The Republic of Mali was formerly a French colony known as French Sudan. It gained independence in 1960 after joining Senegal to form the Mali Federation within the French Community. Mali faces water shortage issues, particularly in the northern regions which are mostly desert. Mali has proposed trading salt for purified water with Madagascar to help address both countries' problems - Mali's water shortage and Madagascar's food and health issues. Solutions to Mali's water problems include drilling deep wells, purchasing water from other countries, and obtaining water from other sources within Mali to purify.

1. Joe Farroha
Geography
3-25-2013 Period 3

2. BRIEF HISTORY
 The Republic of Mali is a country in west Africa, formerly a French colony.
 As the colony of French Sudan, Mali was administered with other French
colonial territories as the Federation of French West Africa.
 In 1956, with the passing of France's Fundamental Law (Loi Cadre), the
Territorial Assembly obtained extensive powers over internal affairs and was
permitted to form a cabinet with executive authority over matters within the
Assembly's competence.
 In January 1959, French Sudan joined Senegal to form the Mali
Federation, which became fully independent within the French Community
on June 20, 1960.
 Between January and April 1992, a president, National Assembly, and
municipal councils were elected. On June 8, 1992, Alpha Oumar Konare, the
candidate of the Association for Democracy in Mali (ADEMA), was
inaugurated as the president of Mali's Third Republic.

3. History timeline

4. Interesting Facts About Mali
 Mali is 65% desert or semi desert
 Mali was under French rule in the late 19th centaury
 Mali gained independence in 1960.
 Mali is among the poorest countries in the world.
 Economic activity is largely confined to the riverine area
irrigated by the Niger River.
 About 10% of the population is nomadic and some 80% of the
labour force is engaged in farming and fishing.
 In the 1980s economic woes worsened by drought and famine
led to deregulation and privatization
 Industry: Food processing; construction; salt and gold mining
 Agriculture: Cotton, millet, rice, corn; cattle
 Exports: Salt, Cotton, gold, livestock

5. All the Languages
 French (official language)
 Fifteen national languages:
 Bamana, Bobo, Bozo, Dogon, Juula, Fulfulde, Khassonke
, Malinke, Maure, Minianka, Senufo, Soninke (or
Sarakolle), Songhai (or Sonrai), Tuareg (or
Tamacheq), and Tukulor

6. The Problem
 There is not enough water in Northern Mali.
 Less than half the overall population (46 percent) had
access to potable water in 1992;
 the percentage is even lower (about eight percent) in the
northern regions of Gao and Timbuctu.
 Agriculture, the cornerstone of the Malian economy, can
only be practiced for a quarter of the year.
 Gao and Timbuctu hold the greatest share of subterranean
water resources, but receive the least annual rainfall.
 This is a problem because the area is mostly desert.

7. The Agreement
 Mali is willing to trade ½ pound of salt for every 5
liters of purified water with Madagascar.
 Since Madagascar’s problem is health and food
shortage, salt will preserve food to better the people’s
health and solve the hunger issue.
 On the other hand Mali’s problem is water shortage
and since Madagascar has a sufficient water source
they can trade water with Mali to solve their water
problem.
Joe Farroha (Mali Representative)
Jack Island (Madagascar Representative)

8. The Solution:
Ways to make it possible
 Drill deep wells
 Purchase/Trade purified water from other countries
 Obtain water from other lakes and rivers in Mali and
purify the water with chlorine dioxide tablets

9. Art and Music
Adama Yalomba "Mbora" - Music of Mali
http://search.yahoo.com/r/_ylt=A0oG7hSUck9RiDAAN
SBXNyoA/SIG=120oongvm/EXP=1364189972/**http%3
a//www.youtube.com/watch%3fv=WnjcHNnPLeo

10. Sources
 http://www.mapsofworld.com/flags/mali-flag.html
 http://www.everyculture.com/wc/Japan-to-
Mali/Malians.html
 http://africanhistory.about.com/od/mali/p/MaliHist1.
htm
 http://www.aaas.org/international/ehn/waterpop/mal
i.htm
 http://travel.nationalgeographic.com/travel/countries
/mali-facts/
 http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&gs_rn=7&gs_ri