacements for their fallen
colleagues, but the successors were trained sloppily and learned very little of tasks their predecessors. This may have furthered the corruption of the
Church, since they recruited people they had little knowledge about. For other areas, the plague eliminated so many priests and members of the clergy
that church services ceased

Boccaccio: The Plague In European History
Boccaccio describes the plague as one of the deadly outbreak which lead to severe economic, social, and religious disturbance which had deep effects
on the course of European history.
In both men and women giant apple sized tumors in the groin or armpits appeared and eventually would spread to all other parts of the body.
Boccaccio describes that with these symptoms it was certain that death was near to such an extent that a minor incident of nose bleeding would lead to
death.
Those not infected would run away from the sick even if it was family or loved ones, some of them locked themselves and believed if they can
avoid any form of contact they can survive, others went wild started drinking, singing, enjoying and laughing all the way. Some found solace in
heavily drinking, trying to escape the harsh reality. Some of them partying for no reason as they believed everyone would eventually die. The
governments of Europe had no apparent response to the crisis because no one knew its cause or how it spread. With so much illness and loss of lives
the respect for laws of God & man, started deteriorating. The ministers and executors of the laws were either sick or dead. This resulted in chaos and
people started doing whatever they wanted.
With so much death and chaos ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Parents abandoned their children, wives left their husbands, families torn and abandoned each other, each thought to secure immunity for herself
/himself. Neighbors' just thought about themselves and if someone died in the next house they will bring the bodies out and leave it on streets. With so
many corpses around, Funeral rites became perfunctory or stopped altogether. The Government and executors of law, most of them were either sick or
dead. Faith in religion diminished after the plague, as a consequence of failure of prayer to prevent sickness and death. This resulted in chaos and
people started doing whatever they

Ap European History Research Paper
Describe a topic, idea, or concept you find so engaging that it makes you lose all track of time. Why does it captivate you? What or who do you
turn to when you want to learn more? History engages me like no other subject. History is unrivaled in complexity and depth compared to other
areas of study, but many do not realize this because we choose to gloss over the vast majority, reducing entire sagas into little more than a footnote
on a single page. The American revolution, while celebrated in the US, is little more than a paragraph in European history, overlooked because of
the more relevant Napoleonic era. My passion for learning encourages me to read into these footnotes and discover the lessons and ideas that are
ignored by the common curriculum. History intrigues me because, unlike other branches of education, it tells a story. The problem with telling a story
is that over time, certain events are altered or omitted by those in power to suit their needs. I was once told that History is written by the victors. This
includes not just the winners in war, but the political victors, champions of power, and the wealthy patronage of scoundrels seeking to whitewash their
history of shame and corruption. History books, therefore rarely tell the whole story. An example could be when a noble, who just survived a political...
The variety of information available on the internet is astounding and that makes it humanity's best invention. Eventually, certain sources of
information become biased or untrustworthy, however, there will always be new sources that come into existence to replace the ones who outlived
their purpose. I want to continue exploring the avenues and opportunities for Science to reveal our true history and lay bare the human stories that
enrich our understandings of

Events That Shaped European History
What were the key events that shaped European History after the decline of the Roman Empire?
There were two institutions that survived the fall of the Western Roman Empire. The first one was the Eastern Roman Empire, which was known as
the Byzantine Empire survived another thousand years. Its continent is Constantinople, and is considered the largest city in Europe. The Byzantine
emperor was both the leader of state and church, which was controlled by four patriarchs who were spiritual leaders of the communities. In 527,
Justinian was the emperor, and he built the largest church in the world and the code of Justinian organized Roman law into books that later became the
basis of European Law. He hoped to recreate the old Roman Empire by launching

The Impact Of European History And Globalization Of Europe
I believe the event that set Europe or the Western World, apart from the main powers like China and the Ottoman Empire, is the Colonization of the
Americas. This event help put Europe at the forefront of all things to come like Industrialization, Consolidation into Nation–States, WW1 and WW2,
and globalization of the world today. The first main event inEurope was the Black Death, and it left a lot of change in Europe included a major
religious, social and economic upheavals, which had a very big effects on the course of European history. The Black Death was one of the most
devastating disease in human history and it struck Europe the worst, with more than half of the population of the whole of Europe being killed by the
disease. But it was thanks to the Black Death that many changes where brought to Europe that changed its fate for the better over time, until we came
to today where Europe is now a global leader in the world.
Omar 2
The biggest effect of the Black Death was the depopulation of Europe. Due to the population being hit hard the workforce was also hit hard and
most of it being nearly destroyed. With most of the people killed, the survives of the plague got the lion share of what was remanding after the Black
Death, so there was an increased social mobility for everyone. Lords and knights saw more open land left for them to take, merchants and artists saw
their competitions all died from the plague so started to monopolize and sell for higher their goods,

Medieval Armor: Greatest Invention in European History
Medieval Armor, Greatest Invention in European History When someone thinks of a knight, what do they picture? They may picture someone in
iron clad with a giant sword and shield on his trusty steed. However, it was not always this way. Medieval armor is what knights used in the
Middle Ages. The Middle Ages, also known as the Medieval Era, lasted from the 5th to 15th century. During this time, there was an arms race
going on which was snowballing and becoming more intricate. The 15th century was the pinnacle of medieval armor. This is when full body plate
armor was being utilized. The protection that armor had for knights made the Code of Chivalry possible. The armor also helped identify a friend
from a foe in Europe. Medieval armor is one of the most important inventions in history because it provided protection, extended lives, and redefined
the way knights fought. Medieval Armor provided great protection to knights. It was indeed one of the greatest inventions in history. The Medieval
Periods were broken into two sections. The Early Medieval Period from 1066 to about 1299. Then the Late Medieval Period from 1300 to 160l. Before
this, it was a time known as the Dark Ages. This was a very bad time because of the collapse of the Roman Empire. During this time there was little to
no innovations in science, technology, and medicine (Norris). This meant that knights had to fight with weak armor and weapons. Knights were put in
very dangerous situations. The Medieval Era was

AP European History Chapter Breakdown
AP European History Chapter Breakdown:
Chapter 10
Main overview:
Even though the late middles ages saw unprecedented chaos, it was now becoming a time of creative fragmentation and rebirth of the view of human
creativity and individuality. In addition Europe was recovering from the demographic and political crisis that it faced. There was also a unprecedented
scholarly renaissance. Especially in educational and cultural reforms. Also, social engineering and political planning also began as centralized new
governments put long–range economic policies into practice.
Five main points:
The politics, culture, and art of the Italian Renaissance.
Political struggle and foreign intervention in Italy.
The powerful new monarchies of northern Europe.
The thought and culture of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despot– When the ruler of a governing body has absolute control over a country.
Cosimo De'Medici– First of the political Medici dynasty
Humanism– The scholarly study of the latin and greek classics, both for its own sake and in the hope of reviving respected ancient norms and values
Francesco Petrarch– Father of Humanism
Dante Alighieri– A major italian poet of the lateMiddle Ages
Giovanni Boccaccio– Italian writer and renaissance humanist
Florentine Academy– 15th century discussion group
Civic Humanism– The belief that education should promote individual virtue and public service.
Chiaroscuro– The use of shading to enhance naturalness in paintings and drawings.
Leonardo da Vinci– One of the greatest italian painters of the renaissance
Michelangelo– Italian sculptor and painter
Borgia Family– The most infamous family of the renaissance
Pope Julius 2– A strong adversary to the Borgias.
Niccolo Machiavelli– Italian historian

The Prince– A 16th century political treatise written by Niccolo Machiavelli
Northern Renaissance– The renaissance that occurred in Europe north of the

Ap European History Case Study
Historians make the case for years circa 1000–1200 CE as a turning point in European history because many changes occurred, including religious,
cultural, and economic changes. First of all, there was the Christian schism in which the Latin church and the Orthodox church separated. Previously
there was only the Catholic religion in Rome, but now there was a split between this and the Orthodox sect of Christianity. The Byzantine Empire
adopted Orthodox Christianity while western Europe continued to follow Roman Catholic traditions. Also, the decline of the Roman government led
to a lot of changes. There was no longer an urban–based civilization, like that of Rome, which led to a population decrease. Roman roads and public
buildings made of marble ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Manors were self–sufficient landholdings that included the manor house, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land. Serfs lived in
manors and were completely controlled by the nobles of the manor. Serfs worked crops, tilled fields, and did other requests of the nobles. Serfs
stayed at the manors because they provided political and physical protection; the serfs were loyal to the lord of the manor, unlike earlier, people
were loyal to the king. The decline of Roman culture led to the rise of Germanic customs. The warfare also led to knights being the central figure of
the military and the development of new military technology; there was more iron production to create knight's armor. There had never been knights
before, only Roman soldiers or the Hoplites of ancient Greece. Another system that developed at this time was feudalism. Feudalism was land
awarded for military service; kings and lords gave land (a fief) to supporters in return for sworn military support. In Rome, citizens needed to own land
in order to join the military, however, they were not given land for military service. Another change in this period was monasticism, monasticism was a
new religious trend at this

European History : World War I
Either it is from the perspective of European history, or the point of view of world history, World War I was seen as an extraordinary event being as a
turning point in history. First, World War, known as the World War I, began on July 28th, 1914 and end on November 11th, 1918. Powers involved in
this war includes Germany, France, Austria–Hungary, Great Britain and thirty others. The overall civilian populations exceeded fifteen hundred million,
which was about 75% of the population at the time of the war. World War Iwas officially ended with the Treaty of Versailles, where one of the clauses
states very explicitly that this war was caused by "Germany and its allies' invasion." Such statement led the Germany and its allies to an enormous ...
Germans made its own unique contribution to human evolution, by offering their ingenuity and excellence. Not to mention Germans have outstanding
characteristics, but also these people are full of wisdom and creativity, they take their work serious, and it is these characteristics lead them to the
outstanding achievements. However, why would such a great prosper nation put millions of civilian lives into a world of disasters? Back in the late
19th century, the early 20th century, it was the essential turning point of the Germany history. Since 1871, Bismarck united the nation. Germany then
only used thirty years to complete the same achievement which took Great Britain more than one hundred years. Relying on the advanced science and
technologies, Germans quickly developed from an agricultural country into a power industrial country. Early in the 20th century, German industry
productions went beyond Great Britain and France, only after the United States, which ranked the second in the world. German Empire at that time was
at the pinnacle in the modern German history. As Germany got more powerful, they started to want more, both economically and politically. As we
know, World War I was a war about power. Referring to the class lecture, Professor Magagna once said that "a balanced power was essential for
nations to stay in peace" (Magagna Victor, 2016). Clearly the fast development of Germany, it certainly brought fear to the other nations. Before the

Kincaid Connects The History Of European Colonialism In...
Kincaid connects the history of European colonialism in Antigua to the present day by describing the Antigua she knows in comparison to the Antigua
*we* see. Kincaid starts off the memoir, non–fiction, or even satirical piece by describing what "you" see, where "you" is white, middle class tourist
from America or Europe, who is ignorant to the history of Antigua. The tourist views Antigua as a beautiful island with amazing beaches and great
food. Of course the tourist sees charm in the unpaved roads or the broken library. Kincaid draws in the history of slavery and European colonialism by
describing the Antigua she knows. One where people lived on streets named after "English maritime criminals", had banks owned by and named after
slave traders,

Cardullo's Explanation Of The History Of European Theater
Cardullo's explanation of the history of European theater goes into how the King reopened the theaters and allowed woman to act on stage for the
first time ever. This raised at least two problems. 1) there were no women who knew how to act and 2) The king made it illegal for men to play a
female part, leaving numerous young male actors without a way to support themselves. It also changed the entire play for the audience because
everything they had come to know and love about the female characters had gone away. As I was reading this, I was reminded of the remake of the
Rocky Horror Picture show. And how in the original Dr. Frank N Furter a transvestite from Transexual Transylvania was played by the male actor
Tim Curry. Whereas, in the remake Dr. Frank N Furter is played by Laverne Cox a female actress. For those of us who grew up living and participating
in this iconic cult classic this is an unforgivable error. So I can only ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
McFarland claims the "central narrative problem" is that you have a man who plays a better woman than a woman but who can't play a man, so it
throws this weird twist onto a Shakespearian play that because it is Shakespeare already has enough weird twist.
In his evaluation of the all–male version of Othello in the beginning to the co–ed version at the end, he contrasts the two by talking about how in the
opening version we the audience is listening to the play from back stage. By the ending version, we are right there on that deathbed with Desdemona
and Othello seeing and feeling every painful feeling.
His final judgement about the films incoherency is that the film brings up gender issues whether we want it to or not. Gender issues were not a
problem before the allowance of women in theater and once that door was opened it could not be closed but it also brought with it some distain I think
toward women who men might have felt stole their roles, opening a Pandora's Box so to

European Transplantation History
Physicians explored the idea of transplantation as early as the European Renaissance (1300s–1600s). During that era, they found that they could take
tissues from one part of a person's body and graft them– surgically attach them– to a damaged site. There were some cases where transplants between
two people did not work. Doctors and scientists continued experiments with animals, making important medical advances as they went along. About the
year 1900, doctors discovered that there were three major blood groups: A, B, and O. For a successful blood transfusion, or transfer between two
individuals, the donor's blood type must match the recipient's type. The first successful kidney transplant was performed by surgeon Joseph E. Murray,
in 1954.

Imperialism Dbq Ap European History
Between the period from 1880 to 1914, European powers went after overseas empires in Africa. The governments and political leaders of the
European powers believed that this colonization of the African empires was necessary to maintain their global influence. A second group of people
supposed that African colonization was the result of the greedy Capitalists who only cared for new resources and markets. The third group of people
claimed it to be their job to enlighten and educate the uncivilized people of Africa. Although the political leaders of European powers encouraged
colonization of African empires to advance their nation's global influence, others argued that it was only for the profiteering of the Capitalists who
sought new ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Archibald Philip Primrose, Lord Rosebery, wrote, in his letter to the London Times, that colonies are essential to the nations survival. "Health of mind
and body exalt a nation in the competition of the universe" (Document 8). These political leaders believed that colonization was necessary to keep the
nation's global influence. African colonization obviously offered new wealth sources, such as markets and resources, to the European nations; however,
many people doubted the ethicality of the act. In his speech in 1888, Joseph Chamberlain, British industrialist, politician and reformer, clearly argues
that colonization is incredibly necessary to the British nation. He believes that the British Isles could not last for a single day without the natural
markets for trade provided by the African colonies (Document 4). However, since he is an industrialist, Chamberlains goal is to increase his own
wealth along with his countries, therefore, this argument could be distorted. Cecil Rhodes, British imperialist, easily revealed his thoughts on
Imperialism when he said "Philanthropy is good, but philanthropy at 5 percent is even better" in a speech at the chartering of the British South Africa
Company in 1889 (Document 5). William Clark disagreed with imperialist in a Progressive Review in 1879. His opinion was that the financers who
hope to gain profit use Jameson, a "British military officer who led an

The History Of Western European Religious Landscape
During the 15th and 16th century, Western Europe was a cauldron of mixed ideas and emotions. The enlightenment and cumulative effort of
individuals of that time produced different ideas contributing to the renaissance or re–birth of religious doctrine. Change was instigated by various
Italian humanists or Popes of the era, norther humanists such as Desiderius Erasmus, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Henry VII, and Queen Elizabeth I
were some of the participants that changed the paradigm of Western European religious landscape. Like the secular despots, popes engaged in war and,
when that failed, diplomacy. They brought artistic riches to the church but also lowered its moral tone by accepting bribes for church offices and filling
positions with kinsmen. But above all, these popes patronized Renaissance culture. Three of the most aggressive and successful of these popes were
Nicholas V. who founded the Vatican Library. Pius II often considered the most representative of the renaissance popes because of his interest in Greek
and Roman classics he practiced both war and diplomacy with astounding success and Sixtus IV who came from a powerful family and increased his
personal power through nepotism. Unlike the Italian humanists, the northern humanists were preoccupied with the condition of the church and the
wider Christian world. These northern thinkers researched and studied both Christian writings and the Greco–Roman classics, and their scholarship
was meant to further the

Modern European History And Politics

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Laura Smith

More from Laura Smith (16)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Modern European History And Politics