1. International Research Journal ISSN-0975-3486 RNI : RAJBIL 01488 VOL. I * ISSUE—3
‡ÊÊœ ¬òÊ- ⁄UÊ¡ŸËÁÃ∑§ ÁflôÊÊŸ
’„ÈU¬˝flÊ„UË ∞ÁÄUÊÁ‚∑§ ÷ÊÒÁÃ∑§flÊŒÊøË ◊Ê¢«UáÊË
* «UÊÚ. Áfl¡ÿ ¬Ê≈UË‹ **«UÊÚ. ÁŒ‹Ë¬ ¬flÊ⁄U
Dec.-09—Jan.-2010
*√ÿÊÅÿÊÃÊ, üÊË◊ÃË ∑§SÃÈ⁄U’Ê߸ flÊ‹ø¢Œ ◊„UÊÁfllÊ‹ÿ ‚Ê¢ª‹Ë (◊„UÊ⁄UÊc≈˛U)
** ¬˝ÊøÊÿ¸, ÷ªflÊŸ ’Ê’Ê ◊„UÊÁfllÊ‹ÿ •Êc≈UË, Á¡‹Ê ’Ë«U (◊„UÊ⁄UÊc≈˛U)
ekuoh bfrgklkrhy ifjorZukapk os/k ?ksÅu ,sfrgkfld (Caste) oa’k (race) vkf.k x.k (Tribes) ;klkj[;k oxkZi{kk
s
fodklkpk ,dla?k fl/nkar dkyZ ekDlZus ekaMyk- bfrgklkps fHkUu v’kk ‘kks”k.klaLFkk (Category) vfLrRokr vkgsr rsFks
HkkSfrdoknh fu#i.k The materialist interpretation of His- ek= mijksDr ,dizokgh ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknh vUos”k.ki/
tory fdaok ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdokn ;k ukokus gk fl/nkar nrhyk e;kZnk ;sr-s vkfÝdsrhy uoLora= jk"Vªke/;s ik;kHkwr
vksG[kyk tkrks- ekDlZP;k }ankRed HkkSfrdoknkP;k Dia- ‘kks”k.klaLFkk vtwugh VksG;kp (Tribes) vkgs- v’kk
lectical Materalism nk'kZfud n`‘Vhdksukuqlkj fof”kV ekuo VksGhlektkps vkdyu ,dizokgh ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknkP;k
lektkpk bfrgkl letwu ?ks.;klkBh ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdokn vUos”k.k i/nrhus gksbZuk Eg.kwu vesfjdu o ;qjksfi;u
;k vUos”k.k i/nrhpk (Methodology) voyac dsyk tkrks- ekDlZok|kauh cgqiokgh ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknh vUos”k.ki/nrhpk
z
;k vUos”k.k i/nrhyk oxhZ; n`Vhdks.k vlsgh Eg.krkr- voyac dsyk- R;keqGs ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknkP;k vk/kkjs
oxZioZ lektkP;k varkiklwupk ekuo bfrgkl gk oxZ la?kkkZpk
w lektfodklØekps fo'ysk.k dj.kk;k ekDlZoknh
bfrgkl vkgs- la'kks/kdke/;s ,dizokgh vkf.k cgqiokgh vUosk.ki/nrhps nksu
z
dkyZ ekDlZ] ÝsMfjd ,axYl vkf.k yqbl ekWxu ;kaP;k
Z Z izokg fuekZ.k kys- ts ekDlZoknh iaMhr izkXekuo’kkL=
lS/nkafrd ekaM.khrwu r;kj kysys gs ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknkps (Anthropology) ekWxZu vkf.k ,axYl ;kauk izek.k ekurkr
izk#i (Model) dsoG oxZ (Class) gh ‘kks”k.k laLFkk (Cat- rs ,dizokgh i/nrhps iqjLd`rsZ EgVys tkrkr- rj ts ekDlksä Z
egory) x`ghr /k#u bfrgklkps fo’ys”k.k dj.kkjs vkgs- ;k vkf’k;u mRiknu i/nrhyk izek.k ekurkr rs Lor%yk
izk#ikulkj dks.kR;kgh ns’kkrhy ekuolektkpk fodklØe cgqizokgh vUos”k.k i/nrhps iqjLdrsZ Eg.korkr- vUosk.k
,dizokgh (Unilinear) vlrks- Eg.kts izkFkfed oxZfofgu i/nrhrhy gh nqQGh ekDlZoknkP;k eqG ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknh
lkE;oknh x.klekt (Primitive Classless Communist So- vUos”k.k i/nrhrhy vfjVkrwu mn~Hkoyh vkgs
ciety) ] uarj xqykefxjhizFkkd oxZlekt (Slavery Class ;k dky[kaMkr o.kZ vkf.k tkrh ;k ‘kks”k.k 'kklu
Society)] R;kuarj lkeaizFkkd oxZlekt Feudal Class dj.kk;k laLFkk gksR;k- ;k lai.kZ dkGkr oxZlLFkk vfLrRokr
w a
Society)] varher% HkkaMoynkjh oxZlekt (Capitalist Class uOgrh- oxZO;oLFkk gh fczVh'kkaP;k vkxeukuarj Hkkjrkr
Society) vkf.k lektoknh lekt (Socialist Society) izFkep mn;kl vkyh- oklkgfrd Hkkjrh; lektkr
v’kk fodklØekrwu (Periodilisation) loZ lekt laØe.k izFkep oxZlc/k (Class relation) fuekZ.k kys-! rsaOgk
a a
djrkr- v'kkizdkjs ,axYl o ekWxu ;kaP;k ,dizokgh ,sfrgkfld
Z oklkgfrd lektkiklwu Hkkjrkr tkrhO;oLFkk o oxZO;oLFkk
HkkSfrdoknkus O;oLFksP;k *mn; fodkl var* i/nrhps oxhZ; tksMhus ukanr vkysY;k vkgsr- txHkjkizek.ksp Hkkjrkr fulxZ
izk#i izpfyr dsy-s gh ,dizokgh vUosk.ki/nr oxZlektkauk voLFksrhy ekuoh VksG;k ;k L=hlÙkkd x.k lektkr
vtwugh ykxw vkgs- R;kvk/kkjs jf'k;k] iwoZ ;qjksih; jkVªs] #ikarjhr (Gynacracy) kY;k- ijarq brj ns’kkr gk
phu] mÙkj dksjh;k] fOg,ruke] ijarq T;k ns’kke/;s tkr L=hlÙkkd x.klekt iq#klÙkkd x.klekt (Patriarchy)
çÚUâ¿ü °ÙæçÜçââ °‡ÇU §ßñËØé°àæÙ 223

2. International Research Journal ISSN-0975-3486 RNI : RAJBIL 01488 VOL. I * ISSUE—3
cuyk- rj Hkkjrkr ekr`o'kd x.klekt (Matriarchy)
a fl/nkar ;sFks ck/khr gksrks- dkj.k mijksDr dky[kaMkr 'kkskd
cuyk- tj iq#klÙkkd x.klekt vfrfjä mRiknu{ke 'kkld o.kZ fdaok tkrh ¼tekrh½ vkf.k 'ksfkr'kklhr o.kZ
¼[kktxh ekyeÙkspk mn;½ kyk- rj rks xqykefxjhizFkkd fdaok tkrh ¼tekrh½ ;kaP;kr gks.kkjs la?kkZ o.kZy;kaP;k
oxZlektkr (Slavery) laØe.k djrks- ;kmyV rks Hkkjrkizek.ks fdaok tkrhy;kP;k Lo#ikr gksr vlr] oxZy;kP;k
ekr`o'kd x.klekt cuyk vkf.k vfrfjä mRiknu{ke
a Lo#ikr ukgh-
kyk rj rks nklizFkkd o.kZlektkr laØe.k djrks- ;qjksikr v-Ø- tkr oxZ
L=hlÙkkd izkFkfed x.klekt iq#klÙkkd x.klektkr 1- Tkkr tUefl/n vlrs oxZ tUefl/n ulrks
#ikarjhr kyk- R;kuarj vfrfjä mRiknu{ke gksrkp] 2- O;oLkk; tUefl/n vlrks O;olk; tUefl/n ulrks
R;kps fo?kVu gksÅu oxhZ;Lrjhdj.kkrwu (Stratification) 3- csVhO;ogkj tkrh ckgsj ukgh csVhO;ogkj oxkZckgsj gksrks
rks nklizFkkd oxZlekt cuyk- Hkkjrke/;s L=hlÙkkd 4- jksVhO;ogkj tkrh ckgsj ukgh jksVhO;ogkj oxkZckgsj gksrks
x.klekt gk ekr‘oa'kd lektkr #ikarjhr kyk- ekr`o'kd a 5- vyx cfgd`r oLR;k vlrkr vyx cfgd`r oLR;k
x.klektkrhy x.kjkT;kauh ekxklysY;k x.kkauk ftadu w ulrkr
xqyke cufoys- R;krwu nklizFkkd o.kZlekt cuyk- 6- Tkkrhaps fu;eunaMu oxZipk;rh ulrkr-
a
o.kZlektkr [kktxh ekyeÙkk] dqVclaLFkk o lSU;nyk ,soth
aq tkriapk;r djrs
x.kekyeÙkk] dqylaLFkk vkf.k jktiq#kny o x.klSU; gksr-s fu[kG oxZoknkeqGs ekDlZoknh ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknkyk
;qjksikr xqykefxjhP;k oxZlektkuarj ekyd vkf.k xqyke tjh e;kZnk fuekZ.k kyh vlyh rjh ;k fl/nkarkps #i
gs oxZlc/k y; ikowu lkear tehunkj vkf.k Hkwnkl gs oxZ
a a (Form) dkyckg; kysys ukgh- dks.kR;kgh lektkP;k
vl.kkjh ljatke’kkgh fuekZ.k kyh- Hkkjrkr ek= nklizFkkd *mRiÙkh fLFkrh vkf.k y;* ;kaps fu;e 'kks/kwu dk.kkjh gh
o.kZlekt gk tkrhO;oLFkkd ljatke’kkghr #ikarjhr kyk- ,deso vUosk.ki/nrh ¼Methodology½ vkgs- dks.kR;kgh
;q j ks i h; lja t ke’kkgh lektkr tfeuhph ekydh lektkP;k HkkSfrd ik;iklwu ¼Sub Structure½ mRiknu ‘kDrh
ljatkenkjoxkZdMs gksrh] rj ‘ksrdjh gk ljatkenkjkP;k o mRiknu lac/kkiklwu lq# d#u ex rks beY;kdMs
a
tfeuhoj Hkwnkl ok dqGs Eg.kwu jkcr vls- Hkkjrh; ¼Super Structure½ xsyk ikfgts vkf.k ex ;k ,dw.k
ljatke’kkghe/;s ljatke tkrh ;k dsoG vkikiY;k oru vH;klkP;k veqrhZdj.kkrwu ¼Abstraction½ R;k lektkps
tfeuhP;k ekyd vlr] rj ‘ksrdjh vkikiY;k tfeuhps mxe varkps fu;e 'kks/kwu dkys ikfgts] vls ;k fl/
ekyd vlr- Eg.kwu *oxZ* gh laLFkk mRiknu lk/kukaP;k nkarkpk xkHkk ¼Core½ lkaxrks-% Eg.kwu dks.kR;kgh
ekydhvekydhoj vk/kkjysyh vlrs- rj tkr gh laLFkk lektO;oLFkspk bfrgklØe letkowu ?ksrkuk R;k lektkrhy
mRiknu lk/kukP;k ekydh vekydhoj vk/kkjysyh ulrs mRiknu'kdrhmRiknulac/k izFke lektowu ?ksrys ikfgts-
a
Ikkjaifjd ekDlZoknh ek= o.kZtkrh ;k oxkZf’kok; ;k mRiknu lac/kkuh lektkpk ik;k ¼Base½ cur vlrks
a
Lora= ‘kks”k.klaLFkk eku.;kl r;kj ukgh- R;kaP;k erkuqlkj vkf.k R;kojp R;k lektkph lkekftd] jktdh;] /kkfeZd]
o.kZtkrh ;k oxkZphp #is vkgsr-# ;kmyV dkW- ikVhy nk’kZfud] lkaLd`frd] bZekjr ¼Super Structure½ mHkh vlrs
gs o.kZtkrh ;k oxkZi{kk fHkUu vlY;kps Bklwu lkaxkrkr rs
s rsOgk Hkkjrh; bfrgkl letkowu ?ksrkuk ikjaikfjd ekDlZoknh
iqhy dksVdko#u y{kkr ;srs- Hkkjrh; nklizFkkd i/nrhus ,dizokgh ,sfrgkfld HkkSfrdoknkps oxhZ; izk#i u
o.kZO;oLFksr vkf.k ljatkeh tkrhO;oLFksr oxZO;oLFkk uOgrh okijrk dkW- ‘kjn ikVhy iz.khr cgqizokgh ,sfrgkfld
Eg.kwu ;k dky[kaMkr kysys la?k”kZ oxZl?k”kZ uOgrs- R;keqGs
a HkkSfrdoknkps vUosk.k i/nrh okijyh ikfgts-
*txkpk fyf[kr bfrgkl gk oxZl?k”kkZpk vkgs-*$ gk ekDlZoknh
a
‚ãŒ÷¸ ª˝ ã Õ
1 ik/;s izHkkdj]ekuo o ekDlZ Jh- fo|k izdk'ku] iq.ks 1980 i`- 113 2 ikVhy 'kjnekDlZokn Qqys vkacMdjokn lqxkok izdk'ku] iq.ks 1993 i‘- 180 3 ikVhy ‘kjntkrh;
s
la?k”kZ vkf.k dE;qfuLV pGoG] rkRi;Z fnokGh vad 1978 i- 180 4-ikVhy 'kjntkrhO;oLFkk fojks/kh y;kph lE;d n’kk] lR;’kks/kd ekDlZoknh twu 1982 i‘- 20 5- Jfed
fe=iqUgk ,dnk oxZ tkrh la?kkZokn—- rkRi;Z] twu 1981 i‘- 27 6 ekDlZ dkyZ,axYl ÝsMfjd esfuQsLVks vkWQ n dE;qfuLV] flysDVsM oDlZ] OgkWY;qe1 izksxzsl
ifCy’klZ] ekWLdks 1973 i‘- 108 7 ikVhy ‘kjniqokZDr 2] i`- 179] 180 8-e kDlZ dkyZÝkWe n bULVªkWMD’ku Vw fØVhd vkWQ iksfyVhdy bdkWukWeh dWfiVy vWUM vnj jk;VhaXt
s
ck; dkyZ ekDlZ] n ekWMuZ yk;czjh] U;w;kWdZ] 1932 i‘- 10] 11
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