Details about networks

1. M.SUJITHA,
M.SC STUDENT,
N.S COLLEGE, THENI.
EXAMPLE NETWORKS

2.  The Subject of Computer Networking covers
different types of example networks.
 They are:
 THE INTERNET
 THE ARPANET
 NSFNET
 ARCHITECTURE OF THE INTERNET
 CONNECTION ORIENTED NETWORKS
 WIRELESS LAN’S:802.11

3. The Internet is a vast collection of different
networks that use certain common protocols.
It also provides certain common services.
The beginning of the Internet can be disscussed
below:

4. THE ARPANET
 At the height of the Cold war, the U.S DoD
wanted a command-and-control network
that could survive the nuclear war.
 At that time , all military communications
used the public Telephone Network, which
was considered as vulnerable.

6.  TheBlackdots represents theTelephone
SwitchingOffices,eachofwhich is connected
withathousandsoftelephones.
 Thevulnerabilityof asthesystemwasthat
thedestructionofafewkeyTolloffices could
fragment itinto manyisolatedislands.
 Around1960,theDoDawarded acontractto
theRANDCorporationtofindaSolution.

7. Paul Baran , one of the Employee, came up with a
highly distributed and fault-tolerant design.
He proposed using the Digital packet switching
technology.
Baran wrote several reports to AT&T, But it was
restricted.
Several years went off, but DoD could not find any
solution.

8. THE ARPANET
In October 1957, the Soviet Union beat U.S into
space with the first Artificial Satellite named
SPUTNIK.
So the president Eisenhower created the single
Defence Organisation called ARPA(Advanced
Research Projects Agency)
ARPA tried to figure out what its mission should be.
Larry Roborts , a program manager tried to figure out
the mission.

9. THE ORIGINAL ARPANET DESIGN

10.  In 1967, Donald Davis, submitted the same paper
as Paul Baran with the implementation at National
Physical Laboratory in England.
 The NPL demonstrated the packet switching to
work.
 Roberts came away from Gatlinburg and built what
later becomes ARPANET.
• The Subnet consists of microcomputers called
IMPs.
• Each IMP is connected with 2 IMP’S and 2IMP’S
are connected with another two IMP’S.
• AND the ARPANET began to grow.

12. THE NSFNET
• NSF’S initial response was to fund the
Computer Science Network(CSN) in 1981.
• It connects the Computer Science
Departments with the ARPANET.
• NSF decided to built a backbone network
to connect six supercomputer centers.
• Each Super Computer consists of an LSI-
11 Microcomputer called FuzzBall.

13. THE NSF BACKBONE

14. ARCHITECTURE OF THE INTERNET

15. CONNECTION ORIENTED
NETWORKS
 A war has been going on between the
people who support connectionless.
 And, Subnets and the people who
support connection-oriented subnets.
 The main proponents of the
connectionless subnets come from the
ARPANET/Internet community.
 Examples:
◦ATM(Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
◦Virtual Circuits

16. ASYNCHRONOUS TRANSFER MODE
 ATM was designed in the early 1990’s and
launched amid truly incredible hype.
 ATM is solving all the world's networking and
telecommunications problems by merging voice,
data, cable television, telex, telegraph, carrier
pigeon, tin cans.
 ATM was much more successful than OSI, and it is
now widely used deep within the telephone system,
often for moving IP packets.

17.  ATM networks are connection-oriented.
 It sends data which requires the
first by sending a packet to set up
the connection.
 As the setup packet wends its way
through the subnet, all the routers on
the path make an entry in their
internal tables.

19.  The most practical approach is to
equip both the office and the
notebook computers with short-range
radio transmitters and receivers to
allow them to communicate.
 This works rapidly led to wireless
LANs.
 It is being marketed by a variety of
companies.

21. THANKYOU!!!!