2. An umbilicqal hernia is a health condition
where the abdominal wall behind the navel is
damaged.
The buldge can often be pressed back
through the hole in abdominal wall, and may
pop out when coughing or otherwise acting
to increase intra-abdomial pressure.
3. Umbilical hernia is herniation at the site of
umbilicus.
Paraumbilical hernia is herniation at the
midline 3 cm below or above the umbilicus
..… Europian hernia society
4.
5.
6. Basically there are three types of umbilical
hernia are seen:
1. EXOMPHALOS:
It is developmental anamoly due to failure of
whole or part of the miidgut to return to the
abdominal cavity during early foetal life. So
the organs remain protruded being covered
by membrane;
Which contents
1.amniotic membrane
2. whortans gelly
3. iiner layer of peritoneum
7.
8.
9. 1. exomphalos minor:
Where the sac is relatively small and to its
summit is attached the umbilical cord.
treatment: just twist of cord and retained by
ferm strapping.
1. exomphalos major:
Umblical cord is attached to the inferior
aspect of large swelling containing samll and
large intestine and the portion of liver.
treatment: emergency surgery advised.to
avoid bursting of abdomen.
10. This is from weak umbilical scar, neonal sepsis
It is symptomless
Bulge seen when baby is crying
More often in male child than female 2:1 ratio
Initially spherical but if size increases it become
conical.
Strangulation is extrmely rare.
Treatment: 90% cases it cures spontaniously
within 12 to 18 months
If not cured surgical intervention after 5 yrs.
Counselling of parents.
11. Its protrusion through the linia alba just
above the umbilicus(supraumbilical) or
infraumbilical
Contents:
Greater omentum, small intestine transverse
colon
Majority of cases sac is loculated and
adhesions of omentum to fundus.
Seldom reducible.
Females are far major victims 5:1 ratio.
12. infantile/ congenital hernia:
Delay in closure of ring
Neonal sepsis
Failure to return coils
Aquired umbilical/ paraumbilical hernia:
Obesity
Multiple pregnancies
Ascitesabdominal tumours
Heavy excersise
13. Infantile umbilical hernia:
Upto 10% of infants higher in premature
babies
Symptomless and appear within few weeks of
birth.
Umbilical mass
Increase on crying toa classical conical shape
Stragulation is extremely rare below 3 yrs.
14. Female>males, commonly overweight
Mass above and below umbilicus,protruding
through umbilicus
Crescent shape of umbilicus
Painless or dragging pain due tissue
tension/obstruction
Firm and dull on percussion-omentocele
Soft and Resonant on percussion- enterocele
Mostly non reducible
Sometimes reducible
Expansile cough impulse in reducible cases.
17. 1. if defect is less than 1cm
Simple figure eight suture after reducing
contents in cavity
Repaired by darn technique.
18. 2.defect upto 2cm:
Mayo’s vest over pants repair
Mesh plasty for tensionless repairand
reinforcementof wall.
Apronectomy(excision of excess skin after
mayos repair)
19. Transeverse curviline incison
Hernia sac was identified and desected off
Adhesions were seperated
Sac was opened contents were reduced
Non viable tissue removed
Peritoneum closed
Defect in anterior rectus sheath extended
laterallyon both sides.
Elevated to create flaps(upper and lower)
Double bresting was done
Suction drain was kept
20.
21.
22. Defect is more than 2 cm:
Mesh repair is recommended.
1.within peritoneal cavity;(UNDERLAY)
Tissue seperating meshtrough the defect
fixed with overlap of 5cm
2.extraperitonealspace ; (preperitoneal)
Plane below posterio rectus sheath
developed
Care to be taken to avoid button holing in
peritoneum.
Linia alba closed over mesh
23. Retromuscular(sublay): linia alba opened
vertically.
Posterior rectus sheath sutured together
Rectus muscle elevatedto form retromuscular
space for mesh.
Mesh overlaps midline by 5 cm laterally.
Maximum diameter of mesh is 10cm
Most secure method.
24. INLAY mesh: applied by plugs
Having high recurrence rate.
ONLAYmesh repair:
Subcuticular
Simplest open repair
Close linia alba vertically
Mesh placed on anterior rectus sheath
Prone to infection
Seroma is major complication
Posterior and anterior componant seperation:
In giant and complex hernia.
25.
26.
27. Pneumoperitonum created.
2mm ports were inserted on lateral sides
lower abdomen and on on upper 10mm.
Contents of hernia were reduced by traction
and external pressure.
Non adherant mesh for intraperitoneal use
was fixed to peritoneum and posterior rectus
sheathusing staples, tracks or sutures.
28.
29. In cases of simple incarseration without
cliniacal evedence ofstrangulationrepair may
be attempted laproscopically
Mostly open surgery.
Open suture repair.
No mesh plasty is advised.
2stage repair may be advised.
30. Large seroma
Surgical site infection
Patients bmi more than 30 and defect more
than 2 cm
Cirhosis with uncontrolled ascites
Wrong surgical technique.
31. Use of mesh repair results decresed
recurrence rates for primary umbilical
hernias
For multiple comorbidity alwys repaire with
mesh.
There is high possibility of fewest ssi and
recurrence in sublay repair.
Topical gentamycinin addition to
preoperative intravenous prophylaxis to
lower infection rates.