This document provides instructions for two assignments on immune disorders and arthritis. For the first assignment, students must: 1) Describe the pathophysiology of two selected immune disorders; 2) Explain the differences in maladaptive and physiological responses between the disorders; and 3) Explain how a selected factor impacts the pathophysiology of each disorder. For the second assignment, students must describe the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and explain how two selected factors impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of the disorders. The document lists reference materials and provides example reference citations in APA format.

1. Rules for my assignments:
1. Make separate paper/assignment for the two discussions…
Have separate reference list…
2. Kindly follow APA format (American Psychology
Association 6
th
edition) for the citation and references! References should be
between the period of 2011 and 2016…
3. Please utilize the references I posted below…
Discussion 1: Maladaptive Responses to Immune Disorders
Maladaptive responses to disorders are compensatory
mechanisms that ultimately have adverse health effects for
patients. For instance, a patient’s allergic reaction to peanuts
might lead to anaphylactic shock, or a patient struggling with
depression might develop a substance abuse problem. To
properly diagnose and treat patients, advanced practice nurses
must understand both the pathophysiology of disorders and
potential maladaptive responses that some disorders cause.
Consider immune disorders such as HIV, psoriasis,
inflammatory bowel disease, and systemic lupus E. What are
resulting maladaptive responses for patients with these
disorders?
To prepare:
·
Review Chapter 5 and Chapter 7 in the Huether and McCance
text. Reflect on the concept of maladaptive responses to
disorders.
·
Select two of the following immune disorders: HIV, psoriasis,
inflammatory bowel disease, or systemic lupus E (SLE).
·

2. Identify the pathophysiology of each disorder you selected.
Consider the compensatory mechanisms that the disorders
trigger. Then compare the resulting maladaptive and
physiological responses of the two disorders.
·
Select one of the following factors: genetics, gender, ethnicity,
age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factor might impact your
selected immune disorders.
Complete the following for my 1
st
Assignment:
1.
Brief description of the pathophysiology of your selected
immune disorders.
2.
Explain how the maladaptive and physiological responses of the
two disorders differ.
3.
Explain how the factor you selected might impact the
pathophysiology of each disorder.
Discussion 2: Arthritis
While arthritis impacts nearly 50 million adults in the United
States, it is not a disease that is limited to adulthood. Consider
the case of Ashley Russell. At the age of 14 months, Ashley was
diagnosed with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. As a baby, her
parents noticed that her knee was always swollen and that she
often wanted to be carried instead of walking on her own (Cyr,
2012). After seeking medical care, Ashley’s underlying disorder
was discovered. Arthritis in children is not uncommon.
According to the CDC (2011), an estimated 294,000 children
under age 18 have some form of arthritis or rheumatic

3. condition. Due to the prevalence of the disorder in both children
and adults, you must understand the pathophysiology and
symptoms of arthritis in order to properly diagnose and
prescribe treatment.
To prepare:
·
Review Chapter 37 in the Huether and McCance text and
Chapter 24 in the McPhee and Hammer text. Identify the
pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Consider the similarities and differences of the disorders.
·
Select two of the following patient factors: genetics, gender,
ethnicity, age, or behavior. Reflect on how the factors you
selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as
well as the diagnosis of and treatment for the disorders.
Complete the following for my 1
st
Assignment:
Description of the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and
rheumatoid arthritis, including the similarities and differences
between the disorders. Then explain how the factors you
selected might impact the pathophysiology of the disorders, as
well as the diagnosis of treatment for the disorders.
References:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2011). Arthritis-
related statistics. Retrieved from
http://www.cdc.gov/arthritis/data_statistics/arthritis_related_sta
ts.htm
Cyr, J. (2012). 7-year-old from Aroostook County chosen as
youth ambassador for Bangor Arthritis Walk.
Bangor Daily News

4. . Retrieved from
http://bangordailynews.com/2012/05/10/health/7-year-old-from-
aroostook-county-chosen-as-youth-ambassador-for-bangor-
arthritis-walk/
Readings
·
Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2012).
Understanding pathophysiology
(Laureate custom ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.
o
Chapter 5, “Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound
Healing”
This chapter examines how the body responds to injury and
infection by exploring the first, second, and third lines of
defense. It also covers wound healing and alterations of the
wound healing process.
o
Chapter 6, “Adaptive Immunity”
This chapter examines the third line of defense, adaptive
immunity. It also covers the roles of antigens and immunogens,
the humoral immune response, cell-mediated immunity, and the
production of B and T lymphocytes in the immune response.
o
Chapter 7, “Infection and Defects in Mechanism of Defense”
This chapter covers the epidemiology, clinical presentation,

5. and treatment of disorders resulting from infection, deficiencies
in immunity, and hypersensitivity. It also examines the
pathophysiology of an important immune disorder—HIV/AIDS.
o
Chapter 8, “Stress and Disease”
This chapter evaluates the impact of stress on various body
systems and the immune system. It also examines coping
mechanisms and disorders related to stress.
o
Chapter 9, “Biology, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment of
Cancer”
This chapter explores the developmental process of cancer and
factors that impact the onset of cancer at the cellular level. It
also describes various treatment options.
o
Chapter 10, “Cancer Epidemiology”
This chapter reviews genetic, environmental, behavioral, and
diet-related risk factors for cancer. It also examines types of
cancers that result from risk factors.
o
Chapter 11, “Cancer in Children”
This chapter focuses on the presentation and prognosis of
childhood cancers. It examines the impact of genetic and
environmental factors on these cancers.
o
Chapter 36, “Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal
System”

6. This chapter covers the structure and function of bones, joints,
and skeletal muscle. It also explores effects of aging on the
musculoskeletal system.
o
Chapter 37, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function”
This chapter examines the pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of bone, joints,
and skeletal muscle disorders. Additionally, it explores
musculoskeletal tumors, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis.
o
Chapter 38, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in
Children”
This chapter includes musculoskeletal disorders that affect
children, such as congenital defects, bone infection, juvenile
idiopathic arthritis, muscular dystrophy, musculoskeletal
tumors, and nonaccidental trauma.
o
Chapter 39, “Structure, Function, and Disorders of the
Integument”
This chapter begins with an overview of the structure and
function of skin. It then covers effects of aging on skin, as well
as disorders of the skin, hair, and nails.
o
Chapter 40, “Alterations of Integument in Children”
This chapter covers alterations of the integument that affect
children. These include acne vulgaris, dermatitis, infections of
the skin, insect bites and parasites, vascular disorders, and other

7. skin disorders.
·
McPhee, S. J., & Hammer, G. D. (2012).
Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical
medicine
(Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). New York, NY:
McGraw-Hill Medical.
o
Chapter 3, “Disorders of the Immune System”
This chapter explores the anatomy and physiology of the
immune system. It also explores the pathophysiology of various
immune disorders such as primary immunodeficiency diseases
and AIDS.
o
Chapter 8, “Diseases of the Skin”
This chapter begins with an overview of the anatomy and
physiology of skin. It also explores the pathophysiology of
various types of skin lesions and inflammatory skin diseases.
o
Chapter 24, “Inflammatory Rheumatic Disease”
This chapter explores the pathogenesis of inflammation and its
role in rheumatic diseases. It also examines the clinical
presentation, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical
manifestations of rheumatic diseases such as gout and
rheumatoid arthritis.
Media
·

8. Zimbron, J. (2008).
Mind maps—Dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal
reflux disease (GERD)
[PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.medmaps.co.uk/beta/
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. [Image]. Used with
permission of MedMaps.
This media provides examples of mind maps for dementia,
endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
Optional Resources
·
Arthritis Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.arthritis.org/
·
Lupus Foundation of America. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.lupus.org/newsite/index.html