describing and telling what actually ISIS is and how does it actually function

1. WHAT IS ISIS OR ISIL

2. CONTENTS
 WHAT IS ISIS OR ISIL
 HISTORY
 MILITARY AND WEAPONS
 FINANCE
 BEHEADING
 DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL AND RELIGIOUS
HERITAGE
 SUPPORTING ORGANISATIONS
 REFUGES

3. WHAT IS ISIL OR ISIS:
 The Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant is an extremist islamist rebel
group that controls large parts of territory in Iraq and Syria
 Has operations in eastern Libya, the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt, and other
areas of the Middle East, North Africa, South Asia and Southeast Asia.
 The group's Arabic name is translated as ad-Dawlah al-Islāmīyah fī al-
‘Irāq wash-Shām known in Arabic acronym Da‘ish or DAESH
 It is headed by Abu bakr al baghdadi.
 On 29 June 2014, the group proclaimed itself to be a worldwide
caliphate and renamed itself the Islamic State.
 It is termed as terrorist organization by US, UN , EU and other 60
countries .
 ISIL is known for its well-funded web and social media propaganda,
which includes Internet videos of the beheadings of soldiers, civilians,
journalists, and aid workers.

4. HISTORY
 The group originated as Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in
1999, which was renamed Tanzim Qaidat al-Jihad fi Bilad
al-Rafidayn—commonly known as al-Qaeda in Iraq
(AQI)—when the group pledged allegiance to al-Qaeda in
2004.
 As Jama'atand later AQI, the group participated since
August 2003 in the Iraqi insurgency which had followed the
March 2003 invasion of Iraq.
 Under the leadership of al-Baghdadi, ISI sent delegates
into Syria in August 2011 after the Syrian Civil War had
begun in March 2011. This offshoot named itself Jabhat
an-Nuṣrah li-Ahli ash-Shām or al-Nusra front and
established a large presence in Sunni-majority areas of
Syria within the governorates of Ar-Raqqah, Idlib, Deir ez-
Zor and Aleppo

5.  Having thus expanded into Syria, al-Baghdadi announced
the merger of his ISI with his Syrian-based offshoot-group
al-Nusra Front in April 2013, and changed the name of
the reunited group to Islamic State of Iraq and the
Levant (ISIL). However, both al-Julani, the leader of al-
Nusra, and al-Zawahiri, the leader of al-Qaeda, rejected
the merger. The group remained closely linked to al-Qaeda
until February 2014, when after an eight-month power
struggle, al-Qaeda cut all ties with ISIL—citing its failure to
consult and "notorious intransigence".
 ISIL is known for its well-funded web and social media
propaganda, which includes Internet videos of the
beheadings of soldiers, civilians, journalists, and aid
workers.

6. MILITARY AND WEAPONS
 Estimates of the size of ISIL's military vary widely from
tens of thousands up to 70,000 fighters.
 CIA estimates there are around 20 to 30,000 fighters
.Kurdish forces suggested that there are atleast 200,000
fighters.
 Statistics gathered on a nation by nation basis indicate:
7,000 from Saudi Arabia, 2,400–5,000 from Tunisia 500–
2,000 from the United Kingdom 1,000 from the Russian
Federation, 1,000 from Turkey, 900 from France, 550 from
Germany, 300 from China, 250–400 from Belgium, 250
from Australia, 150 from Sweden, 140 from Norway, 130
from Canada, 130 from the Netherlands, 100 from the
United States, 100 from Denmark,, 50 from Finland, 40–50
from Israel, 40 from Spain, and 18 from India

7.  .
 When ISIL captured Mosul Airport in June 2014, it
seized a number of UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters
and cargo planes
 Reports suggest ISIL captured Saddam era chemical
weapons from an Iraqi military base[93] and has
deployed chlorine gas based chemical weapons
against Iraqi Government forces, Syrian Government
and Syrian Opposition Forces,[94] and unidentified
chemical weapons against Kurds in Kobanî, Syria.
 ISIL has a long history of using truck and car
bombs, suicide bombers, and IEDs

8. FINANCE :
 It found that from 2005 until 2010, outside donations
amounted to only 5% of the group's operating
budgets,
 In the time period studied, cells were required to send
up to 20% of the income generated from kidnapping,
extortion rackets and other activities.
 Higher-ranking commanders would then redistribute
the funds to provincial or local cells that were in
difficulties or needed money to conduct attacks.
 In mid-2014, Iraqi intelligence obtained information
from an ISIL operative which revealed that the
organisation had assets worth US$2 billion making it
the richest jihadist group in the world.

9.  About three quarters of this sum is said to be
represented by assets seized after the group captured
Mosul. During its conquest of the northern Iraqi city of
Mosul, ISIS fighters looted more than 500 billion Iraqi
Dinar, worth about $420 million (308 million euros) at
current exchange rates.Exporting oil from oilfields
captured by ISIL brings in tens of millions of dollars.
 One US Treasury official has estimated that ISIL
earns US$1 million a day from the export of oil. Much
of the oil is sold illegally in Turkey. Dubai-based
energy analysts have put the combined oil revenue
from ISIL's Iraqi-Syrian production as high as US$3
million per day.

10.  ISIL also extracts wealth through taxation and
extortion.
 It controls around 300 oil wells in Iraq alone. At its
peak, it operated 350 oil wells in Iraq, but lost 45 to
foreign airstrikes. It has captured 60% of Syria's total
production capacity. About one fifth of its total capacity
is in operation. ISIL earned US$2.5 million a day by
selling 50,000–60,000 barrels of oil daily.
 Today the majority of the group's funding comes from
the production and sale of energy. ISIL earned
US$2.5 million a day by selling 50,000–60,000 barrels
of oil daily.

11.  ISIL is widely reported as receiving funding from
private donors in the Gulf states, and the
governments of Iraq and Iran have repeatedly
accused Saudi Arabia and Qatar of financing and
supporting the group.
 Unregistered charity organisations are used as
fronts to pass funds to ISIL. As they use aliases
on Facebook's WhatsApp and Kik, the individuals
and organisations are untraceable. Donations
transferred to fund ISIL's operations are disguised
as "humanitarian charity".

12. ORGAN TRAFFICKING
 How ISIS is selling human organs harvested
from living hostages and its own dead
soldiers to fund terror across the Middle East
 IS is hiring foreign doctors to harvest organs
in hospitals in Iraq and Syria
 Doctor in Mosul says new doctors secretly
flooding into his hospital
 They extract organs from dead IS militants as
well as living captives
 Organs then fed into global organ trade
through Turkey and Saudi Arabia

13.  IS is turning to various sources to fill its $2million-
a-year war chest
 They include drug smuggling, people trafficking
and oil production
 Most of the organs are then smuggled out of Syria
and Iraq into neighboring countries like Saudi
Arabia or Turkey where criminal gangs sell them
on to shady buyers across the globe.
 It claims the terror organisation has even set up a
specialist organ-smuggling division whose sole
responsibility is to sell human hearts, livers and
kidneys on the lucrative international black
market.

14. DRUG TRAFFICKING
 Al Monitor's report claims that
IS traffics Afghan heroin into Europe from the
city of Nineveh, which the Russian Federal
Drug Control Service (RFDCS) says is
generating 'significant revenues.'
 Its drug business has become so successful
in recent months that the RFDCS claims that
IS now supplies half of Europe's entire heroin
market.

15.  'The large-scale movement of Afghan heroin acts
as an ongoing financial base aiding the
functioning of the Islamic State, which secures
huge profits by providing half of the total heroin
supplied to Europe via destabilized Iraq and some
African heroin, which is sent from Iraq to Europe,'
the Russian Federal Drug Control Service issued
in a statement.
 However, crude oil still remains IS' biggest earner,
pulling in more then $1million per day as it is
produced from oil refineries captured in besieged
towns.

16. DESTRUCTION OF CULTURAL AND
RELIGIOUS HERITAGE
 The region under IS control in Iraq has nearly 1,800 of
Iraq's 12,000 registered archaeological sites.
 IS have controlled Mosul, Iraq's second largest city,
since June 2014.
 In order to finance its activities, ISIL is stealing
artifacts from Syria[346] and Iraq and sending them to
Europe to be sold. It is estimated that ISIL raises
US$200 million a year from cultural looting
 UNESCO's Director-General Irina Bokova has warned
that ISIL is destroying Iraq's cultural heritage, in what
she has called "cultural cleansing". "We don't have
time to lose because extremists are trying to erase
the identity, because they know that if there is no
identity, there is no memory, there is no history".

17. ISIL BEHEADING INCIDENTS:
JAMES FOLEY James Wright Foley was an American
who was beheaded on August
19,2014.
STEVEN SOTLOFF Steven Joel Sotloff was an Israeli-
American who was beheaded on
September 2, 2014
DAVID HAINES David Cawthorne Haines was a
British national who was beheaded on 13
September 2014
HERVÉ GOURDEL Hervé Gourdel was a French citizen who
was beheaded on September 24, 2014
ALAN HENNING Alan Henning was a British citizen, who
was beheaded on October 3, 2014
PETER KASSIG Peter Edward Kassig also known by the
name Abdul-Rahman Kassig was an
American citizen, who was beheaded On
November 16, 2014
HARUNA YUKAWA AND KENJI GOTO
JOGO
Haruna Yukawa was a Japanese national
reported to be beheaded on 20 January
2015

18. SUPPORTER OUTFITS:
 Boko Haram
 Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters
 Jemaah Islamiyah
 Ansar al-Sharia (Tunisia)
 Ansar al-Sharia (Libya)
 Mujahideen Shura Council in the Environs of
Jerusalem
 Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan
 Jamaah Ansharut Tauhid (pledged support to
ISIL; the majority of the group split off after its
leader pledged allegiance to ISIL).

19. REFUGES:
 Almost four million people have fled abroad to escape the
fighting in Syria. Most have gone to Lebanon and Turkey -
but a significant number have also gone to Iraq.
 UN estimates there are more than 2 million Iraqis who
have been forced to leave their homes to escape the
conflict and are displaced within the country or elsewhere.
 Of the two million people displaced within Iraq, nearly half
have fled to safety in Kurdistan, putting huge pressure on
the region’s resources, which has led the United Nations to
designate the situation as a level-three emergency, the
highest classification of a humanitarian crisis.
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