The Consolation of Loss in Greek Tragedies

What Is The Consolation Of Loss In A Greek Tragedy
In pieces of classical writing, including Euripides' and Sophokles' Greek tragedies, as well as the more personal, philosophical writings of Seneca,
Cicero, and Plutrach, the consolation of loss is deeply interwoven with myth and drama. The idea of the consolatio focuses on a sense of survival and
endurance of grievers, and the role that friends and loved ones play in this survival through comfort. The underlying theme in these tragedies is that the
feeling is universal, and in no way experienced alone, and this paper will explore this concept beginning with Greek tragedy, focusing on how these
stories can console the reader, and their exploration into the loneliness of grief. To elaborate on the Roman perspective, the techniques of Seneca and
Cicero's writings are shown to reflect and emulate these Greek ideas, demonstrating consolatio through examples of myth and universal truths to reveal
an overall similarly minded approach to consolation in Greece and Rome.
Perhaps understandably, consolatio appears most dramatic in Greek Tragedy– for example, in Euripides Trojan Women, when Hecuba is grieving, it
is evident that she is being validated or given permission to grieve by a woman: "our bitter sorrow,/earth will now receive./ Mourn, O mother"
(Euripides, Trojan Women, 1227–29). Without this confirmation that Hecuba's grief has been recognised, received and permitted, Hecuba has no
reason to stop publicly grieving. It is also significant in that this permission (Euripides, Trojan Women, 1227–29) is given by another woman, who
would have appeared to the Greek audience as someone who could understand Hecuba's grief, given woman's primary role as mother, as this loss also
means a loss of purpose in society. This is further emphasized in The Suppliant Women, wherein the chorus expresses grief through explaining that
they would have grieved had they never married and had children, "But now that my dear son is taken from me/ my suffering is not imaginary; it is
real" (The Suppliant Women, 787–92). These lines reflect the fact that although grieving what has been lost is more powerful than the pain of having
nothing to lose, when these women lose their sons, they are also losing their purpose they once had. This
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The Trojan War : The Loss Of The Trojan War
The Greek forces won the Trojan War. The story of the war is a cornerstone of Greek legend, and pervaded Greek literature and culture. Though the
evidence for the Trojan War as historical fact is scarce, it was a formative event in Greek cultural memory, producing some of the classical world's
most famous heroes and narratives. The War was won, Helen was retrieved from Paris, whose violation of ОѕОµОЅбЅ·О± was redressed, the heroes
attained the ОєО»бЅіОїП‚ that many of them fought for – and yet the positive outcomes of the Trojan Warare difficult to grasp. For the victims of the
Trojan War, the tragedy is obvious; the War ended in genocide and total cultural destruction. But such a war, burnt into legend, should have left the
victors far better off; and yet, the Greek heroes only suffer because of it. They die tragic, dishonourable deaths; their households are left in ruin; their
families are torn apart. From both modern and classical perspectives, the Trojan War is a tragedy, a "harrowing destruction of life" (
Euripides,
Andromache, 291). The victory is pyrrhic, the loss of life is horrific, the reparations non–existent.
The destruction of Troy and the massacre of the Trojan is the most obvious and inarguable facet of the tragedy of the Trojan War. There is a single
positive outcome for the Trojan War, and not one that the Greeks would have concerned themselves with; Aeneas, fleeing Troy as a refugee, founds
the people who would later become Romans (Livy, Rise of Rome, 1.1–3).

Achilles In The Odyssey
Achilles refused extra service, and therefore the Greeks were very defeated because Achilles allowed Patroclus to come like him, giving him his car
and his weapons. Hector (King Priam's first son of Troy) killed Patroclus, and Achilles, who eventually joined Agamemnon, received new weapons
from Hephaestus and killed Hector. After hitting the body of Hector behind his car,Achilles gave Priam to his hard request. Iliad has ceased with the
Hector funeral ceremony. It does not mention the death of Achilles, though the Odyssey says its funeral. Poetry Arctinus in his Ethiopia gathered the
story of Iliad and explained that Achilles, after killing the Emperor Memnon and the Amazoni Penthedonian, was killed in the battle with the son of
Priam, Paris, whose arrow was led by Apollo.
The final reporters involved with Peleus, after receiving orders according to which his son died while fighting Troy, sent Achilles to the Lycomedes
court in Scyrus, where he was dressed as a woman and was preserved among the daughters of the king which DeГЇdamia, Neoptolemus. Listening to
the businessman Calchas Troy could no longer cry Achilles; the Greeks... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aquiles exercise with the first power of the class, but also significantly poor in the other most importantly maybe the cornerstones of the epic hero:
much, reasonable and fair or generous system. And "the conspiracy of a man known as the" Rage of Achilles," which is probably a horrible mistake,
a failure which resulted in unnecessary deaths of hundreds of Greeks untold and Trojans, and essentially every written inscription of Greek ships.
Because of his great thirst for glory and reward, Achilles cannot cope with shame and failure. It is a mistake of a man who makes the son of Paleo an
unacceptable

Summary of The Odysssey Book XI Essay
In The Odyssey, we learn about the famous journey of a man named Odysseus and his travels back home from Troy. King Alcinous is curious about
Odysseus' life and why he needed all the help to get back home to Ithaca. Eventually, Odysseus tells about his journeys that got him all the way to the
Phaecians. When Book XI starts, Odysseus arrives at Oceanus and is on his way to the Underworld. Why does he have to go to the Underworld?
Well, when Odysseus and his men were traveling from island to island to see how to get back home, they arrive on an island where Circe lives.
Odysseus' men are invited into Circe's home for a feast. He sends a group of twenty two men and his buddy Eurylochus. They all follow Circe and
enjoy the feast. What they do ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Underworld, Odysseus meets many different shades, or ghosts. In order for these shades to talk to Odysseus, they have to drink the
sacrificed blood. The first shade to talk to Odysseus was Elpenor. Elpenor is one of Odysseus' crew mates that Odysseus has left behind at Circe's
home. Unfortunately, he falls off of Circe's roof and dies. Odysseus is sad and ashamed for not being up to task. After, Elpenor asks for a proper
burial because he did not receive one. Odysseus accepts and promises that he will carry out this task. Odysseus then sees his mom, Anticlea. He is
surprised that she is a shade, but they do not talk just yet. Tereisias of Thebes, the dead blind prophet, shows up. He warns Odysseus of Helios'
cattle and that he will die if he eats it. He tells Odysseus that he will be the only one to survive getting back to Ithaca and his companions will die.
He warns him that even when he gets home, he will have to deal with troubling suitors and most likely, have to kill them all. Not only that, Odysseus
has to travel far inland. He then has to make a very important sacrifice to Poseidon and pray for peace. Odyssseus then speaks back to his mother, and
wants to know about his family situation back in Ithaca. She tells him that Telemachus has grown older but still cannot fight against the troubling and
overwhelming suitors. Also, Penelope is loyal but still very depressed. He tried to hug his mother three times, but failed because she

Alexander The Great Outline
Alexander the Great Alexander the Great was born on July 20, 356 BC in a region north of Greece. Alexander the Great was born in Pella.
Alexander the Great was the son of King Phillip II and Queen Olympia. Queen Olympia was the daughter of King Neoptolemus, who was a son of
the great warrior, Achilles. While growing up, Alexander the Great was not able to see his father due to military causes. Alexander had an education
while growing up from Leonidas of Epirus. Leonidas taught Alexander math, archery, and also horsemanship. King Phillip II has hired many people to
teach Alexander many life skills and essentials. One of the most well–known tutors he had was Aristotle, a Greek philosopher. Alexander had not only
learned science from Aristotle,

Hellenistic Kingship Research Paper
The nature of Hellenistic kingship is defined by a rise to power through military conquest and victories and being in a constant state of warfare. One
weakness of these kings would their ability gain a vast territory of land during one battle and retain it for months until they lose it during another
battle. Demetrius' life can be viewed as an example of many instances of this struggle to hold power. The nature of Hellenistic kingship should be
looked described as no more than gaining power through military actions. These rulers could be considered usurpers of Alexander's empire even though
they all attested that they were attempting to reunite it. It's for this reason that they tried to imitate Alexander by taking over his land and using his...
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Also, this power usually is tied to a certain geographical power base that fuels them, but if it's lose then the kingdom survives in idea only. A perfect
example of this is the rise of power of Antigonus Monopthalamus and his son Demetrius. They were combatting the other Diadochi and were having
quite a lot of success. Their territory was expanding beyond Asia Minor, and dipping into Syria,Greece, and even Babylon at one point. Unfortunately,
this all ended at one moment in the Battle of Ipsus. With the help of Seleucus' elephants and Demetrius' hubris, Antigonus was killed and his son
left with a fairly large army but barely any territorial holdings. Demetrius went from one of the most powerful Hellenistic kings to royalty on the
run. However, fortunes reversed for him again as he entered an alliance with Seleucus who proposed a marriage alliance. Demetrius, in 295 B.C.,
was able to retake the treacherous strategic city of Athens. After Cassander's death in 297 B.C., he was also able to intervene in Macedon and
eventually murder Alexander V of Macedon and take over the kingdom. In 288, a coalition against Demetrius expelled him from almost all of Greece.
During his final campaign in Asia Minor in 285 B.C., he was captured by Seleucus and died in prison years later. Demetrius' fortunes and reversals

What Are Neoptolemus Choices
Neoptolemus
Imagine having to choose between your morals and beliefs and what your people want you to do; tough choice right? This was a reality for
Neoptolemus. Faced with this intense dilemma, He was torn. Betray your people or betray your values, each comes with a dire consequence.
Throughout life, we make many difficult decisions, which not only impact us but those around us. The decisions Neoptolemus will make will not only
impact him but an entire empire. When the city of Troy needs them the most, Odysseus and Neoptolemus conspire a plan to steal the bow of Hercules
from Philoctetes.
Even when faced with difficult choices Neoptolemus stays true to his self and does what is right, and in the end, that's what makes the difference.
Although he does go along with Odysseus' plan to deceive Philoctetes at the beginning of the play he makes up for it, towards the end when he gives ...
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Neoptolemus shows his morals when he is hesitant to follow odysseys on his task to acquire the bow of Hercules from Philoctetes in a despiteful
manner. Neoptolemus was a strong believer in morals, therefore he had to think twice before he could do something do deceiving. He says "Then
come what may, I'll put my shame aside and do it" (406) He needs to put his "shame aside", he sees the transgression of what he's about to do. But
as Odysseys says things like "Do this and you could gain two rewards" (405) "you would be called shrewd and courageous" (405). Neoptolemus has
no choice but to give in. Neoptolemus believes that there is a better way for odysseys to carry out his plan to receive the bow. He feels that Odysseus
shouldn't have to lie and deceive Philoctetes in order to win the war. Neoptolemus shows his character when he does what is right and tells Philoctetes
the truth about what they are doing

Achilles : An Invulnerable Achilles
"It's all Greek to me."
An invulnerable mortal? Keep reading to get more information on the famous Greek hero Achilles. Achilles' Greek name is Achilles, but unfortunately
has no Roman name as they all called him upon his one name. He was a strong, young, and open–minded Greek leader during the Trojan War
(1194–1184 BC) and in fact was one of the most important heroes during the war slaying the Trojan hero Hector outside of the gates of Troy.Achilles
did not have any "powers" per se, as he was a mortal and not a god. However, his mother Thetis was very concerned with her son's mortality and had a
plan to make him invulnerable. So one night, she secretly grabbed Achilles and brought him to the River Styx. She then dipped him into the magical
waters, making him invulnerable. Without regard to his heel that she was holding, his heel had never touched the water, making it the only part of his
body with a human–like quality. This is how we got the name "Achilles heel" as we still use to this day. Then, as he was just a young child at the age
of nine, a seer told Thetis that Achilles would heroically die in battle. After hearing this, Thetis disguised Achilles in feminine attire and sent him off to
live on the Aegean island of Skyros where Achilles spent most of his life.
In Greek Mythology it states that Achilles was born to Thetis the Nereid and Paleus, the King of Phthia in Thessaly Greece. According to
greekmythology.com, "Thetis was a sea nymph in Greek mythology, or

Alexander The Great King Of Macedonia
The king with great war strategies as well as the conquer on the known world. Alexander the Great king of Macedonia, son of the Macedonian king
philip II and Queen Olympia daughter of king Neoptolemus furthermore fourth wife of Philip II.At a young age alexander was thought many things of
how to be a king how the war and the strategies worked. All of this things were thought by Aristotle ,who was not only alexander's teacher but also a
mentor and a great inspiration for philosophy,medicine, and scientific inspiration.After the death of Philip II ,Alexander allied with the sustain of the
Macedonian army in order to conquer and eliminate his enemies. By doing this Alexander gained great respect

Aeneid And Odysseus Relationship Essay
Throughout the epics that have been read, there have been many similar occurrences for the main characters of the epic. One occurrence has to do with
the interactions of three generations of males in Odysseus' family in the Odyssey and then Aeneas's family in the Aeneid. The interactions happen at
opposite ends of their respective epics with the Odysseys scene being the last book in the epic and the Aeneid's being at the beginning. But both
interactions have similar interactions between the family members with the Father's Odysseus and Aeneas talking too both their father and son but the
latter have fewer interactions with each other.
Aeneas in a need to gather his family after seeing Priam and his son deaths rushes to his father's rescue so he can lead his family out of the city.
Odysseus gathers his family through one needing his sons help to kill the suitors and then also find his old aging father who has been forgotten by the
Ithacans. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Aeneus gathers his family after seeing the deaths of Priam and his son at Neoptolemus. Aeneas rushes home to get his father Anchises who is
resist saying he has lived and suffered long enough. The old man is resistant even at Aeneas wife Creusa and his son Ascanius' pleas. Anchises
only agrees to leave when he sees a sign from the gods. The family rushes too the cypress try that they planned to escape too, Creusa gets lost and
dies in the city and Aeneas takes the lead role of The Trojan refugees. Aeneas difficulty too keeps his family safe and also the issue of convincing
his father acts like an omen of the strife he is soon to deal with on his Journey too finding Rome's precursor. He is going to deal with loss, he is
going to deal with war, and eventually, he will rule a city in Italy that leads to Rome's first

King Priam Essay
The killing of King Priam
This scene shows the killing of King Priam by a Greek warrior, on his lap laid his grandson Astyanax, the son of Prince Hector. King Priam is seen
as an elderly man with bald head and with his hand covering his head trying to avoid the beating and the horror he's about to face. He is covering his
face with both hands because he is protecting himself while the Achaean soldier grabs him by the soldier and about to whack him off with a sword.
The scene: The blood–splattered King Priam sits on the altar, the limp corpse of his grandson Astyanax, son of Hector, laid across his lap. Priam is
depicted as an elderly gentleman with a bald head and a considerable 5'o clock shadow. He covers his head with his hands in a futile gesture to ward
off the fatal blow inevitably coming from Neoptolemus, son of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Priam is depicted as an old man with a bald head and a stubby beard. He covers his head with his heads in a futile gesture to ward off the fatal blow
about to be dealt to him by Neoptolemus, the son of Achilles. Unusually he has been presented from the rear, with his head and left leg in profile.
He is dressed in full battle armour. His huge sword, the so called Machaira, appears to disappear under the lip of the hydria.He has been painted in
detail, especially on his armour. A dead trojan lies at Neoptolemus' feet. He grasps the inside of his shield which is presented in a perspective view,
while his lower leg appears foreshortened as it disappears behind his thigh. The details of the dead bodies reinforce the sense of the horror of war.
On the other side of the palm, King Priam who has taken refuge on an altar, on his lap is his mutilated grandson Astyanax, son of Hector already
killed by Neoptolemus and who is about to kill him. The blood on the garment and head of

Conflict Of I And All Citations Are From The Text Of...
Conflict of I and We
All Citations are from the text of Sophocles' Philoctetes
Translated by
Sophocles, David Grene, Glenn W. Most, and Richmond Lattimore. "Philoctetes." Sophocles II. Third Edition ed. Chicago & London: University of
Chicago Press, April 19, 2013. 207–79. Print.
The relationship between the individual and his/her society is a subject of continual interest not only to philosophers and religious thinkers. We, as
individuals, have hopes, plans, needs, and expectations. Likewise, society has its own, which present itself in the form of laws, traditions, and needs
for the greater good. Often, these needs and demands of the individual come in conflict with those of society, and this raises problems for both. Due to
the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This magical bow is needed in order to win the war with Troy. Without it, defeat is guaranteed for the Greeks. Odysseus explains to Neoptolemus that
he must be dishonest to Philoctetes, reiterating the notion that victory relies on retrieving this sacred bow, and it must be retrieved at any cost.
Neoptolemus, having never met Philoctetes, agrees to commit this dishonesty in order to ensure Greek victory. However, upon interacting with
Philoctetes, Neoptolemus begins to feel pity, and his plans don't look as simple as they did before.
The play revolves around three major characters; Odysseus, Neoptolemus, and Philoctetes. Many of the characters depicted in Sophocles texts are quite
complex, these characters are no exception. Neoptolemus is the son of the hero Achilles and the princess Deidamia. He is portrayed as honorable,
heroic and loyal. At the same time, he is compassionate, feels a sense of right and wrong and is a staunch supporter of justice. Neoptolemus
represents the middle ground between the individual and society. Odysseus is a legendary hero and king of the island of Ithaca. He is the son of
Laertes and Anticlea and is well known as a cunning leader. He is portrayed as loyal, commanding and mission oriented. At the same time, he is
cowardly, ignorant and deceitful. Odysseus can be portrayed as society, more specifically the state. Philoctetes is the son of King Poeas, King of
Meliboea. In Greek mythology, Philoctetes stepped up and lit Hercules

Odysseus Struggle For Kleos In Homer's Odyssey
Throughout Greek history and mythology, the greatest of heroes and gods have been driven by the desire to be great to have kleos. For them, there
was no greater honor than being remembered for their own accomplishment. This is what every Greek hero strove for throughout their epic whether
that be Achilles, Odysseus, or others. For them, they would rather die young with renown and glory than live a long life without kleos. Their life was
dedicated to making themselves the greatest and most glorified they could be. Most often, the way in which they died determined the amount of kleos
they were given. However, once they reached the end of life, many found their struggle for kleos by way of personal gain did not earn them what they
truly desired.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Throughout the Odyssey, Agamemnon is depicted as an example of what not to do whereasAchilles is the example of the perfect Greek hero. Even with
such different representation, upon their death, both men learned what true glory was. For Agamemnon, he was killed in one of the most disgraceful
ways possible. He was cut down like an animal by the lover of his scheming wife who even "lacked the heart to seal my (Agamemnon) eyes with her
hand or close my jaw"(Od.11.482–3) Achilles on the other hand died a noble death avenging his friend upon returning to battle after being humiliated
by Agamemnon. In Odysseus's eyes "there's no man in the world more blest than you(Achilles)"(Od.11.548). All their life they fought and strove to die
a noble death for themselves when in reality the only glory they truly desired was that of their son's and whether their own actions left the world any
better. Both men, when given the chance, ask about their sons. Agamemnon requests information from Odysseus saying "Come, tell me this and be
precise. Have you heard news of my son?"(Od.11.519–20) Unfortunately for Agamemnon, Odysseus had no news of his son and both shared in their
sorrow. Achilles was more fortunate when he inquired "But come, tell me the news about my gallant son"(Od.11.559) Odysseus then launched into a
great description of Neoptolemus bravery and gallant actions while fighting at Troy. With the description of the scores of men his son killed and the
fighting ranks he leveled, the great Achilles ran off with joy in his heart "triumphant in all I(Odysseus) had told him of his son, his gallant, glorious
son"(Od.11.616–7). What a change from the man that Odysseus originally met in the underworld. Achilles found no happiness or joy in all his
accomplishments that he gave his life for. True joy and glory was found in his son; his lasting glory was more

Neoptolemus Influence On Odysseus
Success can galvanize even the most uninspired of people. Healthy ambition can soon turn to obsessive motivation and one's perspective can change
regarding how they will achieve their results. In Philoctetes by Sophocles, Neoptolemus suffers through a moral battle as he tries to decide whether the
deceptive means that Odysseus, his parental figure, plans to use will be justified, even if Greek army will be victorious. Odysseus acts, in many ways
as a form of guidance, and a protector to not only Neoptolemus, but to the entire Greek Army. His orders are made in order to achieve a greater good
even if the costs aren't entirely positive. Despite this, Neoptolemus has doubts about tricking Philoctetes even if the end result is winning the Trojan War
. Being his commander, Odysseus may have authority over Neoptolemus but he doesn't control how he thinks. In the opening scene, Odysseus lays out
a plan to trick Philoctetes into helping the Greek army ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neoptolemus proves that he values morals over the greater good through several different external conflicts with Odysseus. The younger man speaks
to his guilt often in terms of actions and, toward the end of the play, this is seen when he disobeys Odysseus and confesses to Philoctetes about that he
had been lying. His confession was brought by his discombobulated state of mind; his state of guilt drove him to do what he felt was the right thing.
Odysseus, however, had been angry when he found out, and, once again, he goes to the argument that without Philoctetes' bow the Greeks would lose.
With this point, he continues to call Neoptolemus a traitor and guilts the boy into following his orders and leaving with the bow. His harsh words and
narrow minded argument demonstrates how he continues to value success over

What Caused The Trojan War
Imagine you or your wife just gave birth to your new born baby. It was the happiest day of your life. But then someone came and told you, that you
were being forced to go to the war. You didn't know if you were ever going to return alive. But you couldn't just let your kingdom down. So you decide
to leave, and put everything on the line. The Trojan Warhappened 1250 B.C.E. The war was between two different kingdoms Troy and the greek
people in greek mythology. The war began when Menelaus demanded the return of his wife, and the Trojan people refused. Menelaus asked his
brother to lead an army to help free his beloved wife, and defeat Troy. Menelaus gather the best and greatest Greek heroes and formed his army. The
army included Achilles, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand Odysseus and his men had a much harder time getting home. Odysseus faced many obstacles on his journey home. They lost many
men various of times. The only survivor in the end, turned out to be Odysseus.
Odysseus and his men, first faced the Cyclopes. The men first thought that since they were visitors, then they should be fed like kings. But when the
Cyclopes returned to find that all his food was gone, he was not that happy. The Cyclopes than ate a couple of the Greeks whole. The Cyclopes
trapped the Greeks inside his cave by putting a bolder that no human could move. But Odysseus had a plan to save his men. Odysseus stabbed the
only eye the Cyclopes had. The men then were able to save themselves, and return to their ship and set of for Ithaca.
The men then sailed, and landed on the island of Cerci. There the men including Odysseus were treated like kings. Odysseus then had an affair with
Cerci. They stayed their for awhile, but then Odysseus then demanded that Cerci tell him what to do, to get back home. Cerci told him that he was go
to the underworld. Odysseus then went to the underworld, and there found that his mother had died. Tiresias told Odysseus the what he had to do, if he
ever wanted to see Ithaca

RANSOM BY David Malouf Class Notes
RANSOM BY David Malouf
Characters
Make brief notes in your workbook to describe who each character is
AgamemnonPeleusPatroclus
AchillesPriamBriseis
HermesHectorHecuba
ThetisIrisSomax/Idaeus
MyrmidonsNeoptelemusPolydamus
AutomedonHelenusCassandra
Background
Homer's epic poem, the Iliad, first started as an oral storytelling tradition dating from about 1100 BC, after the Trojan war.
It is part of the great oral tradition of storytelling in the English language, of which Shakespeare (the word "bard" is part of the tradition) and other
famous writers are a part. The stories are of heroes and heroines, wars and epic battles, great deeds and gods. They explore human nature and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Malouf tells stories within the story to illustrate the value of storytelling in looking at what it is to be human, qualities such as grief, paternal love,
fear, heroism, loyalty, pride, dignity, etc. He takes a critical moment out of the Iliad and looks at universal human values and lessons to be learnt in
times of deprivation and loss.
There are a number of stories within the main story:
Priam/Peleus
Podacres/Hersione
Patroclus
Briesis
Beauty
Somax's family
Neotolemus
Cassandra

Hermes
Priam's sons
These all serve to illustrate both the power of storytelling and its importance in human life and the meaning of the book, such as the nature of heroism
and the role of chance in human life.
Mythic tales like the Iliad tend to ignore the smaller, detailed stories within it; the narrative sweeps along in epic proportions and can be described as a
saga. By structuring the story into five parts:
1. Achilles
2. Priam 3. The journey of Priam and Somax 4. Confrontation 5. Resolution and using very little direct dialogue, Malouf concentrates on the human
aspects of storytelling – the people, and how they influence their own lives. His highly descriptive, at times intimate and lyrical style gives us a detailed
understanding of and empathy for his characters and the choices they face. The narrator plays the role of sympathiser and is, at times, omniscient in his
observations and understanding. (n.b. are Malouf and the

Empathy and Commitment as the Basis for Trust Essay
Empathy and Commitment as the Basis for Trust In Philoctetes by Sophocles, Odysseus commands Neoptolemos to abandon justice and base a
relationship with Philoctetes on dishonesty to gain his trust and ultimately his bow. However, Neoptolemos acknowledges a similar burden plagues
Philoctetes that becomes the basis of trust between them. Neoptolemos attempts to reconcile with Odysseus' orders by stealing the bow and abandoning
Philoctetes. Unable to fulfill the orders, Neoptolemos returns to Philoctetes indicating his commitment and his lack of trust with the Atreidai. Therefore,
Sophocles challenges that trust is based on empathy and commitment as evident in Philoctetes' and Neoptolemos' relationship. Empathy forms the
basis for trust ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neoptolemos begins to empathize with Philoctetes and his situation as he recounts "I was infuriated...since he was going to rob me of/the arms that
were mine" (ln.376–377). Neoptolemos recognizes the theft of Herakles' bow parallels his loss of Achilles' armor. The "fury" of Neoptolemos is the
result of the cognizance of apathy and injustice as honored values of Odysseus and the Greeks. Odysseus becomes a common enemy for Neoptolemos
and Philoctetes as the armor and bow are ultimately obtained by the values of Odysseus. Neoptolemos alludes to his inevitable resentment of Odysseus
by stating "those in power; for the entire city, the whole army/is in the hands of those who rule; those men who are/wanting/in the discipline become
evil by example of their/teachers" (ln.385–390). Neoptolemos amends for his swift acceptance of Odysseus' ability to ignore shame by stating
"men...become evil by example of their/teachers" in order to prevent the corruption of his character by preserving qualities that differentiate him from
the Greeks. In his deception, Neoptolemos is able to empathize and trust Philoctetes over similar misfortunes regarding the thefts of divine artifacts and
prejudice against Odysseus. Philoctetes is able empathize with Neoptolemos by rewarding his kindness and justice. Neoptolemos agrees to rescue
Philoctetes from Odysseus and his pirates in order to gain his bow.

Mythology In Fan Mythology
The definition of the term Myth is that it is defined by its content, context, and/or its function. Most often when we think or hear the world myth we
think of ancient Greek and Roman stories that tell us tales of gods, heroes, and monsters; in the modern world it is also used to butter up
advertisements, and of course in fan fiction.
When you look at the concept of myth it has been important to the practice and analysis of fan work, including fan fiction, on three levels: content,
form, and theory. In terms of content, traditional tales including mythologies provide us with characters, narratives, monsters, and story worlds for fans
to use in the generation of new fictions, as proven by the 2,173 stories in the Greek and Roman Mythology ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Instead, mass culture is a method of cultural control, a key part of the workings of capitalist domination.
However, there is a strong distinction between mass and popular culture that seems to be no longer defensible to most media scholars and cultural
critics, studies of fan creations such as fanfiction have shown us just how entwined certain popular forms are with mass culture. Describing the texts of
popular culture as myths then becomes a way of claiming profitable culture as common culture and the basis for a genuine fan culture that exists
outside capitalist networks of production, distribution, and consumption.
Of the 2,173 fics on AO3, around half remain within the Greek mythic–historical story world: such fics set are set within the Iliad world rather than the
Odyssey, as well as fics about the Olympian gods such as the popular Persephone/Hades, to the obscure, Helenus/Neoptolemus. The most common
kind of story that can be found here is a retelling of a myth that fleshes out the description of the classical gods and heroes according to modern
fictional and psychological norms. There are two main kinds of modern retelling fanfictions on the AO3 site. The first being stories about how the
ancient gods and heroes have survived the modern world, and second, being crossover fics. In certain crossovers, the characters from modern
popular–culture texts meet classical gods and heroes, as in liliaeth's The Pet Whisperer

Achilles : An Invulnerable Achilles
"It's all Greek to me."
An invulnerable mortal? Keep reading to get more information on the famous Greek hero Achilles. Achilles' Greek name is Achilles but unfortunately
has no Roman name as they all called him upon his one name. He was a strong, young, and open–minded Greek leader during the Trojan War
(1194–1184 BC) and in fact was one of the most important heroes during the war slaying the Trojan hero Hector outside of the gates of Troy.Achilles
did not have any "powers" per se as he was only a mortal and not a god. However, his mother Thetis was very concerned with her sons mortality and
had a plan to make him invulnerable. So on one night she secretly grabbed Achilles and brought him to the River Styx. She then dipped him into the
magical waters making him invulnerable. Without regard to his heel that she was holding, his heel had never touched the water making it the only part
of his body with a human–like quality. This is how we got the name "Achilles heel" as we still use to this day. Then as he was just a young child at
the age of nine, a seer told Thetis that Achilles would heroically die in battle. After hearing this, Thetis disguised Achilles in feminine attire and sent
him off to live on the Aegean island of Skyros where Achilles spent most of his life.
In Greek Mythology it states that Achilles was born to Thetis the Nereid and Paleus, the King of Fthia in Thessaly Greece. According to Greek
Mythology.com, "Thetis was a sea nymph in Greek mythology,

How I Learned To Drive Play Analysis
"The body may heal, but the mind isn't always so resilient" (William Taggart Deus Ex Human revolution) this means the if you are injured you can
eventually you can heal, but sometimes you are scarred sometimes the wounds are buried so deep mentally, no amount of therapy, self–healing, positive
thinking can fill that hole. It changes you. Both authors Sophocles and Paula Vogel explores, how character deal with great physical issues or
mental pains and how they can regain their place in society or isolate themselves from it. How I learned to Drive by Paula Vogel who uses this play
to show the audience of complexities of psychological and sexual that is rampant in the family. Our two main characters are Lil Bit and Uncle Peck;
the family is played the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Philoctetes is defined by his disability, he has cast away from society due to his unhealable, despite his skills and possession of the ultimate
weapon his disability has rendered him useless and extremely bitter. Philoctetes is trying to find a meaning behind his suffering and feeling
abandonment. "After these tormenting labors you are enduring now, you, too, will gain a life of glory. You will follow this man to the city of
Troy where you will be cured of this dreadful disease. After that, you will be declared the bravest in the army since you will have killed Paris, the
cause of these troubles and destroyed Troy. The taking of that city, an act that will let you bring the greatest spoils of war to the highest meadows of
Oleta, your home, your father, Poems"(p91) Heracles tells Philoctetes about the good fortunes that might come to him if he follows him to troy and
ends the war. Philoctetes is weak and old he will be whole only if he joins them and end the war. Philoctetes answers that someone can be redeemed if
they just work

Alexander The Great Essay
Konark Raithatha
Alexander the Great
Acted as ruler of Macedonia from 336 to 323 B.C. Alexander the Great unified Greece, regenerated the Corinthian League and occupied the Persian
Territory. Alexander the Great was born in the Pella region of Macedonia on July 20, 356 B.C., to parents KingPhilip II of Macedon and Queen
Olympia, daughter of King Neoptolemus. The youthful leader and his sibling were upraised in Pella 's royal court. While growing up, alexander the
dark–eyed and curly–headed hardly ever saw his father, who spent most of his time involved in army crusades and extra–marital relationships. While
Olympia acted as a influential protagonist model for the boy, Alexander matured to begrudge his father 's nonexistence and philandering.
Alexander established his initial schooling in the guidance of his family relations, the firm Leonidas of Epirus. Leonidas, who had remained employed
by King Phillip to educate Alexander archery, horsemanship, and math resisted to resist his disobedient learner. Alexander 's next instructor was
Lysimachus, who used role–playing to capture the restless boy 's attention. Alexander particularly delighted in impersonating the warrior Achilles. In
343 B.C., King Philip II hired the philosopher Aristotle to tutor Alexander at the Temple of the Nymphs at Meiza. Over the course of three years,
Aristotle taught Alexander and a handful of his friends philosophy, poetry, drama, science and politics. Seeing that Homer 's Iliad inspired Alexander

How Is Neoptolemus Honorable
The story Philoctetes is the set point for the Trojan warm. The brave character Neoptolemus is being question on whether his actions were noble or
coward for choosing to do the ethical thing of helping a suffering Philoctetes in need of help. Neoptolemus character was under pressure when asked
to be deceitful and stole a bow and arrow from Philoctetes. Neoptolemus was out under pressure of choosing between good and evil, he could've easily
choose evil, kept all his friendships and be known as great to the gods but he chose to be good and made a wise decision, to even if it meant losing his
friends and the gods on his side.
Neoptolemus was a noble young man from the being of the story to the end but like anybody under pressure not to let people down he got blind–sided
and made the wrong move in hopes of pleasing the gods. However, with matter of times he learned the truth and return to being the noble, honest,
and brave young man he was raised to be. Any young Individual who can learn from his actions and be able to fix his mistakes and grow from it is a
noble individual. Neoptolemus' actions prove that he is a noble person after making a hard decision made winning the Trojan war possible.
The Trojan war was claimed impossible to win after its tenth year without the bow of Hercules. the bow was reveal to be with the stranded Philoctetes
who was bitten ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He called Odysseus out on his unethical ways and stated "I did wrong when I obeyed you and the Greeks, I practiced craft and treachery with
success". Neoptolemus is not proud of his actions toward Philoctetes and hated that he let Odysseus manipulated him into doing such an ennoble act.
Neoptolemus knew his actions would've had an effect on Philoctetes but it had a way greater impact than he had presumed. Neoptolemus realizing how
wrong doing and leaving it behind is a

Play Review: The Cure At Troy By Ann Price
The Cure at Troy was presented at Boise State University, at the Danny Peterson Theatre located in the Morrison Center. The play was directed by Ann
Price. The play was written by Seamus Heaney, based on Sophocles' Philoctetes. The play was written during the Peloponnesian War. In the Cure at
Troy,Philoctetes was abandoned on an island, Lemnos, after Odysseus ordered him to be left stranded on the island ten years ago. Philoctetes who has
a wounded–rotting foot, has a bow that the greeks need in order to win the Trojan War. The bow was previously Hercules and the bow does not miss
any target and it kills everyone. Philoctetes acts as the protagonist in the play, The Cure at Troy. Since abandonment, he has became wild, and
somewhat animal like. He has suffered for 10 years in the harsh elements of the outdoors. He eventually joins the greeks in the Peloponnesian war after
Odysseus and Neoptolemus find him, and the war ends once Philoctetes rejoins them and helps end the war with the bow of Hercules. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The play leads the audience to question and decide what is more important, doing the right thing for yourself or choosing what is right for an entire
group or in this case, the Greek culture. The Cure at Troy has a powerful meaning or theme that most audience members can relate too. Everyone,
most likely, at least once in their life will face issues and have to find a way to get over their pride in order to help others around them succeed.
Philoctetes has to overcome his own pride and evaluate the overall groups meaning of success compared to his

Analysis Of Homer 's ' The Odyssey '
Odysseus ' plan worked; however, he later discovers a prophecy indicating that Troy 's walls would never fall without the help of Philoctetes 's
magical bow – a weapon that once belonged to Hercules. As the play opens, Odysseus has therefore returned to the island – along with Neoptolemus –
in order to retrieve the bow. This plan would allow Odysseus to leavePhiloctetes in his exile while still getting what he wanted. However,
Neoptolemus views Odysseus ' plan as simple treachery and reveals all to Philoctetes. Upon discovering his old enemy 's new need for his bow and
his plans to wrest it from him, Philoctetes flies into a rage, swearing never to help Odysseus even though a cure for his foot also awaits him at Troy.
Until this point, the play 's focus had rested firmly upon Odysseus ' Machiavellian scheming and upon his villainy. But after Neoptolemus 's revelations,
the main obstacle preventing Philoctetes from returning to Troy and to his health is no longer Odysseus but Philoctetes himself. His stubbornness and
his pride prevent him from abandoning old grievances, and it is his obstinance that now becomes the focus of The Cure at Troy. In fact, Philoctetes
continues to rage throughout the latter half of the play, only ceasing when, finally, Hercules steps out of the Chorus and urges him to:
Go, Philoctetes , with this boy,
Go and be cured and capture Troy.
Asclepius will make you whole.
Relieve your body and your soul.
Go, with your bow. Conclude the

Odysseus Courage Quotes
In Philoctetes, Neoptolemus is faced with the decision of helping Odysseus in the challenge of deceiving Philoctetes, a Greek who was left on an
island due to his infection. If Neoptolemus agrees with Odysseus's challenge, he is promised to be praised and other material things if he deceives,
befriend, and steal Philoctetes's bow. His head gets in the way of his heart and ultimately makes the wrong decision that he later makes up. Despite
Neoptolemus being challenged with many difficult decisions, he overall ended up making the right choice in the end by giving back Philoctetes's bow
back after befriending him and learning really how much he struggled with his painful foot. Even though some may argue or oppose that he isn't a
good person, with the evidence of him giving his bow back, standing by him, and in the end going against Odysseus, he has good morals and values.
Neoptolemous shows his overall good morals through courage, actions, and decision making. These all play factors in how he ended up fixing his
wrongs. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neotolemous shows courage many times throughout this play. He showed courage when standing up to Odysseus, despite knowing his powers with
the Greeks. He says to Odysseus "My lord, I would rather do right and fail than do wrong and win" (Pg. 193 line 94–95). This quote specifically shows
that Neoptolemus has the courage to go against his lord in order to do what is right. This allows Neoptolemus to be fair and true to himself, his ethics
comes into play. Doing what is right is his goal. By the end of the play Neoptolemus allows his ethics to show. This also shows at the end of the play
when Neoptolemus returns Philoctetes bow. That is courageous to make something wrong, right but also shows his ethics by him fixing the

How Does Odysseus Influence On Society
In the play, The Cure at Troy, "by Seamus Heaney we ask a question," Does the greatness of a character lie in their nobility or their influence in
society through all three main characters in the play? (Odysseus, Neoptolemus, and Philoctetes). In regards to the character Odysseus from reading
this play we can ascertain that he first of all was a type of person that liked to trick people. Odysseus also appears to take on the role of antagonist
throughout the story and he also seemed to be on the deceitful side of how he lied to get the things he wanted. His influence on society was, that part
of, "His actions, although devious and underhanded, or consist with advancing the good of the Greek society; however, they are not entirely selfless

Euripides Support of WomenвЂ™s Rights Essay
Euripides Support of Women's Rights
One can hardly deny that in Euripides' plays women are often portrayed as weak, uncertain, and torn between what they must do and what they can
bring themselves to do. Other women appear to be the root of grave evils, or simply perpetrators of heinous crimes. In a day when analysis of characters
and plot had yet to be invented, it is easy to see why he might have been thought to be very much against women. However, when looking back with
current understanding of what Euripides was doing at the time, armed with knowledge of plot devices and Socratic philosophy, this argument simply
does not hold up. In fact, a very strong argument can be made to the opposite, that Euripides was in fact ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To better understand this difference, a more in depth explanation of the art of tragedy is necessary. Tragedy was unique of all the forms of Greek art;
it was seen as the only combination of the two "classes" of art. These two classes are named after Apollo and Dionysus, the two Greek art deities
(Nietzsche 1). The Apollonian influence was seen as the art of things of form and structure, the molding or creation of something tangible. The
Dionysian, on the other hand, was seen as the more plastic arts, music in particular, where the art lies as much in the performance as the conception.
The Apollonian was seen as a creation brought on by a dream–like state, perhaps induced by a god or sleep, while the Dionysian is usually attributed to
high spirits, such as drunkenness (Nietzsche 1). As stated before, Tragedy was the unique combination of these two art influences. The Apollonian
influence is seen in the writing of the play, as well as in its tangible aspects, the stage and costumes, for instance. The Dionysian art is represented by
the music and by the exclusive nature of each performance (Nietzsche 2).
The way Nietzsche saw it, the epitome of this was represented by the work of Sophocles and Aeschylus (Nietzsche 42). Euripides represented
something contrary to the art of tragedy in the way it had been previously implemented. It is well documented that Euripides consorted with

What Is Alexander The Great Legacy
Alexander the Great has the legacy of ruling the largest Western empire in the ancient world. He is known as one of the best–known rulers in ancient
history. However, little is known about his upbringing or his life before his legacy. Alexander the Great was born on September 20th, 356 B.C.E in Pella,
Macedonia and he died on June 13th 323 B.C.E in Babylon. While only living 33 years Alexander certainly made the most of his short life.
Alexander was born into royalty. His father was King Phillip II of Macedon, and Olympias the daughter of the King Neoptolemus I of Epirus: she
was known for infidelity. Growing up among royalty had its perks for one Alexander was taught a variety of many different subjects by a variety of
many philosophers. Leonidas was Alexander's first tutor and was also rumored to be Alexander's uncle. Leonidas trained Alexander in the arts of Math,
archery, and horsemanship. In 343 Alexander began to be tutored by the famous Greek philosopher and scientist,Aristotle. Aristotle taught Alexander
for three years in the Macedonian village of Mieza. During those three years Alexander was taught philosophy, government, politics, poetry, drama, and
a plethora of sciences. Alexander's education ended in 340 B.C.E. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander's first military conquest was after only a year of his father's absence. Alexander led a small army to fight against a rival tribe. In 338 B.C.E.
he joined his father at war, and with a Calvary helped defeat two powerful Greek city–states, Athens and Thebes. Alexander had military prowess and
strategy that aided him well with Alexander's relationship with his father. Alexander's relationship with his father relied heavily on their cooperation
together on military tactics, so when Philip took control of Corinthian League: which forced Alexander and Olympias to leave Macedon, which
relationship ceased to

Neoptolemus: A True Noble Character In Philoctetes
Character is one of the most meaningful things that separates individuals. The way a person behaves when no one is around or when in tough
situations reveals true character. A person who has a true noble character will always find their way to doing the right thing. In Philoctetes,
Neoptolemus was noble when facing difficult situations which shows he is true to himself. Many times, when a person is asked to do things that is
questioning their true character, they either question or follow through with it. Neoptolemus is a true noble character because whenever he is asked
to lie he says "You are asking me to tell lies" this show he was uncomfortable and new to the idea of telling a lie to achieve something (Philoctetes 7).
Neoptolemus sticks to his true character when he said "why must I trick him why can't I use persuasion" This shows that he is truly bothered with the
idea of having to use the easy way out (7). This shows a solid character trait because it is so much easier to trick someone into doing something they do
not want to than asking them.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Neoptolemus struggles with this throughout the whole play. When Neoptolemus finally could not take it anymore and he decided to tell Philoctotes
the truth you could tell he wrong when he said "I shall be exposed as base. This is what I've been agonizing over all this time" it is clear that
Neoptolemus is struggling about not telling the truth the whole time (67). Going against morals when you are a genuinely good person will eat away
at you. Another example of Neoptolemus feeling bad for not telling the truth is when he says "I'm not going to leave you. Its where I'm sending you
that is causing the pain" he clearly states that he is feeling pain because he know what he might do is wrong (69). Neoptolemus could not hold in the
wrong he was doing because it was eating him up which shows his character is genuinely

Alexander The Great: One Of The Ancient World's Greatest...
Alexander the Great Alexander the Great (also called Alexander III, and Alexander of Macedonia) is one of the ancient world's greatest generals.
Alexander came into the world in 356 BC. He was the son of King Philip II and Queen Olympias, daughter of King Neoptolemus of Epirus. He was
observant of how his father transformed Macedonia into a dominant military power. When he was a mere eighteen years of age when he became the
commander of the Macedonian cavalry. He became king at the age of twenty. Once Alexander was thirteen, his father invited the famous philosopher
Aristotle to come and tutor Alexander. His mother also favored this idea. When being tutored by Aristotle, Alexander learned Hebrew, Greek,
Babylonian, and Latin. Moreover, he learned the nature of the sea and the wind, the course of the stars, science, medicine, and philosophy. Whilst
Philip invaded Byzantium, Alexander assumed the leadership of Macedonia. During the period when he was in charge, he defeated the Maedi, a
people located in Thrace. Two years after the attack on the Maedi... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Alexander then proceeded to execute the princes of Lyncestis, who were allegedly behind the assassination of Philip. Moreover, he had all the princes
that could be a threat to him losing his power, put to death. Thereupon he gathered his forces, marched south and reclaimed a wavering Thessaly, and at
an assembly of the Greek League of Corinth, he was made commander–in–chief of the forthcoming invasion of Asia, already planned and initiated by
Philip. Returning to Macedonia passing through Delphi, where the Oracle proclaimed him invincible, he advanced into Thrace in the spring of 335,
forcing through the Shipka Pass, and squashing the Triballi. He then proceeded to restore the revolting cities of his empire, and then turned his
attention to bigger

Odysseus's Appearance in The Odyssey and the Iliad
In the works we have read so far there are many characters that show up more than once. These characters demonstrate the thoughts of the author they
were written by. We can find information about Greek culture by analyzing the different texts that characters show up in. I am going to argue that
Odysseus is a smart, versatile, and cunning character that shows a different type of masculinity than is portrayed by other characters. The first text that
gives Odysseus a major role is the Iliad. When Agamemnon suggests to his men that they sail home they do not hesitate in agreeing and stream out to
their ships. Odysseus steps in, restrains them and brings them back to the assembly (Homer, Iliad 2.55–225). Odysseus can be seen here as a keeper of
peace and order. He does not allow the men to take the easy way out. Once the men have left the ships the fool, Thersites, begins to shout at
Agamemnon. Odysseus and Achilles both share a mutual hatred of this man because of his constant provocation. Before Odysseus attacks Thersites
physically he takes an opportunity to voice his opinion, calling him "nothing but trash" (Homer, Iliad 2.269). Only after he has delivered a lengthy
speech to the man does he resort to violence, to the joy of all the people watching the scene. They go on to praise him for all the "good things [he] has
done for the Greeks" (Homer, Iliad 2.295). It is notable that he rouses the men with his words, something most of the other heroes do not have the

Sophocles Once Said, вЂњI Would Prefer Even To Fail With
Sophocles once said, "I would prefer even to fail with honor than to win by cheating.". One of Sophocles final pieces he composed was Philoctetes,
which emphasized how crucial it is to be considered noble or good among Athenians. If this perception is granted, a male can then be deemed worthy
of the title, "gentleman". The vital concept of what is viewed as honorable and moral during this time, contains a high correlation with justice and
determining what exactly is believed to be right or wrong.
From Plato's point of view, each person should strive to accomplish the highest level that is founded within their soul. Throughout the story of
Philoctetes, Neoptolemus practices soul–searching at its upmost intensity, while maintaining his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Since Odysseus has already achieved victory and honor, he lives vicariously through Neoptolemus. Due to Neoptolemus' willingness to carry out his
ruler's unnecessary orders, he continues to sink down further in the rankings. Moreover, it is noteworthy to consider Neoptolemus' individual soul and
analyze the actions and decisions he carries out. At one point in the story, Odysseus orders Neoptolemus to tell a lie and fool Philoctetes into handing
over his bow. Due to the tricky nature of Odysseus' tongue, Neoptolemus falls into a trap, which then forces him to make a decision whether to betray
his friend and help Odysseus to conquer Troy, or to let Odysseus down and keep his friendship with Philoctetes. SinceAchilles was a respectful person,
primarily known for his honor and victory at war, Neoptolemus is determined to follow in his father's footsteps and keep a positive image of his
family. Although the orders have been given to Neoptolemus, he has the decision to do as he is told, or do just as his father would have done.
Neoptolemus realizes that it is important for the city that the just decision is made, even though the bow is an essential item that is needed to defeat
and conquer the city of Troy. In this moment, Neoptolemus goes against Odysseus and does not fall for the trick that was presented to him; and
because of this decision, Neoptolemus' soul descends even lower,

A Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles Essay
A Comparative Analysis of Odysseus and Achilles
The Trojan War was more than a series of battles between opposing forces, it was the climax of an age of heroes. The retrieval of Helen brought
together many of the mythological characters of that time onto a single stage. Of the thousands of brave men who fought at Ilion, two men stood
above the masses, sharing the title of hero. They were born in the line of those on Mt. Olympus, favored by the gods. Excelling in courage and skill,
adored by those who followed them into battle, the actions of Achilles and Odysseus achieved a high place in Greek mythology. Through analysis we
see that Odysseus and Achilles were close variations upon the same theme. The similarities between Odysseus and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Both fathers would have been expected to raise their sons to be wise in the ways of war, and to show all the characteristics of a great Greek military
leader. We also see that the mothers of both men are very concerned for them, possibly more than expected. Thetis tries to hide Achilles when he is
being recruited by the Acheans, and also goes to Hephaestus to have him a new suit of armor made. Anticlea, the mother of Odysseus, literally worries
herself to death when her son does not return home from the war. Odysseus and Achilles also feature a common relationship with their sons. In the
afterlife, Odysseus questions his mother of the fates of his son and father (Odyssey 11.173). Only a few lines later Achilles asks the same question of
Odysseus (Odyssey 11.515–517). Presumed dead, Odysseus appears to lack the kleos that would be passed on to Telemachus, a force that might
empower him to take control of the House of Odysseus. Neoptolemus, on the other hand, is fully aware of the fame his father achieved and with this
knowledge he joins the battle at Troy. Another twist in the father–son relationship exists in the armaments of Odysseus and Achilles. Achilles uses a
spear given to him by father which no other man had the skill to wield. Odysseus had a bow that no other man could string, save only his son.
Strength, along with appearance, is clearly a trait of both

Essay on Philoctetes
Philoctetes, the bowman, is a most haunting and ambiguous character of Sophocles. He represents the pain which the world subjects all creative
people to. Keeping his simplicity and innocence in a world of confusion and lies ends up being his greatest challenge. Through intense character
portrayal, Sophocles presents the story of Philoctetes in a way so that the reader can empathizes and truly understand the pain of Philoctetes.
The story begins when Odysseus and Neoptolemus are on a beach on the island of Lemnos. They are looking for Philoctetes. Odysseus tells
Neoptolemus to find Philoctetes, and tell him that he is the son of Achilles. Odysseus wants him to become friendly with Philoctetes and gain his trust.
When he has accomplished ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Philoctetes is greatly impressed by the bow, and when he admires it, Philoctetes tells him that anything of his is also to be considered Neoptolemus=.
He then discloses that he is close to dying and decides to give Neoptolemus the bow for good.
Neoptolemus is then stricken with sympathy and probably guilt. He tells Philoctetes the truth. Philoctetes realizes what has happened to him once again,
and begs for his bow to be returned. Odysseus then appears and shows Philoctetes no mercy. After continuing to beg for his bow, with no avail, he tells
them he is going to his father, who is dead, and retreats into his cave.
Neoptolemus and Odysseus then start to walk back to the ship with the bow, but suddenly Neoptolemus decides to return to Philoctetes and give him
the bow back. Odysseus is infuriated and leaves. Neoptolemus tells Philoctetes that he will take him home. Heracles appears and blesses them, and they
start on their way home.
When Neoptolemus and Odysseus are on their way back to the ship and Neoptolemus decides to return to Philoctetes, the reader sees the side of
Neoptolemus with a strong conscience. Even though it meant defying Odysseus, he put the life of Philoctetes above his own advancement. This
seems to be the point in the story where the reader realizes the internal struggle of Neoptolemus. One side of him wants to help Odysseus, and their
people, by bringing the bow back to fight, while the other side of him feels great

The New Hero of Aeneas Essay
The New Hero of Aeneas
Can myopia afflict an individual with so severe a malady to the extreme of proclaiming, "If you take from Vergilius his diction and metre, what do
you leave him"? Unless we take this statement as a neophyte joke, we may not be able to continue. The objective of this essay is to clean the bifocals
of those whom I presumed after reading the Aeneid as a botched–up replica of the Iliad and the Odyssey conclude that it is indeed so and go about
perpetuating such calumny. Hence, to answer the obvious, if we strip Vergilius of his diction and metre, we leave him a new type of hero. Well,
actually he leaves us a new type of hero, a hero that is foreign to the golden age of Homer. He presents a new ideal of ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Although he opens up with "This is the tale of arms and of a man" and suggests that his hero is another Achilles, or Odysseus, he has, before the end of
the first paragraph, shown that he reaches beyond Aeneas to the long history that followed from him: "and that was the origin of the Latin nation, the
Lords of Alba, and the proud battlements of Rome" (I, 6–7). Soon after wards, when he has noted the obstacles that the Trojans meet in their
wanderings, he again ends a period in the similar note: "Such was the cost in heavy toil of beginning the life of Rome" (I, 33). Once again, when
Venus complains that her son Aeneas is unjustly treated, Jupiter replies not only by promising that all will be well for Aeneas but by giving a
prophetic sketch of Roman history to Julius Caesar. This reward, which the ancestor is to receive, is much more than his own success or glory, more
even than his settlement in Italy. It is the assurance of the Roman destiny, of universal and unending dominion: "To Romans I set no boundary in space
or time. I have granted them dominion, and it has no end" (I, 278–79). As we can see, at the outset Vergilius shows what kind of destiny is the subject
of his poem. The wanderings, sufferings and ultimate success of Aeneas and his followers are but a preliminary and preparation for a greater theme.
Secondly, there is different theme in Vergilius' art. The fundamental

Ancient Greece's Degrading Attitude towards Women
The major principles and beliefs of Ancient Greece are grasped through their stories, those written by intellectual, philosophical men such as Ovid,
Euripides, Homer, Sophocles, and many others. Their captivating tales consisted of tragedy, chaos, deaths, love affairs, and heroic deeds; however,
they all had one minor flaw: the degrading attributes they gave to women, like that of infidelity and weakness. Their goals were to define men as
heroic, value their strength and hard work, emphasize their status, and to imply a patriarchal society. However, blinded by these over–powering
attributes, we easily disregard that women, too, in fact, showed signs of heroism and bravery. Their roles were essential, despite their depictions. Just
like today, women were the reason for protection, affection, guiding, rationale, and of course, life.
According to Euripides, Andromache very well proved her status as a wife. During this time period, the society in which Andromache was a part of
was considered to be patriarchal; in other words, the women of their time were oppressed; the expectations were on the men. One important issue,
and that, often stressed, was the embarrassment of a man if a woman, essentially his wife, would engage in a secret affair; the men were then called
cuckolds. However, this was not the case for Andromache, despite contrary belief. She had shown the characteristics of a loyal wife to Hector, before
his death during the Trojan War. She was a positive figure. After

Human Rights And The Rights
"Human rights" is a fairly modern concept, and it is one that has been getting a great deal of attention here in the early years of the twenty–first
century. While opinions differ wildly about what constitutes human rights, most modern world citizens believe that all people should have at least the
most basic rights. Human Rights plays a role in everyone's life, but not everyone realizes it. It's involved in every comment you make that includes
someone different. Every near discriminatory "joke" you say. It affects people, even if it doesn't affect you. Human rights means being able to hold
hands with the person you love, work where you're qualified to work without your skin color or sexual orientation being the reason you can't; it means
having the right to be human, making choices and mistakes. The doctrine of human rights was created to protect every single human regardless of race,
gender, sex, nationality, sexual orientation and other differences. The international community established international human rights laws that lay
down the obligations of governments to respect, protect and fulfill human rights. Throughout this essay I will correlate current news that have an
emphasis on human rights to the ancient past.
The San Bernardino mass shooting that occurred on December 2nd has all Americans panicked and worried. According to Los Angeles Times, Syed
Rizwan Farook and Tashfeen Malik, a married couple, opened fire at a holiday party at the Inland Regional Center in

Alexander The Great: A Hero's Death
Alexander the Great is dead. In his life time, his Macedonian Kingdom was the biggest empire humanity had seen up at that time. With his death
however, this empire would never be the same as many family and friends became worst enemies. These are the war of his successors. On June 11
323 B.C., Alexander the Great passed away in Babylon. He had a left a formidable empire, stretching from Greece to India. Yet its fate was far from
certain. Alexander's only living child was deemed illegitimate. His half brother Aridarus was mentally ill and though one of his wives Roxana was
pregnant, there was no guarantee the child would be a boy. A clash with the authority began and one of Alexander's greatest generals, Perdiccas
emerged as the victor. Aridarus became king as Phillip... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Believing the reports, Antipater divided his army into two. Craterus and Neoptolemus were to confront Eumenes in Anatolia while Antipater
continued south towards Perdiccas and Egypt. Nearly ten days after Neoptolemus's betrayal, the forces of Eumenes and Craterus faced each other
some where in the Hellespont. Craterus was confident in victory, as he expected Eumenes's Macedonian troops to quickly join him. Eumenes
however had other ideas. Knowing that his Macedonian troops would never fight against Craterus, one of the most revered generals at the time,
Eumenes devised a solution. He didn't reveal to his troops that Craterus was leading the army. Instead Eumenes told them they were fighting against
the treacherous Neoptolemus and a Barbarian warlord known as Pagris. Knowing that Craterus would place himself on the right side because of the
Macedonian rule of honor, Eumenes deployed a contingent of Asian and Thracian Cavalry to oppose him. Not a single Macedonian was included in
this unit. In the center, Eumenes deployed his 20,000 strong infantry with a core made of Macedonian soldiers, while the rest were from Asia Minor or

Alexander The Great: Conqueror And King Of Macedonia
Conqueror and king of Macedonia, Alexander the Great was born on July 20, 356 B.C., in Pella, in the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia. During
his leadership, from 336 to 323 B.C., he united the Greek city–states and led the Corinthian League. He also became the king of Persia, Babylon and
Asia, and created Macedonian colonies in the region. While considering the conquests of Carthage and Rome, Alexander died of malaria in Babylon.
Now Iraq on June 13, 323 B.C
Alexander the Great was born in the Pella region of the Ancient Greek kingdom of Macedonia on July 20, 356 B.C., to parents King Philip II of
Macedon and Queen Olympia, daughter of King Neoptolemus. The young prince and his sister were raised in Pella's royal court. Growing up, the
dark–eyed and curly–headed Alexander hardly ever saw his father, who spent most of his time engaged in military campaigns and extra–marital affairs.
Although Olympia served as a powerful role model for the boy, Alexander grew to resent his father's absence and mourning. Alexander's military genius
is undisputed. He improved ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although we lack sufficient details about his character, there was no doubt that he was an inspiring leader and personally a very brave soldier. He was
ruthless toward those who opposed him–even from within his own ranks–but fair and honest toward those who exhibited courage and skill. He
probably suffered from an overwhelming ambition and an uncontrollable temper that often arose from drinking excessive amounts of wine. He was
widely despised by many of the subject Greeks, whose attitude might best be summed up by the comment attributed to one Athenian orator who, when
informed of Alexander's death"What!"? Alexander dead? Impossible! The world would reek of his corpse!" In the end, his achievement appears to
have been a grand adventure tied to his own personal ambitions–conquest for its own

The Consolation of Loss in Greek Tragedies

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The Consolation of Loss in Greek Tragedies