1. International Reseach Journal,November,2010 ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 14
122 RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
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November, 2010
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v/kqfud dkGkr yksd'kkgh O;oLFkk toG toG loZ ekU;
>kyh vkgs- vkt txkr 1@3 jk"Vªke/;s yksd'kkgh 'kklu
O;oLFkspk fLodkj dsysyk vkgs- ^ekDlZoknh^ jktdh;
fopkjiz.kkyh oj jf'k;k e/;s iz;ksx >kyk ijarw rks ;'kLoh
>kysyk ukgh vi;'kh Bjyk vkf.k yksd'kkghpk ekxkZusp rsFks
lektkph okVpky >kyh- vkf.k yksd'kkgh 'kklu O;OkLFkk
loZekU; >kyh- yksd'kkgh P;k ekxkZus fofo/k {ks=kr pkaxyh
izxrh lk/; >kyh vkgs-ijarw yksd'kkgh O;oLFksleksj dkgh
xaHkhj leL;k vkgsr- mnk % jktdh; ng'krokn] vkfFkZd
ng'krokn]QqVhjoknhng'krokn]Hkz"Vkpkjkpsnkfj«;]fuj{kjrk]
jktdkj.kkps xqUgsxkjhdj.k vkf.k fglad l'kL= ng'krokn
gk v/kqfud yksd'kkgh O;olFksleksjhy ,d izeq[k leL;k
vFkok vMFkGk vkgsr-
txkrhy loZp ns'k ng'kroknkP;k =klkyk xzklys
vkgsr- leL;kus ihfMr vkgsr- Hkkjr] ikfdLrku] baXyM]
vesfjdk o “kstkjh jk"Vªkr ng'kroknh dkjok;k iqUgk iqUgk
gksr vkgsr- rlsp Hkkjrkr R;k lrr ?kMr vkgsr- i.k
dks.kR;kgh ns'kkP;k 'kklukdMwu R;koj vkti;Zar cankscLr
>kysyk fnlr ukgh- ;kpkp ifj.kke Eg.kts turse/;s
vlwj{khrsph Eg.ktsp ng'krsph Hkkouk fuekZ.k >kyh vkgs-
vkf.k lRrsoj vlysyk rkdroku lekt vkiY;kyk nMir
vlY;kph Hkkouk fuekZ.k >kyh-txkr l/;k ng'kroknh
la?kVuk vkgsr- Hkkjrkr iqVhjoknh] /keZoknh vkf.k Økarhdkjh
ng'kroknh la?kVuk vkgsr- rls fuoM.kqdhP;k dkGkr ng'kr
vkf.k jktfd; fgalkpjkpk okij dsyk tkrks-
Hkkjrkr ng'krokn dsoG tEew vkf.k df'ej iqjrk
e;kZnhr ukgh rj vusd jkT;kr iljysyk vkgs- eqacbZ fnYyh
lkj[;k eksB;k “kgjkiklwu rs mnxhj] ukansM] ijHk.kh lkj[;k
ygku “kgjkr ng'kroknh ckWEc LQksV ?kMowu vkf.kr vkgsr-
vesfjdsr 11 LkIVsacj 2001 jksth ^^;quk;VsM] oYMZ VªsM lsaVj
vkf.k vesfjdu laj{k.k [kkR;kps dk;kZy; ^isUVkWxkWu* oj
>kysys gYys txkr ng'kroknhps okrkoj.k fuekZ.k dj.;kl
dkj.khHkwrBjysysfnlrkr-13fMlsacj2001Hkkjrh;laLknsojhy
gYyk 26&11 pk eqacbZojhy gYyk gs Hkkjrh;p ukgh rj
txkrhy yksd”kkgh leksjhy vkOgku vkgsr- HkkjrkP;k
yksd'kkghiq<hy ng'koknkps vkOgku fopkjkr ?ksrkuk ik'pkR;
fopkjoarj ^IysVks* ;kaps fo/kku egRokps Bjrs- R;kaP;k ers
^^tksi;Zar rRoKkuh jktk 'kklukoj ;s.kkj ukgh fdaok jktkdMs
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rRoKkukps lkeF;Z o jktuSfrd dkS'kY; ,d= ;sr ukgh-
rk- i;Zar jkT;krhy nks’k nqj gksoqu iztk lq[kh gks.kkj ukgh-
**;k fo/kkukr larq"Brsy o vlrq"Brsyk usr`Ro tckcnkj vkgs-
ukxjhdkaP;kvlarq’VrsrwupukbZyktkrwung'kroknkpsmRiRrh
gksr vlrs-
ng'kroknkpk vFkZ o O;k[;k &
ng'krokn Eg.kts vkiyh jktdh;] lkekftd]
vkfFkZd]mfÌ"V;slk/;dj.;klkBhfglkRedvkf.kla?kVukRed
iz;Ru dj.ks gks;- loZlk/kkj.ki.ks xsyh fdR;sd o’ksZ vkarjjk"Vªh;
Lrjkoj yksd'kkgh jk"Vªkr ng'krokn /kqekdqG ?kkyhr vlyk
rjh ng'krokn Eg.kts dk; ;kph v|kigh lqLi"V O;k[;k
>kysyh ukgh- ng'krokn gk 'kCn Terroor ;k baxzth 'kCnkaps
ejkBh Hkk"kkarj vlwu gk 'kCn eqGs yWVhu Hkk"ksrhy ;k 'kCnkiklwu
cuysyk vkgs- Eg.kts Fkjdki fdaok ?kkcj.ks vlk gksrks-
vkrki;Zar ng'kroknkP;k 103 O;k[;k dsysY;k vkgsr- ;k
O;k[;ke/;s lq/nk ,der gksr ukgh dkgh fopkjoarkuh iq<hy
izek.ks O;k[;k dsysY;k vkgsr-
1½ izk-Mh-Mh- fczMkZ ;kaP;k ers & ^^vkfFkZd vkf.k lkekftd]
jktdh; o y’djh vU;k;kyk fnysys izR;wrj Eg.kts
ng'krokn-**
2½ fcz;k ,e tsufdUl &^^fagalsph /kedh ns.ks fdaok O;Drhxr
ng'krhph Ñrh d#u fHkrh fuekZ.k dj.;kdjhrk vk[kysyh
;kstuk Eg.kts ng'krokn gks;-**
3½ MkW- vkj-,e- ewrhZ &^^'kL=kapk /kkd nk[kowu R;kpk
mi;ksx d#u O;fDrxr vFkok lkewghd gR;kOnkjs Lor%ps
er nqlÚ;koj ykn.;kpk rlsp dkagh Bjkfod gsrw lk/;
dj.;kpk ,d ekxZ Eg.kts ng'kr gks;-**
4½ Hkkjr ljdkj &^^ng'krokn gh vlkekftd] vlkaLd`rhd]
vuSfrd] csdk;ns'khj d`rh vlwu R;kOnkjs fujijk/k yksdkaph
gR;k d#u lkekU; turse/;s ng'kr fuekZ.k d#u iz'kklu
O;oLFksyk vleFkZ Bjowu vkiyk gsrw lk/; dj.;kph ,d
O;oLFkk vkgs-**
5½ loZlk/kkj.k &^^fu;kstuc/n dsysYkk cyiz;ksx Eg.kts
ng'krokn gks;-**lk/kkj.kr% ojhy O;k[;so#u ng'kroknkps
Lo#i y{kkr ;sbZy- rs iq<hy izek.ks-
yksd'kkghr ng'kroknkps Lo#i &yksd'kkghrhy
ng'kroknkps Lo#i ikgr vlrkuk 'kL=kL=kP;k /kkdkus
ng'kr iljo#u vkiys egRo izLFkkfir dj.;kpk iz;Ru

2. International Reseach Journal,November,2010 ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 14
123RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
ng'kroknh xVkpk vlrks- ng'kroknh izkeq[;kus fujijk/k
O;Drh] lektkrhy egRokps O;Drh] iz'kklukrhy egRokps
vf/kdkjh o usR;koj gYys djrkr rs gYys ckWECkLQksV ?kMowu
vk.kus foekukps] vigj.k dj.ks lkekU; ukxjhdkauk vksyhl
Bso.ks] lkoZtfud bekjrh u"V dj.ks b- izdkjps vlrkr- ;k
gY;kP;k lekos'k ng'kroknh gY;ke/;s gksrks- l/;k ng'kroknh
ÑR;ke/;s gksrks- l/;k ng'krokn ,[kk|k jk"Vªkiqjrk e;kZnhr
jkfgyk ukgh- R;kps vkrajjk"Vªh; dj.k >kys vkgs- ;kr
lhekikj ng'krokn gk izeq[k leL;k vkgs- ng'krokn o
ng'kroknh la?kVusps ng'krokn o ng'kroknh la?kVusps
Lo#i /kkfeZd]tkrh;] izkns'khd] vkfFkZd o lkekftd vlrs-
i.k loZlk/kkj.k i.ks /kkfeZd oaf'kd Lo#ikpk ng'korokn
tkxrhd ikrGhoj fofo/k ns'kkr o Hkkjrklkj[;k ns'kkr
vf/kd lØh; >kyk vkgs- Hkjrkr l/;k lkaiznk;hd o
QqfVjrkoknh] ng'koknkus xaHkhj Lo#i /kkj.k dsys vkgs-
yksd'kkghrhy lkiznk;hd ng'krokn &
yksd'kkgh fVdfo.;klkBh vkf.k ;'kLoh gks.;klkBh
fof'k"V n`f"Vdksukph vkf.k fof'k"V ifjfLFkrhph vko';Drk
vlrs tls ukxjhdke/;s tkx#drk vlkoh ykxrs
lektke/;s HksnHkkokph Hkkouk vlw u;s ijLijk e/;s ca/kw
Hkkokph Hkkouk vlkoh ykxrs- rlsp R;kaP;kr lfg".kwrsph o`rh
vlkoh ykxrs- ijarw tkxrhd ikrGhoj fofo/k ns'kkr Mksds
oj dk<r vkgs- izR;sd /kekZps Lo#i vkn'kZ fopkjl.khZus Hkjys
vkgs- i.k izns'kkr vkt bLykehd dV~VjiaFkh;k cjkscjp fganw
egkj iaFkh;uk ns[khy ikslyh tkr vkgs- Hkkjrkr vYila[;kd
tekrhoj gks.kkjs gYys] ckcjh eTthn] usLrkukcwr dj.ks o
xqtjkr e/;s eqLyhe /kkehZd fo#/n >kysyh tho ?ks.kh ng'kr
gh loZ fganw lkaiznk;hd ng'krhpk Hkkx vkgs- ;kr ctjaxny]
fo'ofganw ifj"kn ;k lkj[;k la?kVuk dk;Zjr vkgsr-
yksd'kkghrhy QqVjoknh ng'krokn &
HkkjrkP;k lanHkkZr QqfVjoknh ng'kroknh dkjok;k
ok<ysY;k vkgsr- nksu n'kdke/;s vusd ng'kroknh xV
mn;kyk vkyh vkgsr- R;kpk foeksM dj.ks ns'kkleksj eksBs
vkOgku vkgs- Lokra«;kuarj ykxyhp Lora= ukxkYkWMlkBh
ukxkcM[kksjkP;k fgald dkjok;k lq# >kY;k- tEew dk'ehj]
iatkc] vklke] f=iqjk] ekf.kiwj] fe>ksjke ;k lhesojhy
jkT;krhy ng'krokn gk QqfVjrk izo`Rrhrwu fuekZ.k >kysyk
vkgs- iatkce/;s [kfyLFkkuP;k ekx.khlkBh ckcj [kkylk b-
la?kVukuh 1980 rs 1990 ;k n'kdkr fgalkpkjkps FkSeku ?kkrys
vkgs- iatkc e/khy ng'krokn vkrk laiw’Vkr vkysyk vlyk
rjh tEew dkf'ej o bZ'kkU; dMhy jkT; ;sFks QqfVjrkoknh
la?kVukP;k ng'krokn pkyw vkgs- tEew dk'ehj e/;s y’dj
, rks;ck] eqtkfgnhu tSLks & , & egen v'kk ng'kroknh
la?kVukP;k dkjok;k pkyw vkgsr- bZ'kkU; Hkkxkr f=iqjk e/;s
f=iqjk jk"Vªh; eqDrh vk?kkMh] vklke e/;s ;quk;VsM fyczs'ku
QqV]ef.kdiwj fyczs'ku QzaV] cksMks yWMP;k ekx.khlkBh uW'kuy
MseksØsVhd fyczs'ku QazV v'kk xVkaP;k dkjok;kauh R;k
jkT;krhy tuthou foLdGhr dsys vkgs- ;k QqfVroknh
la?kVukauk HkkjrkP;k “kstkjhy ikfdLrku v'kk ns'kkrwu enr
dsyh tkrs- R;keqGs gk ng'kroknh yksd'kkgh O;oLFksyk
vMFkGk fuekZ.k >kyk vkgs- /kekZps Lo#i foÑr dsys vkgs-
ijLijke/;s lfg’.kqrsph Hkqfedk ukgh- /kkfeZd dV~Vj iaFkh;
brj/kehZ;kaP;kckcrhrvlfg’.kqrknk[korkr-/kkfeZdng'kroknh
xVkrhy ng'kroknh izpfyhr /kkehZd O;oLFkk o pkSdV
cny.;kpk iz;Ru djrkr- ;kr fganw] f[kzpu] bLyke] T;w b-
/kekZrhy dkgh eqyrRok/kkuh /kekZP;k vk/kkjkus lRrk laiRrh
o izHkko fVdfo.;klkBh ng'kroknkpk vk/kkj ?ksrysyk vkgs-
;kr izkeq[;kus bLykehd ng'krok|kauh eksBk izHkko fuekZ.k
dsyk vkgs- gk ng'krokn lukruh fopkjkauk o eqyRkRo
oknkyk ek.k.kkjk vkgs- gs ng'kroknh bLyke gkp ,deso
/keZ Js"B ek.k.kkjk eqLyhe eqyrRoknkps iquZthou dj.;kpk
mfÌ’Vkus ;k xVkrhy la?kVukauh ng'kroknkpk vkaxhdkj
dsyk vkgs-rqdZLFkku] bftIrpk viokn oxGrk cgqrsd bLykeh
jk"Vkauh vkiY;k jk"Vªkyk bLykeh jk"Vª Eg.kwu ?kks’khr dsys
vkgs- /keZosMsi.kk gk eqyRkRok|kpk ,d izxV vfo"dkj vkgs-
tsgkanP;k ukok[kkyh txHkjkrwu bLykeh r#ukauk
vkd’khZr dj.ks /kkfeZd f'k{k.kkP;k ukok[kkyh dBj /kfeZdrk
o ij/kkehZdrk cny Ons'k Hkkouk HkMdfo.ks o fofo/k bLykeh
ng'kroknh la?kVukr R;kauk 'kkL=kL=kps izf'k{k.k nsowu
Hkkjrklkj[;k /keZfujis{k jk"Vªkr ikBowu ng'krokn fuekZ.k
djrkr- dk'ehj iz'u /keZ ;q/nkph ckc >kyh vkgs- ;kr vy
tek,r vy bLykehd xzwi vydk;nk ;k ng'kroknh
la?kVuk vxzslj vkgsr- ;k la?kVuk ekQZr dk'ehj e/;s
gtkjks yksdkaph gR;k dsyh tkr vkgs- o vkfFkZd lk/ku
laiRrh u"V dsyh tkr vkgs-
yksd'kkghrhy Økarhdkjh ng'krokn &
vka/kz izns'kkr rsyxauk] NRrhlx< jkT;krhy clrj
egkjk"Vªkr xMfpjksyh ;k vkfnoklh izns'kkr ihiYl okWj xzqi
;k ukokph u{kyoknh la?kVuk fgalkpkjh d`R; djr vlrs-
fcgkj e/;s j.kohj jsussus nfyrkaP;k olrhoj gYys dsys-
R;kyk izR;qRrj Eg.kwu ekdhZ"V dE;qfu"V lsaVj ;k ukokP;k
nfyrkaP;k la?kVusuh ng'kroknh ekxkZpk voyac dsyk vkgs-
ng'krokn fuekZ.k gks.;kl dkj.khHkwr ifjfLFkrh
iq<hyizek.ks lkaxrk ;sbZy &
ng'kroknh dks.kh gkSlsus cur ukgh- rj vfLRkRokn
vlysyh cuor vlrs- ng'kroknh gs ekulsp vlrkr- o
rh vkiY;krwup r;kj gksr vlrkr- R;kauk r;kj djrkr-
rh vkLrhRokn vl.kkjh 'kklu O;oLFkk rlsp IkS'kkP;k /kekZP;k
izkarh;rsP;k jk"VªkP;k v'kk pqdhP;k ladYiusP;k HkdkO;kr
;srkr- v'kkr fdR;sdkph fn'kk pqdrs o R;kauk ijr pkaxY;k
ekxkZoj vk.k.;klkBh dks.khgh iz;Ru djhr ukgh- jktdkj.kh
vkiY;k LokFkkZlkBh ng'kroknkl [krik.kh ?kkyrkr R;keqGs

3. International Reseach Journal,November,2010 ISSN-0975-3486 RNI: RAJBIL 2009/300097 VOL-I *ISSUE 14
124 RESEARCH ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION
ng'krokn ok<hl dkj.khHkqr Bjyk vkgs- 'kklukph /;s;
/kksj.ks /keZosMsi.kk] vkFkhZd HkjHkjkV LokFkhZi.kk] oSKkfud
izxrh] rLdjh] tkxrhdj.k] nkfj«;] csdkjh] nMi'kkgh]
fiGo.kwd /keZ LkaLd`rh Hkk"kk v'kk izdkjs ng'kroknkph
eqyHkwr dkj.ks lkaxrk ;srhy-
ng'krokn jks[k.;klkBh mik;;kstuk &
[kkyhy izdkjs ng'krokn jks[k.;klkBh mik;;kstuk vk[krk
;srhy-
1½ ifj.kkedkjd f'k{k.k &
ng'kroknkP;k fojks/kke/;s nqxkZeh mik;;kstuk
dj.k;klkBh ifj.kkedkjd f'k{k.kkph furkar xjt vkgs-
;krwu osG ykxrks ijarw ;kpk ifj.kke cjkp dkG fVdwu
jkgrks- f'k{k.kke/kwu ng'kroknh fopkj dj.;kiklwu ijko`Rr
gksrks- rs vf/kd lkeT;'k gksrs- f'k{k.k ek.klkyk /kekZa/k djhr
ukgh- ijarw vkiY;k lektkcÌy o ns'kkcÌy vfHkeku fuekZ.k
djrs- pkaxyk ukxjhd ?kMfo.;klkBh f'k{k.kkbrds pkaxys
nqljs lk/ku ukgh- R;keqGs ng'kroknkfo#/n 'kS{kf.kd lqfo/kk
miyC/k d#u ns.ks vko';d vkgs-
2½ jk"VHkDrh fufeZrh dj.ks &
ng'kroknh la?kVuk fg ns'kkis{kk /kekZoj] #<h]
ijaijsoj fo'okl Bsors- /kekZis{kk jk"Vª] bZ'ojh dk;|kis{kk
U;k;ky;kps Js"B lkoZHkkSeRo] /kekZa/k jktoVhis{kk yksd'kkgh
jktoV]lukru eukso`Rrhis{kk lkekftd lq/kkj.kkokn gh
vk/kqfud izxr ekuoh eqY; tursr #tr ukghr rksi;Zar
ng'krokn u"V gks.kkj ukgh-
3½ ikjn'kZd iz'kklu O;oLFkk &
izR;sd jk"Vªkr Ikz'kklu O;oLFkk osxosxGh vlrs- fg
O;oLFkk dke dj.;klkBh Hkz"V ekxkZpk mi;ksx djrs- R;keqGs
Hk"Vkpkj deh vf/kd izek.kkr gksrks- vU;k; gksrks vkf.k R;krwu
Jhear gs vf/kd Jhear gksr tkrkr rj xjhc gs vf/kd xjhc
curkr Eg.kwu v'kk izdkjph ;a=.kk ukxjhdkaps dks.krsgh dk;Z
iSlk ?ksrY;kf'kok; djhr ukghr- vkf.k iSlk gk loZlkekU;
ekulkauk feGr ukgh- rlsp vkarjjk"Vªh; ikrGhoj lq/nk
ns'kkrhy iz'kkldh; vf/kdkjh vkf.k iq<kjh ykp ?ksowu xqIr
ekfgrh ng'krok|kauk iqjforkr- R;keqGs gk ng'krokn ok<rks
Eg.kwugstjlaiko;kpsvlsyrjjk"Vªkjk"Vªkrhyiz'kkluO;oLFkk
lq/kkjyh ikfgts rh ikjn'kZd dsyh ikfgts-
4½ iz{kksHkd 'k"k.ks VkGkosr &
yksd'kkghjk"Vªke/;s'kklukusdsysysd`R;gs/kekZP;k fojks/kkrvkgs
vls dkgh dV~Vj /keZoknh O;Drh ekurkr- dkj.k R;kauk ns'kkis{kk
/keZ Js"V okVrks v'kk osGh rsFkhy /kkfeZd usrs tursyk ,d= d#u
iz{kksHkd 'k"k.ks djrkr- R;keqGs ns'kkfo#/n y<k;yk ikfgts v'kh
R;kph euksHkqfedk r;kj gksrs- Eg.kwu iz{kksHkd 'k"k.ks VkGkosr-
5½ dk;|kiq<s loZ leku &
dk;|kleksj Jhear xjhc loZtu leku fg Hkkouk n`< dsyh
ikfgts vkf.k lokZlkBh ,dp dk;nk gh Hkkouk ok<hl ykowu
dk|kps jkT; fuekZ.k dsys ikfgts dkj.k ng'krokn u"V
dj.;klkBh dk;|kps jkT; vko';d vkgs- gs dk;ns r;kj
dj.;klkBh dkgh dBksj fu.kZ; gh jkT;kus ?ksrys ikfgtsr-
ijarw uohu dk;|kpk nq#im;ksx gksow u;s gh ljdkus dkGth
?ksryh ikfgts-ojhy mi;kO;frjhDr brjgh mik; vkgsr-
;ke/;s izkeq[;kus ng'kroknh la?kVukaP;k izeq[kka'kh ppkZ d#u
erHksn nqj dj.ks- ng'krok|kP;k iq<kÚ;kauk idMwu dSnsr
Bso.ks] ng'krok|kaP;k vM;koj Nkis ?kkywu R;kaph “kL=s]
ckWEc] nk# xksGk tIr dj.ks] ng'kroknkfo#/n yksder tkx`r
dj.ks] xjhch deh dj.ks] csdkjh laiq"Vkr vk.k.ks] vU;k;
vR;kpkj deh dj.ks] izkns'khd vleksry u"V dj.ks] jk"VªHkDrh
ok<hl yko.ks] lkekftd vkf.k /kkehZd lkeT;l fuekZ.k dj.ks-
v'kk izdkjph mik;;kstuk dsyh rjp yksd'kkgh jk"Vªkrhy
ng'krokn u"V gksbZy-
fu"d"kZ &
Hkkjrkrhy yksd'kkghe/khy ng'kroknh /kekZpk vH;kl dsY;kl
ng'kroknkph vusd dkj.ks lkaxrk ;srhy lokZar egRokps eqG
dkj.k Eg.kts /kkehZd vlfg’.kqrk] izkns'khd vlerksyi.kk]
vkFkhZd fo’kerk gh vkgs- Eg.kwu ;koj mik;;kstuk dsY;kl
Hkkjrh; yksd'kkgh leksjhy o jktdh; O;oLFksleksjhy vkOgku
laiq"Vkr ;sbZy-
1½ izk- e-u- mnxkodj % vnz”; HkzLeklwj % ng”krokn 2½ ch-,y- QMh;k % Hkkjrh; “kklu o jktfurh 3½ jk’Vªh; lsehukj 19] 20 fMlsacj] ng”krokn o ekuoh gDd
%n;kuan dyk egkfo|ky; ykrwj Lej.khdk 4½ MkW- “kSysanz nsoukGdj % ledkyhu tkxrhd jktdkj.kkrhy iz”u- 5½ MkW- “kSysanz nsoukGdj % vkarjjk’Vªh; laca/k 6½ fojsanzdqekj
xkSaM % fo”o es vkardokn 7½ MkW- ns”kca/kq R;kxh % lkiznk;hd jktfurh ,oa fodYi % tSu vW.M tSu t;iwj & 1992 8½ MkW- xks[kys “kjnpanz % >qat ng”kroknk”kh
dkf’ej ,d vH;kl % fpukj ifCyds”ku iq.ks-
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