Routine Commodity

Routine Commodity
Routine Commodity
Routine commodity is item that have low financial risk and low supply risk due to many alternative
available in the market. Low values or small individual transactions.
Items and services that are identified under routine commodity for Starbucks are store equipment,
furniture & fixtures, paper product (example cups, napkins, paper bag).
Basing on fiscal 2016 Starbucks have assets of $1,366.9 million on Furniture in 2016 compare to
$1,281.7 million in 2015 increase in $85.2million. $1,931.7 million on Store equipment in 2016
compare to $1,707.5 million in 2015 increase in $224.2 million. Hence it implies that they spend
$85.2million on Furniture & fixtures and $224.2 million on store equipment. And papers products
are commonly available and assessable in the market. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
automated ordering, online ordering via catalogues and procurement cards)
For Starbucks they can start of by standardizing the design of their paper products through the
world, so as to reduce the number of part number (SKU) in the system
An example of automated ordering is through Electronic Purchase orders (EPO), whereby company
will raise a requisition and their system will auto generated the requisition to Purchases order (PO),
and send it out to the supplier automatically. Starbucks can adopt this type of purchase practice for
their paper products.
An example of online ordering via E–catalogues is through suppliers web catalogues that provides
resources information on products and services offered and sold by the company. Starbucks can
adopt this type of purchase practice for their store equipment and furniture
Critical
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The Fetishism Of Commodities, By Karl Marx
The Fetishism of Commodities 1 The Fetishism of Commodities Karl Marx explain how society has
changed the perspective towards objects that the human being needs or do for pleasure and have
transformed them into commodities, popular things that people want to get, just to have it, instead of
finding a real use in their daily live. These situations create what he calls a fetishism of
commodities, where people want to buy or sell something just for desire and not for the real
meaning of the object. The necessities in people's daily live leads them to create or develop those
objects necessary for existence. However, when people decide to use them as a business and make
them in a mass production,

Oil Commodity
Oil: More than just a Commodity To state that oil is just a commodity would almost be ignoring the
role it plays in our society. War strategy as we know it today may not exist without the use of oil.
Due to the difficulty of transport and manufacturing without oil, the economy of the US shows
dependence on oil in a way that it has not typically shown on other goods. Oil is not just a
commodity because it has more economic and militaristic implications than any one good. Although
oil can be traded for funding or other materials, it plays a much more vital role in our maintaining
our everyday society. Historically, the nations or states with the most access to oil have been
considered more powerful economically. There are few other goods that ... Show more content on
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Although there is not truly a free market as economists define it, there is certainly still a correlation
between supply, demand, and price. The oil industry in 2008 a prime example of this. According to
OPEC, oil prices were astronomical at over $120 to $140 per barrel for the middle of the year. he
only type of car to show an increase in sales from 2007 was the small or compact car, which showed
a 1.2% increase over 2007, while all other vehicles including trucks, SUVs, vans, and luxury
vehicles had at least a 9% decrease in sales. The bus came back as a way to get around and the
number of domestic flights decreased due to increased flight cost. Although oil is only one good, its
loss can impact several areas of the economy, with transport being one of the first industries to

The And Social Context Of Europe During A Post World War...
What is the role of consumerism in The Visit?
This piece is a direct examination of consumerism. On a broader scheme, The Visit surveys the
social context of Europe in a Post World War II environment. Like many play writers, Durrenmatt
demonstrates that his play, "like all cultural manifestations, is a product of the socioeconomic and
hence ideological conditions of the time and place in which it was written, whether or not the author
intended it so. Because human beings are themselves products of their socioeconomic and
ideological environment, it is assumed that authors cannot help but create works that embody
ideology of some form. (Tyson 66). The consequential setting was one of reconstruction of the
nation state through finance ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This encircling social framework of materialism and yield is insightful of the drama's thematic
significance. It is also demonstrative of the perspective that administrates the development and
expansion of all cultures and the persons within it. The townspeople slowly begin to accept the idea
of consumerism and are depicted wearing new shoes. The possibility of so much capital seduces the
town people into procuring services via credit, overlooking the penalties that may follow. Claire
knows that, eventually, the townspeople will advance her plan for vengeance because of their
present economic crisis and their desire for wealth.
Who is commodified and how?
Commodify can be defined as the ability to treat something that cannot be owned or that everyone
has a right to like a product that can be bought and sold. Furthmore, "many Marxist insights into
human behavior involve the damaging effects of capitalism on human psychology, and those
damaging effects often appear in our relationship to the commodity. For Marxism, a commdity's
value lies not in what it can do (use value) but in the money or other commodities for which it can
be traded (exchange value) or in the social status it confers on its owner (sign–exchange value)"
(Tyson 62). In The Visit, Claire commodifies sex as an item that can be purchased. Claire, herself,
was also commodified when she agreed to marry an old Armenian millionaire. The millionaire's

Commodity In Karl Marx's 'Substranged Labor'
In the first chapter of Capital, "Commodities Karl Marx introduces to his readers the relationships
between "things" and human beings. He defined commodity as a material or a product as a way to
understand how value works. His thing was to get his readers more involve in understanding that the
labor of time is necessary to produce the commodity. He uses bottles and pencils as an example to
explain commodities. According to Marx when embodied labor–time is measurable, it makes the
creation of relative value possible. This only happen when the material existence of things is put out
of sight in the market, but the value itself become an abstraction. The term use value, displays the
use of wearing a coat that can keep a person warm. And the word ... Show more content on
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The labor is measured by the amount of time employee spend working. When the employer tries to
impose the norm this is when the disciplining of bodies comes to place. Marx argument of the
relationships between "things" are only possible through the relationships between human beings,
which means that capitalist mode of production can only make it look like it's the other way around,
with the relationships between things can also makes the relationship between people possible. What
Marx was trying to do was to emphasize the reversal and the existing of reality in human. In The
"Estranged Labor'' the worker becomes alienated in the aspects and the Servitude of power. He
explained, that when the worker becomes a servant of an object' rather than being the object of a
secondary to the worker's needs, meaning that the poorer they are the more riches they produce. The
labor that is under free enterprise is basically use to continue the system in which a worker is
supposed to serve and products labor. The more the worker works, the more they are denied the
abilities of life. Many workers end up working in order to get objects, rather than getting substance
and by doing so they end up getting a little of

Nike Case Analysis
At the moment Nike has the upper hand over other corporations allowing for significant economic
advancements. Conversely, it is important that Nike does not only use these initiatives as advertising
ploys but rather actually continues to make real change around the world. There is a significant
amount of opportunity here for Nike to pressure other corporations and even governments into
acting against climate change and towards better social conditions (JASP, 2016). Nevertheless,
because of how much global influence Nike hold, they have the potential to do much more than that.
The corporation could work with various organizations, academic programs and NGOs in order to
do more research into what the most ideal conditions are and what kinds of needs need to be
addressed to better the overall social, economic and environmental conditions in which the
production processes is occurring (JASP, 2016). Furthermore, while Nike was inspired by ethnic
consumers, so can it promote ethnic consumption to those who might not have originally considered
these issues whilst purchasing these or even other commodities (JASP, 2016). The fear at the
moment, however, is that Nike is only in it for the money. During the boycott of the 1990s, Nike
could have avoided the crisis through acting sooner and recognizing the inequalities in their
corporation though they chose instead to ignore their demands (Jackson and Schantz, 1993, 32). In
fact, it was not until years later, when the longevity of the

Commodity In The Music Industry
Commodity is a word that is becoming increasingly associated with the music industry, as women
are pressured to put out a sexual image. Commodification in the music industry and society has been
present for many years. However this ubiquitous injustice has only been highlighted more recently,
due to more people speaking out about how wrong it is. I have chosen to write about this topic as I
believe is it relevant to today's society of gender equality. My topic explores all the ideas
surrounding my hypothesis of "To what extent has the Female body been commodified in the music
industry, from the 1970's to present day?" Through the use of a questionnaire, my research and
history timeline, I aim to link the environment of the music industry to ... Show more content on
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Clark (2000) "Women, Gender, and Religion," talks about how the Ancient Greeks believe men and
women were two different species. Men are the superior and women are the inferior. Clark says
{"Greek medical writers differ in their ideas about male and female bodies. The Hippocratic school
presented men and women as separate species (what we might call a "two sex" model),' whereas
Aristotle considered women to be, 'Imperfect or defective men in what has been termed a 'one sex'
model. Women lacked the firm control of bodily boundaries that men had. Women changed shape
during pregnancy, and they leaked: blood, tears, and emotion. 'Since woman does not bound herself,
she must be bounded.' This is achieved by organization of her space, prescription of her gestures,
ordering of her rituals, imposition of headgear, attendants, and other trappings."} This describes
women as a completely different and weak species, which have no control over who they are. They
are fragmented beings. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, believed that the way to "bound" the female
species was by trapping

American Food and Grains: Commodity and Ingredient...
American Food and Grains: Commodity and Ingredient Procurement
Background
The company was founded in 1969 as a flour milling company, after some diversifications the
company has today three major groups: Consumer foods, Agricultural foods and Restaurants.
Quality
The company's most important measure of performance is the food safety and quality.
They use a broader concept of quality: Quality of people, products and performance. Quality is a big
issue for the company.
Quality sector: QA (Quality Assurance).
Procurement
Procurement has five areas: commodities, ingredients, capital goods, packaging and MRO
(maintenance, repairs and operating parts). The major area is commodities, followed by ingredients,
creating the C&I ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These specifications could be revised.
In general what QA wanted from Procurement was consistency of ingredients and suppliers. *
Business units
Each business unit focused in a group of products, they were evaluated based on their profitability
and their objective was returns on invested capital.
Since Erikson joined the company Procurement has been increasing the links with the business
units. An example was the monthly procurement strategy meeting between them. Procurement also
made recommendations for the unit's ingredients. The meetings were considered very important by
both.
King alternatives and improvement programs
Since King assumed the commodities direction, she initiated three programs to improve their own
and their supplier's performance. She was also concerned about the deterioration in the performance
of Squier, a major supply of oils. * Vendor Analysis Program
She wanted a uniform method to evaluate vendor performance (different areas evaluated different
things).
She developed, with Erikson, a instrument for rating vendors on a number of key criteria, the form
was kept as simple as possible.
The buyers gave equal weight to the following performance areas: technical assistance, pricing,
logistics and quality.
The forms were evaluated by different areas, and possible inequalities were investigated.

They had them a chart "Vendor Quality x Volume of Business", the goal was to push the vendor to
the upper right–hand quarter

Aluminium Commodities
World production: 44.6 million tonnes (2011)
Despite being the most abundant metal on earth (in its raw state of bauxite), aluminium used to be
considered a precious metal. Only once the processes of extraction and smelting were made more
efficient and electricity became cheaper and more readily available did aluminium become what it is
today – the most extensively used non–ferrous metal in the world and the most liquid contract traded
on the LME.
Aluminium is extremely light, pliable, has good electrical conductivity and is resistant to corrosion.
It is used in a wide variety of products: cans, foils, window frames, car body panels,wiring and
kitchen utensils.
World aluminium production 2011 Region | % | Asia | 55% | Europe | 20% ... Show more content on
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Exercise will result in two futures contracts, one at the strike price and the other at the Monthly
Average Settlement Price (MASP). The effect is to generate a cash settlement which is settled on the
second business day after the declaration day for the TAPO month | Settlement type | Financial |
Trading venues | Ring, inter–office telephone and LMEselect (as a hedged option only) |
* LMEswaps
LMEswaps are financially settled LME futures contracts based on the Monthly Average Settlement
Price (MASP) of the relevant metal. Contract code | OAD | Contract months | Monthly out to 63
months | Price quotation | US dollars per tonne | Clearable currencies | US dollars | Averaging period
| The number of business days in a calendar month | Final settlement day | Two business days after
the averaging month | Settlement price

Women as Commodity
WOMEN AS COMMODITY Women As Commodity Since ancient times, There people who are
being sold just like a mere things sold in a market to be slaves, pimp, and it's quiet alarming that
even naive child is a victim of this kind of discursive life. Women have been also analyzed to be part
of those bundles of things paraded, bidded for, sold, and traded off despite the fact that women are
making huge contributions for the development of their countries in different aspects today, still
women are being tricked as commodity. In Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing, not only
focused on the love story of Claudio and Hero; the volatile relationship of Beatrice and Benedik but
it also goes much deeper in exploring the tensions between ... Show more content on
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Maternity is now divisible into genetic, gestational, and social motherhood, and these roles can be
spread among a number of women. This division is most apparent in the case of surrogate mothers,
where at least three (and possibly as many as five) women can attempt to claim parental rights over
a child. "If Mrs. A is infertile and Mrs. B agrees to provide ova to be fertilized in vitro with semen
from Mr. A, and embryos are transferred to Mrs. C, who agrees to carry the baby to term and hand it
over to Mrs. A and her husband after birth, the situation becomes extremely complex and the basic
tenets of family law uncertain." This situation creates the potential for enormous conflict over who
should be considered the 'mother' and has the concomitant parental rights and responsibilities for the
child. For example, in the Baby M case, there was a conflict between two conceptions of
'motherhood', the legal (commissioning mother) and the biological (surrogate mother). Surrogacy
breaks down and devolves the role of mother, separating the social and nurturing part of motherhood
from the genetic contribution and the birthing process. Commercialization and Exploitation While
surrogacy in general raises a host of social and ethical problems, I believe that commercial
surrogacy in particular can crystallize the difficulties that many people have with surrogacy, and
help us get to the core of how

Patriarchal Capitalist Society : An Analysis Of The...
Patriarchal Capitalist Society: An Analysis of the Commodity Fetishism of the Female Slender Body
This feminist study will define the commodity fetishism of the slender female body within the social
relationships of patriarchal capitalism and sales marketing. In American society, the female body has
a history of being exploited through patriarchal interpretations of the slender body as part of
capitalist commoditization. In this manner, unrealistic expectations of the female body are enhanced
in various advertisements, which show artificially photoshopped slender bodies. These distorted
images show a patriarchal preference for women's bodies that define the subjective market value
imposed through marketing schemes to sell weightless products. Two advertisements showing this
type of commodity fetishism will be defined through the marketing advertisements of patriarchal
corporate enterprises. A Marxist evaluation of the marketing of the slender body will define these
subjective social relationships that alienate women in the patriarchal commoditization of the slender
female body for marketing purposes. In patriarchal capitalist society, the dominance of male
perspectives on the female body is often presented through the image of the slender body as a form
of empowerment through a masculine point of view. For instance, Marx's interpretation of this type
of subjective patriarchal view defines how women are controlled through more masculine identity.
For instance, the

Commodity In Chemistry
Economic Investigation
The economic classification of a substance that is vital for the existence of humankind is an
important notion to understand in order to utilize it both efficiently and effectively. This necessary
liquid solution, comprised of a specific arrangement of hydrogen and oxygen atoms, is known as
water (What is Water Made of?). It is difficult to go through a day without the use of this liquid;
whether it be satisfying your thirst on a hot summer day, washing dirty dishes after dinner, or taking
a nice long hot bubble bath at the end of the day. A multitude of individuals can argue that the very
water that has a variety of uses should be considered a commodity. Correspondingly, there are a
multitude of individuals that can ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Because of scarcity, various economic decisions must be made to allocate resources efficiently
(Scarcity). Water may be a renewable resource, but there is only a limited amount to satisfy an
infinite demand. Only 3% of water on earth is fresh water, with only 1% readily available. The rest
lies underground in aquifers or trapped in glaciers (The World's Water). Due to the limited supply
and growing demand, several countries such as Brazil, Iran, and India are experiencing a shortage
(Reig, Maddocks, & Gassert , 2013). The law of supply and demand states that as something
becomes scarce, its value explodes. Water prices in the United States in over 30 states have
experienced a 6% increase due to a limited supply (Walton,

'Fetishism Of Commodities'
For instance, when the narrator discussed his affliction towards the materials he lost in the explosion
of his condo, he explained what Marx would describe to be as, "Fetishism of Commodities."
According to the narrator, he felt almost complete, as if what he possessed defined who he was as an
individual, "I had it all, a stereo that was very decent and a wardrobe that was getting very
respectable. I was close to being complete" (Durden 1999). The belongings he owned characterized
the type of consumer he was to the public. Tyler, therefore, made the following comment by
addressing, "The things you own, end up owning you" (Durden 1999). Tyler is, in other words,
telling his friend the illustration of his reality. Rather than accepting the fact ... Show more content
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Furthermore, we are surrounded by commodities, advertisements, media that resemble certain
purpose in our life due to the power we have associated it with. We do not need costly items, yet we
are determined to justify a reason to buy them in consequence of our humanity or what is considered
to be trending. Bureaucracy does an impeccable job with advertisements with the intention of
collaborating fame to establish what you should wear, use or fulfill in order to be acceptable to
societies modern–lifestyle. We have conceived a perception of delusion based on this analogy. For
instance, if a student were to wear a sophisticated wardrobe every day to an institute, one may come
up with a conclusion that perhaps that individuals style of living is on a high rank. We make that
assumption not based on the character of the individual, but by the contrast of what that persona

The Culture Industry And Commodification
By making itself more vulnerable to social and economic relationships, authenticity has turned itself
into a commodity. Something becomes a commodity when its social character is denied and is
abstracted to be exchangeable in the marketplace.24 The true concern of the mind is to avoid this
process of reification; if this fails to happens thought turns into a cultural asset and is simply used to
be consumed and used by the power structure.25 While The authentics despise the superficial and
vapid pseudoindividuality of the inauthentic individuals they simply fail to properly critique it.
Authenticity becomes another form of bourgeois thought. It represents the increased specialization
that stems from the division of labour rather than disruption. It is one of the many specialized forms
of thought that distracts people instead of having them question abstraction in the first place. It is
even worse than other aspects of bourgeois thought; the other disciplines do not proclaim to be
solving the alienation that they have caused.
The contempt of the culture–industry and commodification has itself been commodified in a series
catch words. The buzz words used by the authentics become no different than the words of
advertising.26 This jargon of authenticity has a certain rare pathos that allows for a higher exchange
value on the marketplace.27 There are various examples of authenticity 's marketability. "brand
authenticity" is defined as maintaining brand standards and style,

Commodity Derviatives in India
Commodity Derivatives Market in India: Development, Regulation and Future Prospects
Introduction The Indian economy is witnessing a mini revolution in commodity derivatives and risk
management. Commodity options trading and cash settlement of commodity futures had been
banned since 1952 and until 2002 commodity derivatives market was virtually nonexistent, except
some negligible activity on an OTC basis. Now in September 2005, the country has 3 national level
electronic exchanges and 21 regional exchanges for trading commodity derivatives. As many as
eighty (80) commodities have been allowed for derivatives trading. The value of trading has been
booming and is likely to cross the $ 1 Trillion mark in 2006 and, if all goes well, ... Show more
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Commodity futures trading in India remained in a state of hibernation for nearly four decades,
mainly due to doubts about the benefits of derivatives. Finally a realization that derivatives do
perform a role in risk management led the government to change its stance. The policy changes
favouring commodity derivatives were also facilitated by the enhanced role assigned to free market
forces under the new liberalization policy of the Government. Indeed, it was a timely decision too,
since internationally the commodity cycle is on the upswing and the next decade is being touted as
the decade of commodities. Why are Commodity Derivatives Required? India is among the top–5
producers of most of the commodities, in addition to being a major consumer of bullion and energy
products. Agriculture contributes about 22% to the GDP of the Indian economy. It employees around
57% of the labour force on a total of 163 million hectares of land. Agriculture sector is an important
factor in achieving a GDP growth of 8–10%. All this indicates that India can be promoted as a major
centre for trading of commodity derivatives. It is unfortunate that the policies of FMC during the
most of 1950s to 1980s suppressed the very markets it was supposed to encourage and nurture to
grow with times. It was a mistake other emerging economies of the world would want to avoid.
However, it is not in India alone that derivatives were suspected of creating too much speculation
that would be

The Cultural Theorists Karl Marx, Looking Into His Idea Of...
The Bindi, which is loosely known as the 'Tika', 'Pottu ', 'Sindoor ', 'Tilak ', 'Tilakam ', and 'Kumkum
' (Das, 2014) is a decorative dot that was traditionally worn by Hindu women in the middle of the
forehead (Antony, 2010). Bindi is a word that was obtained from the Sanskrit (a sacred language of
Hinduism) word bindu meaning "drop" or "dot". Bindi has been interpreted throughout India in
ways of having spiritual devotions in relation to the Hindu religion and is also an indication of one
being married. Although it maintains a traditional meaning to those from India and the Hindu
religion, it has since then become that of a fashion accessory. The aim of this assignment will
discuss the cultural theorist Karl Marx, looking into his Idea of commodity fetishism. The second
concept that will be used in this essay is that of Stuart Hall and his idea of Encoding and Decoding
and thirdly, this paper will discuss cultural appropriation in relation to the use of bindi in society
today.
The traditional bindi has religious and social significance to the people of India and those of the
Hindu religion. In a religious context there are three common meanings behind the bindi, one of
these is the area in which the bindi is placed (between the eyebrows). This is known as the "third
eye" or the sixth chakra, it is believed to possess energy which then controls concentration levels
whilst meditating (Das, 2014). Secondly, it is also seen as being a protective symbol in a way that is

Plastic as a Commodity
Silverman (2007), states that, "Plastic constitutes 90 percent of all trash floating in the world's
oceans". Plastic has become a well–known and wanted commodity around the world. It is a
commodity that is involved in most things that we use; however, we are oblivious of its bad effects.
In the article "Plastic is rubbish" it shows that in 2010 alone, Americans created 31 million tons of
plastic waste such as containers, appliances, and cups (n.d.). When plastic is used this excessively it
acts as a hazard and a harmful commodity, since it endangers the lives of many creatures including
humans. The way this commodity is disposed off should be efficient and should not result in
harming the environment either. To solve this problem, all governments should take action and
improper plastic disposal should be made illegal and its production should be moderated to lessen its
effect on the environment, human health, and overall on the economy worldwide. Governments
around the world respond differently to the issue of plastic bags, some are in the view that plastic
bags are harmful both to the environment and to human beings while others are in complete support
of their use. Single use plastic shopping bags are the most common types of plastic bags around the
world (Plastic Statistics, n.d). In most cases, these bags are distributed to customers free of charge
by shopping malls, supermarkets and other shopping places after purchasing goods. One

Pros And Cons Of Commodity Markets
1. Commodity Trading
Commodity Market
Commodity market is a place where trading in commodities takes place. These are the markets
where raw and primary products are exchanged.
These raw commodities are traded on regulated commodity exchanges, in which they are bought
and sold in standardized contracts. It is similar to an equity market, but instead of buying or selling
shares one buys or sells commodities.
Categories of trading commodities
Energy (including crude oil, heating oil, natural gas and gasoline)
Metals (including gold, silver, platinum and copper)
Livestock and Meat (including lean hogs, pork bellies, live cattle and feeder cattle)
Agricultural (including corn, soybeans, wheat, rice, cocoa, coffee, cotton and sugar)
How to trade in commodities
(i) Commodity Futures
A standardized agreement to buy (or sell) an asset in the future, at a price ... Show more content on
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Commodity Derivatives: An Introduction
Commodity derivatives markets have been in presence for a considerable length of time, driven by
the endeavors of producers, users and speculators(investors) to deal with their business and financial
risks.
Producers need to deal with the exposure to changes in the prices they get for their commodities.
They are generally centered around accomplishing the same impact as fixed prices on contracts to
offer their produce.
End–users want and need to fence the costs at which they can buy commodities. A clinic framework
might need to alter the cost at which it buys power for air conditioning during the summer. An
aircraft needs to secure in the cost of the jet fuel it needs to buy in order to manage the peak season
demand.

In the meantime, investors and financial intermediaries can either buy or sell commodities using
derivatives. They put capital that is crucial to encouraging the business of the producer and of the
end–user. They stand prepared to execute with these market participants; without them, producers
and end–users couldn't fence their

Stars As Commodities
Furthermore, the market functions are what forms their most important aspect of all; increasing
economic advantages. The market and the industry are part of the labour that produces and
distributes; both factors interrelate with each other. However, stars contribute themselves into
making commodities; both labour and what labour produces. Dyer (2005) argues stars as
commodities are distributed in several stages. Firstly, successful commodities are created from stars
with a reputable image, as 'the work of fashioning the star out of the raw material of the person,
varies in the degree to which it respects what artists refer to as inherent qualities of the material;
make–up, coiffure, clothing, dieting and body–building can all make more or less ... Show more
The emphasis on 'human emptiness' is compared to contemporary society where culture must be
somewhat 'positive' which produces the status quo; 'which does not mean that art is affirmative of
bourgeois values, for to affirm those values, however limited they are, is still to affirm a value, a
positive quality, to set against the tawdriness of the achievements of bourgeois society' (Dyer, 2002,
p. 13). However, Dyer (2002) argues certain objections of sheer manipulation; firstly, not all
manipulation works due to stars' fluctuating audience responses from their careers, i.e.: Anna Sten in
The Great Stars. In contradiction to Boorstin and Marcuse, Dyer's interpretation of manipulation are
raised against the view of the star phenomenon. Boorstin and Marcuse do not examine the content of
star images, but solely focus on the stars' outer appearances and 'superficial' content; 'where the stars
images are seen as acceptable in the medium and/or seen in context to their roles or filmic
representations' (Dyer, 2002, p. 14). Due to fluctuating audience control and outward appearance
used as manipulation, Boorstin and Marcuse identify human consciousness to play a critical role in
manipulation as it becomes dependent towards the behavioural

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Hedging Pros...
Advantages According to Goel and Gutierrez, they investigated that fluctuating procurement price is
one of the causes of inventory risk and through trading appropriate numbers of futures or forward
commodity contracts reduces inventory related costs for effective hedging. Hedging and the price
discovery functions of futures markets facilitates not only a better inventory management but
enhances the efficiency of marketing operations, production and storage. Another advantage to
hedging is that it insulates companies from volatile price movements and ensures stable revenue
income as price volatility can have an adverse effect onto revenue and disrupt cash flows.
Furthermore, through hedging, a company can ensure certainty in both the production ... Show more
As well as hedging also allows investors to separate between legitimate and irresponsible risk–
taking management behaviour. Therefore, hedging provides a solution by endorsing corporate
governance practices which allows investors to assess managerial performance. Investors would
take observe the benefit of hedging as it permits investors to not only accept that firms with more
stable returns have superior managers but measure management quality more easily as

Commodity Fetishism In Christina Rossetti's Goblin Market
Karl Marx's theory of commodity fetishism was the idea of the social relationship that involved
production as well as economic relationships surrounded by money and commodities exchange in a
market trade. Marx pointed out that the theory of commodity fetishism explained the social
association of labor was intervened through business sector trade, the purchasing and the offering of
items which is goods and service. One can see the relation of commodity fetishism and Christina
Rossetti's "Goblin Market" as "Goblins Market" showed the market exchanged of buying and selling
the items which is the fruits. By applying the theory of commodity fetishism and "Goblin Market,"
the reader used evidence from the text to reflect critically back to the theory itself. We see a point of
commonality where the relation of the Marxism theory of commodity ... Show more content on
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What Marx was explaining about the social relations and the individual's labour and products was
that the forms of distribution expressed the relations under which the recently delivered newly
produced total value as it conveyed among the owners of the different production component. To
explained this in depth, Marx pointed out that the value of a product started from the human being's
intelligent ascribed a relative quality to an item, the merchandise and productions made by the labor
of the worker. To apply this theory to "Goblin Market," the market was always open in the morning
and evening as the poem begins with the list of the fruits and the goblins' repetition of their union

What Is A Commodity?
What is a commodity?
Commodity is term that every one of us has heard at one point or another in life. Commodity is a
popular term thrown around in the financial industry, and was created five hundred years back
somewhere in the 15th century in order to describe a financial benefit or profit. Today, commodities
are considered as certain valuable goods that are produced in bulk and have certain uniform qualities
across the board. According to Wikipedia the definition of a commodity is as;
"The exact definition of the term commodity is specifically used to describe a class of goods for
which there is demand, but which is supplied without qualitative differentiation across a market."
From the above definition it is clear that commodities are not only in demand but also maintain a
consistent price. Here it is important to note that anything having a price must have a value. So
commodity must possess certain value in terms of its use or reuse. For example, ... Show more
Clay token were used at that time to represent specific amount. In Europe in the late 10th century
commodity market established in order to facilitate land, labor and services. Between the late 11th
and 13th century the market not only expanded but organized due to English urbanization and
regional specialization. In 1466 reliable scales were installed in the village of Sloten and Osdorp in
order to facilitate the villages to scale their local produced goods. The Chicago Board of Trade
(CBOT) was the first chartered commodity market established in 1849 in order to ensure a fair
trading. Few years later Chicago in 1865 introduced future contracts. In 1870 Chicago moved 60
millions of bushels that show the success of the market in its early phases. Looking at the success
the federal government began or properly regulates the market. A chronological summary of
commodities market is given here as

Commodity Racism
I watched the first black mirror episode and then the episode 3 (episode 1 stood out the most). One
of the first things that stood out to right from the beginning was how they tried to make it a really
future type feel, these episodes were actually really hard for me to watch because of the fact that our
world could turn out to be like the episodes where no one knows the world out side of their phone.
In the first episode a few terms that stood out to me was commodity fetishism, Hyper real, and a
major one was satire.
The first term that showed the most to me was commodity fetishism which is exchange value via
cultural status comes before use value, things are not valued for what they cost and connotations
attached to it, this process hides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
distorting or exaggerating reality. pertaining to or creating a hyper reality. This was really big when
she started to look in the mirror and laugh different ways and she automatically got a response on
how people would rate her based on how her laugh and how she looked was. Another part was when
her son was on the couch playing a video game with the virtual reality headset which made the rest
of the world invisible. When his mother walked in and asked him a question he had no clue that she
asked him a question, this also relates to when they were getting tea and how everyone was on there
phone and not talking to other people they were living their world through their phone. This is
probably the most realistic term that relates the episodes to the real life today. With the invention of
the virtual reality headsets this is one thing I could see and already seeing become a reality. Another
part where you saw this in the episode was when she meet the people going to tranquility con, those
people were living in a world where they characters not living in the real world and this is
something we already see today
Satire was one of the terms that I was the most in the videos. Satire means a humorous critique this
happened a lot in the episodes where people would rate someone and whether it be a good or bad
critique they would act like they are friends and put on a fake act to look happy. This tv show is
what I feel many people fear the world is going to be like and frankly if it does turn out to be like
this I don't even think it would be a world I would want to live

Moodity Definition Essay
Literary texts can be divided into commodities and non–commodities based on whether or not their
messages are benefitting the author directly. If a work is created to sell an ideal that may not benefit
the author immediately, it often has a larger impact on society, and it becomes a commodity.
However, if the work brings in any monetary value or help to its author, it is no longer a commodity
because it profited its creator. Because this can vary due to the use of the text by others, literature
can become a commodity to different degrees thanks to the interpretation of the work by their
audience. The term "commodity" itself, as coined by Marx, has a very broad definition. "The
commodity is, first of all, an external object, a thing which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
John Lennon, through his music, spread his view of the importance of world peace. He was able to
gain many followers to his movement and impact the world of music and politics through his music.
John Lennon himself was wealthy and did not need to spend his time and energy on trying to better
life for the less fortunate. Because he was actually able to send out his message and effectively
create rallies and movements in response to his views, his listeners made his music a commodity.
However, though his music was able to do a lot of good, it also was the reason he was incredibly
wealthy. Through his social status because of his wealth, he was able to spread his message. His
listeners, in order to hear his message, would buy his music and feed into his fame and fortune. This
defies the definition of commodity because his literature, or his music, was also very beneficial to
himself. Though his listeners used it to create political awareness of the need for peace, he also used
it to keep his name famous and to keep his income steady. This complicates his music as defined as
a commodity, and shows that an audience can give something use value and make it a commodity at
the same

Commodities Strategy: Grains and Gains
Alternative Asset Management Alternative Assessment Commodities Strategy: Grains and Gains
Overview: Commodities futures act as a way to speculate on the value of a commodity before it is
brought into market. Reacting heavily with global macro events, commodities can be volatile and
can result in great gains as well as great losses. Pricing of each commodity is directly related with
supply and demand. Commodities also offer the opportunity to buy a good without having intrinsic
value attached. With a stock there is an added value from brand name or the name of the producer as
Karl Marx says, ""From the taste of wheat it is not possible to tell who produced it, a Russian serf, a
French peasant or an English capitalist." (Marx). The commodities market features items ranging
from Precious Metals to Agriculture as well Commodity Basket ETFs. One can diversify by
investing in Gold, Silver, Soybeans, Cattle, Hogs, Crude Oil, and so on. Global Market Overview:
Major Economic Factors 1. Russia 2. Slowing Emerging Markets Russia– Starting in late February
after the Ukrainian Revolution, Russia's president Vladimir Putin has occupied the farthest eastern
part of the Ukraine, Crimea. Since then he has argued that Crimea should be occupied to protect
Russian citizens. Now, Crimea has succeeded and is now a state of Russia. Russia is currently in a
build up of soldiers and weapons near the border. As Russia does not look like it will budge or
withdraw its troops

Ethiopian Commodity Exchange
Executive summary
Agricultural market in Ethiopian has been long plagued by high transaction costs and non integrated
market information. Small scale farmers came to the market with little information.
Ethiopian commodity exchange, the newly established organization, is providing a market place
where buyer and sellers can come together to trade and be assured of quality, delivery and payment.
Currently, ECX has 496 members – 346 are suppliers and 150 sellers from the coffee industry. ECX
started operation of trading coffee in November 2008.
The main objective of this research is to create awareness about this infant organization and market
system, its role for coffee export marketing system and at large its contribution for the ... Show more
This research will contribute and benefit business organizations by making awareness and by
identifying problems to give some possible solutions.
1.2 Statement of the problem
Agriculture has always been the backbone of Ethiopia 's economy. Yet, lifting millions of Ethiopians
out of poverty requires transformation from centuries–old subsistence agriculture to dynamic,
technology–driven market–oriented production. This can only happen if the market itself functions
in such a way as to serve the needs of all concerned stakeholder of the market.
Ethiopian coffee marketing system is also on age–old tradition. To date, coffee markets have been
characterized by high cost and high risks of transacting, forcing much of Ethiopia into global
isolation.
Coffee trading is done on the basis of auction system which backed by poor technology and clearing
and payment system which drives up the processing and marketing cost and these leads to high
consumer price this forcing coffee exporter to be powerless into global market. In addition to his
small–scale farmers come to the market with little information and are at the mercy of coffee
supplier or collector in the nearest and only market they know, unable to negotiate better prices or
reduces their market risks.
Doing business in a standard and acceptable way is one of the competitive advantages in this global
market, especially for

Soft-Soaping Empire : Racism And Imperial Advertising
In the article, "Soft–Soaping Empire: Commodity racism and imperial advertising," the author
summarizes the symbolistic importance of advertisement in relation to soap representing a grand
scale of Victorian beliefs and values created by consumer capitalism. The marketing strategies to
promote soap were generated from the state of British society with regards to the general outlook on
race, class, and gender. Therefore, the propaganda attached to the advertisement of soap ultimately
generated its social and economic significance through commodifying strategies which continue to
reflect society to this day.
During the pivotal moments in British late 19th century colonial imperialism, along with
competitive capitalism and the emergence of the urban middle class, marketing strategies developed
aiming to increase retail for different consumer products. At this time, soap went from a "humdrum
item and a washing cursory" to a "Victorian fetishism" in British society as Victorians were
consuming 260,000 tons of soap a year (McClintock, 129) Hence, soap held more symbolic
economic and social importance than it previously maintained because of consumer capitalism
helping establish its value through advertisement. For example, in viewing soap through Marx's
commodification theory, soap undertook significant values as it was no longer a humdrum object but
rather a conjugated symbol for racial supremacy and domesticity in Pear's advertisement
(McClintock, 1995). This symbolism was very

A Commodity Sign
A 'commodity sign' invests symbolic meaning in products or services as a signifier with an image as
signified. In recent times, consumer culture is driven by our desire for superfluous wants, causing
the production and consumption of commodity signs to become more specialised according to the
notion of capital. Capitalism is characterised by economies that are based on open markets and the
ethos of individuality over community. French Sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (Distinction 1984)
introduced the schema of subcultural capital, which 'confers status on its owner in the eyes of the
relevant beholder' (Thorton, 2006: 100). Therefore people have the idea that they can buy
subcultural capital, as it is seen as self–revealing, in order to impress people or become someone
else (Frith, 1996: 5). Thus advertising was developed as a strategy in generating demand in a
contemporary consumer culture. Mass marketing has split the unity of signifiers and signified into a
language of appearances and images of which we realise as either visible, physical connections or
indirect connotations to that which they represent.
This essay will be addressing ideologies of consumer fetishism and pseudo–individuality through
examining the commodity signs found in the mass marketing and advertising of designer cosmetics,
particularly Chanel.
Commodity signs are assembled through advertisements, using already existent meanings and
turning them into modified meanings to suit their purpose. As consumers we

The Themes Of Intertemporal Price Relationships And...
Over the past hundred years, the topics of intertemporal price relationships and commodity storage
have yielded a diverse range of research questions, and a number of interrelated, yet sometimes
contradicting theories. This chapter gives a summary of the most influential theories on these
subjects, and relates them to the thesis. The four main themes identified are the theory of normal
backwardation, the theory of price of storage, the theory of competitive storage and the spatial–
temporal interpretation of storage. The main contributions to the literature will be grouped along
these themes, in a more or less chronological order. It must be noted that with the passage of time,
competing commodity storage theories evolved and interacted with one another in a way that
categorizing individual articles into one of the four main themes identified is a considerable
challenge on its own. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this review is expected to shed light on the most important controversies researchers faced
in relation to intertemporal price relationships, and summarizes the answers they have given. In this
chapter, a selection of studies and articles on the subjects of stationarity, unit roots and bubbles,
hedging and decision–making and behavioural economics are also discussed. These are more
loosely connected to the broad topics of intertemporal price relationships and commodity storage,
but are closely related to the study. The chapter is concluded with a summary of observations about
the development of intertemporal price relationships and the driving forces behind, approaching
from a practical, grain industry focussed

Elaborate and Explain the Organizational Structure, Powers...
Introduction Aside from the Companies Act 1965, the primary laws governing the regulation of
securities and futures in Malaysia are the Securities Industry Act 1983, the Securities Commission
Act 1993 and the Futures Industry Act 1993. The term 'securities laws' is defined in the Securities
Commission Act as meaning these Acts as well as the Securities Industry (Central Depositories) Act
1991: section 2. References to these laws also include references to any regulations, rules, orders,
notifications and other subsidiary legislation made under them: section 2A, Securities Commission
Act. The Securities Industry Act , which is formed on the provisions and structure of the Australian
Corporations Law and the Hong Kong Securities and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Securities Industry Development Corporation is linked and reports directly to the Chairman.
Other than that, there are four other departments directly linked to the Chairman as well, which are:
a) Office of the Chairman; b) General Counsel; c) Corporate and International Affairs; and d)
Investor Affairs and Complaints. As stated in the organization chart from its website , the Deputy
Chief Executive is also directly under the Chairman, with two Managing Directors reporting to it.
Under these two Managing Directors are branches of five departments which are: a) Strategy and
Development; b) Issues and Investments; c) Market Supervision; d) Enforcement; and e) Corporate
Resources. By virtue of section 5 of the SCA, no member of the Securities Commission shall hold
full time office in any public listed company. In an effort to dispel even the remotest appearance of
lack of impartiality or risk of conflict of interests, a member of the Securities Commission or any
committee who has or acquires a direct or indirect interest in relation to any matter under discussion
by the Securities Commission or any committee is required to disclose the existence of his interest
and the nature hereof. Failure to disclose may render the affected member guilty of an offence and
shall on conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding RM250,000 or imprisonment not exceeding five
years or both. Functions of the Securities Commission

Proprietary Technologies Vs. Infrastructural Technology
Proprietary technologies vs. Infrastructural technology
Proprietary technologies can be owned, actively and effectively, at times by a single company. For
instance, a pharmaceutical holding a patent on a particular compound that is the basis for a drug is
an example of proprietary technologies. Infrastructural technology on the other hand provides more
value when shared rather than used by a single organization. A company having all the rights to
building railroads is an example of Infrastructural technology. This company can operate efficiently,
but the effect to the economy is greater if the technology is shared and companies build railroads
that can connect more buyers and sellers. Holding proprietary technologies, according to ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, IT is nothing like transport or electricity, and according to Ben Bernanke, we are in the early
days of the IT revolution as computing speed and memory continue to increase – we've only scratch
the surface3.
Carr's reasons why IT is a Commodity
IT, according to Carr, has become affordable to all and therefore, it has been a commodity. He
further argues that the use commodities do not lead to a completive advantage, and believes that IT
has become commoditized for the following reasons:
IT is highly replicable
The arrival of the internet has accelerated the its commoditization
IT is subject to rapid price deflation
I agree with Carr's assessment on the commoditization of IT to some degree. For instance, it makes
no sense for an organization to spend money in customizing a product when a similar product can be
bought at a relatively good price. Organizations no longer write their application, they simple buy
one that is available in the market (e,g. Microsoft Office).
I do not agree with Carr when he states that organizations such as IBM and Microsoft recognize this
trend and have position themselves as IT utilities companies as more companies replace customized
application with generic ones. That the internet has increased the commoditization of IT by
providing a perfect delivery channel for generic applications and more and more organization will
obtain their IT requirement by purchasing fee–based web services

Gimi Woman Research Paper
"Do you see [the marks on] my leg from turning string? Do you see it? Then I make the bilum and
my husband takes it to the RCF office, and if I am lucky, someone buys it," explains a Gimi woman
from the Crater Mountain Wildlife Management Area in Papua New Guinea, speaking about her
new role in producing traditional handicrafts for sale outside the community. (West 2006: 200) The
bilum is a traditional string bag made by Gimi women that holds immense social value: made from
forest materials, its construction and exchange make up a large part of women's social relationships.
(West 2006: 202) The changing relationships between nature, capitalism, and development in Papua
New Guinea can be understood through the changing methods of bilum creation ... Show more
The role of women in this system of conservation–as–development is reevaluated as their labor
becomes commodified. Aside from the commoditization of handicrafts devaluing women's labor
socially, it also devalues it monetarily: since bilum making is so time intensive, commodifying it
removes the value inherent in women's labor and results in an overall low rate of pay. For this
reason, women come to resent conservation efforts, especially conservation–as–development efforts.
(West 2006: 206–207) Greater connection and access to the outside world have strange effects on
handicraft production: instead of gathering forest materials for bilum, "most women prefer to use
'store wool'... to make their bags," implying that imported goods are at least somewhat available to
Gimi women under the development schemes. (West 2006: 201) This undermines authenticity as
defined by the commoditization of the item, but cuts down on time spent per bag. However, women
still report feeling overworked and underpaid: "...all women were now expected to make bilum bags
for sale in the artifact shop," West explains, revealing the new commodified bilum bags as an extra
duty for women. (West 2006: 206) By commodifying this traditional labor, women's role in
development becomes confused. Is women's labor now a commodity? West posits "That women's
labor is now valued in terms of commodity exchange even when it is labor that has little or nothing
to do with the production of commodities." (West 2006: 207) This commodification of
traditionalism and new perception of the worth of labor is characteristic of the development of
Papua New Guinea as discussed in West's ethnography. The RCF and other conservation–as–
development groups are trying to use the lack of Westernized development in Papua New Guinea as
development in and of itself. This returns to the idea of ecotourism and the

Discount For Commodity
Discount for Commodities
In order to determine the necessities of the duty of goodness, the effects of present behaviors need to
be weighted based on the present and future's goodness through the utilization of cost–benefit
analysis. Whether implicit or explicit, ethics is always implicated when debating about climate
change, and so Broome, as a philosopher, examines and criticizes economists' ethical judgments.
Broom discusses and analyzes the discount rate based on commodities, well–being, and time used in
economic analysis of climate change.
The discount rate is a specific annual rate that expresses the future commodity value compared to
the present commodity value. It is based on a cost–benefit analysis when the future people's benefits
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The marginal benefit of money is the amount by which a small increase in a person's wealth
increases that person's well–being, and it is inversely proportional to a person's wealth (Broome
124). As a result of the growth of the economy, future people will possess more commodities and so
there will be a diminishing marginal value of commodities. Broome gives evidence that the
economy is likely to grow, so commodities should be discounted positively. If future people will be
better off as mentioned earlier, present people can discount for well–being because the value of an
addition to well–being in the future will be less than the value of an addition to present well–being.
Broome argues that this theory conflicts with utilitarianism, which gives a quantitative aggregation
of well–being. Utilitarianism can be a theory of human goodness; however, it does not distribute the
well–being among individuals. In contrast, Broome mentions Prioritarianism, which supports the
increase of well–being of the disadvantaged than to the privileged and promotes equitable
distribution of well–being. Prioritarianism and Utilitarianism are contrasting theories because
Prioritarianism, an ethical claim, supports discounting the value of marginal changes in well–being
to the future generations, assuming they are better off than the present people while Utilitarianism
does not

Karl Marx, Commodity Fetishism, An Objective, Valuable For...
To begin with I can't but mention that without assessing(considering, evaluating) Commodity
Fetishism both from the points of view of the philosophers of the past and economists and
businessmen of the present it's not an easy task to investigate the subject.
According to Karl Marx "Commodity Fetishism is the perception of the social relationships
involved in production as economic relationships among the money and commodities exchanged in
market trade".
In simple words it's the cult of the things selected and providing them with super valuation.
Commodity Fetishism transforms abstract, subjective aspects of economic value into real, objective,
valuable for people things.
Let me say a few words about the human nature. Each of us is material. We are sure we need more
than we really need to survive. That's probably, the main reason why socialism was unable to
compete with capitalism, especially former Soviet republics closed for bright, new, modern or brand
new trade marks. Big and small stuff becomes an integral part and an accompaniment(a supplement)
to a personality.
Speaking about the effects of Commodity Fetishism I should emphasize that they are not confined to
the sphere of production but permeate every sphere of social life. Social relationships become the
property of things and the form of false consciousness concealing real conditions.
The global effect of commodity fetishism is that we have become the society of consumers. We have
reached the freedom for but not

Commodity Fetishism and Its Impact on Contemporary Society...
What is commodity fetishism as defined by cultural and media theorists? Identify and analyse three
images that demonstrate the way commodity fetishism is impacting on contemporary society and
culture.
"Commodities are defined as things that are bought and sold in a social system of exchange."
(Sturken & Cartwright, 2009, p. 279 )"The concept of commodity culture is intricately allied with
the idea that we construct our identities through the consumer products that inhabit our lives"
(Sturken & Cartwright 2009, p. 279) The idea of a commodity culture has been described by media
theorist Stuart Ewen as a commodity self. He believes that we are constructed through our
relationship with and use of commodities in our everyday lives. Karl Marx ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Not only does it allow the development of a broader social context of devaluing labour, making it
hard for workers to take pride in their work but it also allows consumers to remain ignorant of
working conditions." (Sturken & Cartwright 2009, p. 280) This image is an example of commodity
fetishism because it is "essentially a process of mystification that not only empties commodities of
the meaning of their production but also fills them with new, appealing meaning." (Sturken &
Cartwright 2009, p. 279) The process of making something seem more appealing is used to promote
and sell the product. Consumers purchase Calvin Klein jeans because they are a designer label and
are promoted as being fashionable and worn by celebrities. Consumers are not purchasing the
Calvin Klein jeans because they were mass produced in a different country or because of the people
who produced them. This example relates back to the Frankfurt school theory that "commodities are
hollowed out objects that propagated a loss of identity and erode our sense of history." (Kaplan
2006, p. 105)
Image two is the front cover of a book. It shows chocolate and has been chosen as an example of
commodity fetishism. Chocolate is associated with desire and is a form of pleasure in people's lives.
Chocolate is also a popular gift to give loved ones for birthdays and special occasions. Chocolate is
a symbol of love and comes in many shapes and forms which can suit a variety of occasions. It is

Commodity Future Research Paper
You may be thinking, what is a commodity Future? Well, a commodity future is basically when a
company sets a certain price for something on a certain date. It's like, originally honey is at 5
dollars, but the company that had produced it plan to up the price of honey within a year of
production, to gain more money. A commodity future is basically, the change of a certain price on a
certain date. Though, let's dig deeper about this commodity future to better understand this.
First off, sure it may seem like something hard to understand but if you plan to start up a company,
you need to figure out what will change over what could be months, or even years. So, let's say
you're a farmer, and you're selling your produce for all to eat. And

Is It A Rare Commodity?
Goodness is a rare commodity in the world. Even high school history courses focus on the crimes,
wars, torture and depression, not the peace, selflessness and miracles. Still, pretending the dark,
deceitful past does not exist is a common act when discussing history in Canada. The First Nations
people bear the brunt of this ignorance, as very little of their suffering, at the hands of the
government is acknowledged. Due to the abuse and neglect from the Canadian government, the First
Nations people faced and continue to face a depletion of culture and serious mental health issues. In
the First World War, First Nations people dealt with inconsiderate and racist policies. For the
following decades, children were forced into the abusive, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
All of this was done without the First Nations people's consent, even though the Indian Act demands
First Nations consent to use reserve land. But when the First Nations people pointed it out, the
government removed that clause from the Indian Act. The values they fought long and hard for, the
values they had chosen to be respected in the Indian Act, were just meaningless words to the
government. A simple change in in a document demolished the First Nation's people reassurance
their culture would live on. If the government wanted to change something about their lives, they
would just change the paperwork and do it, there was no security. Nothing was written in stone, not
even complex legal documents. This constant state of uncertainty was not comforting, especially
with their past experience with enlistment. Just three years prior, the Aboriginal people faced an
unofficial enlistment policy that created mass confusion. This unofficial enrollment policy
encouraged recruiters to turn First Nations men away, and not sign them to a battalion. The Minister
of the Militia, Sir Sam Hughes, spoke on why mass numbers of Aboriginal men were being refused,
he declared that First Nations men were turned away for their own safety. Mr. Hughes informed the
public that the German troops would not see the Aboriginal men as equals, and so they would not
extend the same courtesies that are expected in war to

Commodity In 'Sweetness And Power'
According to the Oxford dictionary, commodity is any raw material that can be bought and sold for
economic means. That said, sugar and coffee are all commodities, because they can be sold and
bought for a monetary value. The problem with this description however is that by simplifying the
word commodity into a material gain or based on money, it's undermining the value of the material
like its cultural worth and origin. Therefore, this is reason why when we buy sugar, we see it based
on its tastiness or its financial worth, but rarely as a material that can cause social ,cultural and even
historically difference; which is why the book "Sweetness and power" is important in revealing the
relational and historical fact about sugar.

The Value Of A Commodity
We live in an age where markets have reduced everything to the status of a commodity that can be
sold, bought, traded in and/or stolen. This includes factors such as labor, human beings and their
reproductive capacity (Scheper–Hughes, 2002). This makes us wonder about what really makes
something qualify as a commodity and what the qualities of a commodity are. These questions
receive very different answers presently than what they would years ago. This is not due to
philosophizing the term 'commodity', but due to the fact that certain factors have to be considered
before anything can qualify as a commodity. For instance, a potato can be both a commodity and not
a commodity. If the potato is used by the producer, then it is not a commodity. ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
It is common in Central and South America, particularly in Brazil as well as in Africa, especially in
Rwanda. Coffee farmers in Rwanda plant the exceptional variety of coffee collectively. It is also
very common in Brazil. As the coffee leaves the farm, it can either be sold to processors or
marketers. For instance in 1999, Starbucks put 1000 bags of Ipanema bourbon coffee on its shop as
a trial. We find that the coffee beans were given a commodity status before leaving the farmers'
stores. This is because we can see value being attached to them. The cost for the over–the–counter
bourbon coffee in the Starbucks shops was thrice as high as it was for the local buyers in Brazil
(Colitt, 2001). Thus, the Bourbon coffee attains the status of a commodity at the first instance when
the farmers sell it to the market. In the case of Starbucks in 1999, the coffee was sold at an estimated
$4.00 per pound. The fact that it is made with the aim of the market in mind is what makes a good a
commodity. Therefore, without the market, the good would not qualify as a commodity (Wood,
1993). The coffee beans can be described as a commodity from the onset of joining the market.
Coffee does not necessarily go directly to the market. Sometimes it has to undergo some processing
stages. Generally, the first step in the processing of coffee is the picking of the ripe fruits and taking
them to sell to the processing plant.

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