Presentation OF Clarification to Lecturer (Engineer) Muhammad Ali Javeed at WAH ENGINEERING COLLEGE UNIVERSITY OF WAH ( 2K 14)

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2. Group Leader :- Khubaib Ali
Members
M Bilal Anayat
Mateen akram
Syed Sibtul Hasan
M Zeeshan
Zakria khan
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3. Presentation:- Clarification
Presented to:-
Engineer Muhammad Ali Javed
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4. Clarification
The removing of solid matter from a
liquid to make it clear is Called
Clarification
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5. Explanation
Removal is generally accomplished by
coagulation, flocculation, and
sedimentation. The combination of
these three processes is referred to as
conventional clarification
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6. Coagulation
It the process of destabilization by
charge neutralization. Once
neutralized, particles no longer repel
each other and can be brought
together.
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7. Flocculation
It is the process of bringing together
the destabilized, or "coagulated,"
particles to form a larger on.
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8. Sedimentation
 It refers to the physical removal from
agglomeration suspension, or settling, that
occurs once the particles have been
coagulated and flocculated
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9. Agglomeration
 It arises from interaction between
particles, as a result of which they
adhere to one another to form clusters.
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11. Types of Clarifiers
The design of most of the clarifiers falls into three
categories:
 Horizontal flow Clarifier
 Solids contact Clarifier
 Inclined surface Clarifier
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12. All the three Clarifiers are shown
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13. Horizontal Flow Clarifiers
 Originally, conventional clarification units
consisted of large, rectangular, concrete basins
divided into two or three sections.
 Each stage of the clarification process occurred in
a single section of the basin. Water movement was
horizontal with plug flow through these systems.
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14. Continued
 •Because the design is suited to large-capacity
basins, horizontal flow units are still used in some
large industrial plants and for clarifying municipal
water.
 •The retention time is normally long (up to 4-6
hr), and is chiefly devoted to settling. Rapid mix is
typically designed for 3-5 min and slow mix for 15-
30 min.
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15. Cont,d
 The long retention also allows sufficient reaction
time to make necessary adjustments in chemical
and polymer feed if raw water conditions suddenly
change.
 However, for all but very large treated water
demands, horizontal units require high
construction costs and more land space per unit of
water capacity
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16. Inclined surface Clarifier
 Hydro-Flo Technologies' line of Inclined Plate
Clarifiers is engineered to remove settleable
suspended solids from wastewater or process
streams by the most efficient means available.
 A properly designed Inclined Plate Clarifier will
remove these solids, allowing downstream filters
or process equipment to perform as designed, as
well as reducing overall operating costs and
improving overall system maintainability.
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18.  Every Hydro-Flo Inclined Plate Clarifier is available with
numerous plate spacing options.
 By altering the plate spacing (to allow for different solids
loading ratios, settling rates, etc.), Hydro-Flo can make
certain your clarifier is sized appropriately for your
application.
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19.  By combining the plate spacing options with
different Inclined Plate Clarifier configurations,
Hydro-Flo ends up with the largest line of clarifiers
available.
 This allows us to solve a tremendous variety of
water treatment issues, making Hydro-Flo
Inclined Plate Clarifiers.
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20. Industrial Clarifiers
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21. Sludge Blanket and Solids-Contact
Clarification
 Most upflow designs are called either "sludge
blanket" or "solids-contact" clarifiers.
 After coagulation and/or flocculation in the
sludge blanket units, the incoming water passes
through the suspended layer of previously formed
floc.
 Figure shows on upflowsludge blanket
clarifier(next slide).
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23. Reason
 Because the center well in these units is often
shaped like an inverted cone, the rise rate of the
water decreases as it rises through the steadily
enlarging cross section.
 When the rise rate decreases enough to equal the
settling rate of the suspended floc exactly, a
distinct sludge/liquid interface forms
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24. Explanation
 Sludge blanket efficiency depends on the filtering action as
the freshly coagulated or flocculated water passes through
the suspended floc. Higher sludge levels increase the
filtration efficiency.
 In practice, the top sludge interface is carried at the highest
safe level to prevent upsets that might result in large
amounts of floc carryover into the overflow.
 Excessive sludge withdrawal or blow down should also be
avoided. The sludge blanket level is often highly sensitive
to changes in throughput, coagulant addition, and changes
in raw water chemistry and temperature
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25. Applications
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26. TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTEWATER
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27. TREATMENT OF HOSPITAL WASTEWATER
Name- Tabish.I.Malik
Enroll- 190/11
Roll no.- 52
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28.  Wastewater composition refers to the actual amounts
of physical, chemical and biological constituents
present in wastewater.
 Hospital wastewater may contain various potential
hazardous materials including, microbiological
pathogens, radioactive isotopes, disinfectants, drugs,
chemical compounds and pharmaceuticals.
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29.  The major aim of wastewater treatment is to remove as much
of the suspended solids as possible before the remaining water,
called effluent, is discharged back to the environment.
 The selection of suitable treatment technology and proper
treatment of hospital wastewater is essential.
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30. WHY TREAT WASTEWATER?
 As solid material decays, it uses up oxygen, which is needed by
the plants and animals living in the water.
 Fisheries -Clean water is critical to plants and animals that live
in water.
 Wildlife Habitats-Our rivers and ocean waters teem with life
that depends on shoreline, beaches and marshes.
 Recreation and Quality of Life-Water is a great playground
for us all. The scenic and recreational values of our waters are
reasons many people choose to live where they do. Visitors are
drawn to water activities such as swimming, fishing, boating.
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32. Industrial Applications
 Chemical Plants
 Refineries
 Automotive Manufacturing
 Glass Manufacturing
 Truck Wash Facilities
 Food Processing
 Mining & Hydraulic Fracturing
 Steel Mills and Pickling Facilities
 PVC and Plastic Manufacturing
 Pulp and Paper Mills
 General Industrial Wastewater
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33. Cont,d
 Solids Settling for Recovery or Disposal
 River/Surface Water Treatment
 Oil/Water Separation
 pH Adjustment
 Coagulation and Flocculation
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34. Thanks
Any Question?
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