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1. NURSING: Advanced Pathophysiology Week 5
NURSING: Advanced Pathophysiology Week 5NURSING: Advanced Pathophysiology Week
5As an advanced practice nurse, you will examine patients presenting with a variety of
disorders. You must, therefore, understand how the body normally functions so that you
can identify when it is reacting to changes. Often, when changes occur in body systems, the
body reacts with compensatory mechanisms. These compensatory mechanisms, such as
adaptive responses, might be signs and symptoms of alterations or underlying disorders. In
the clinical setting, you use these responses, along with other patient factors, to lead you to
a diagnosis. Consider the following scenarios: Scenario 1:Jennifer is a 2-year-old female who
presents with her mother. Mom is concerned because Jennifer has been “running a
temperature” for the last 3 days. Mom says that Jennifer is usually healthy and has no
significant medical history. She was in her usual state of good health until 3 days ago when
she started to get fussy, would not eat her breakfast, and would not sit still for her favorite
television cartoon. Since then she has had a fever off and on, anywhere between 101oF and
today’s high of 103.2oF. Mom has been giving her ibuprofen, but when the fever went up to
103.2oF today, she felt that she should come in for evaluation. A physical examination
reveals a height and weight appropriate 2-year-old female who appears acutely unwell. Her
skin is hot and dry. The tympanic membranes are slightly reddened on the periphery, but
otherwise normal in appearance. The throat is erythematous with 4+ tonsils and diffuse
exudates. Anterior cervical nodes are readily palpable and clearly tender to touch on the left
side. The child indicates that her throat hurts “a lot” and it is painful to swallow. Vital signs
reveal a temperature of 102.8oF, a pulse of 128 beats per minute, and a respiratory rate of
24 beats per minute.ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED, PLAGIARISM-FREE PAPERSScenario
2:Jack is a 27-year-old male who presents with redness and irritation of his hands. He
reports that he has never had a problem like this before, but about 2 weeks ago he noticed
that both his hands seemed to be really red and flaky. He denies any discomfort, stating that
sometimes they feel “a little bit hot,” but otherwise they feel fine. He does not understand
why they are so red. His wife told him that he might have an allergy and he should get some
steroid cream. Jack has no known allergies and no significant medical history except for
recurrent ear infections as a child. He denies any traumatic injury or known exposure to
irritants. He is a maintenance engineer in a newspaper building and admits that he often
works with abrasive solvents and chemicals. Normally he wears protective gloves, but lately
they seem to be in short supply so sometimes he does not use them. He has exposed his
hands to some of these cleaning fluids, but says that it never hurt and he always washed his

2. hands when he was finished. Scenario 3:Martha is a 65-year-old woman who recently
retired from her job as an administrative assistant at a local hospital. Her medical history is
significant for hypertension, which has been controlled for years with hydrochlorothiazide.
She reports that lately she is having a lot of trouble sleeping, she occasionally feels like she
has a “racing heartbeat,” and she is losing her appetite. She emphasizes that she is not
hungry like she used to be. The only significant change that has occurred lately in her life is
that her 87-year-old mother moved into her home a few years ago. Mom had always been
healthy, but she fell down a flight of stairs and broke her hip. Her recovery was a difficult
one, as she has lost a lot of mobility and independence and needs to rely on her daughter for
assistance with activities of daily living. Martha says it is not the retirement she dreamed
about, but she is an only child and is happy to care for her mother. Mom wakes up early in
the morning, likes to bathe every day, and has always eaten 5 small meals daily. Martha has
to put a lot of time into caring for her mother, so it is almost a “blessing” that Martha is
sleeping and eating less. She is worried about her own health though and wants to know
why, at her age, she suddenly needs less sleep. NURSING: Advanced Pathophysiology Week
5 To Prepare· Review the three scenarios, as well as Chapter 6 in the Huether and McCance
text.· Identify the pathophysiology of the disorders presented in each of the three scenarios,
including their associated alterations. Consider the adaptive responses to the alterations.·
Review the examples of “Mind Maps—Dementia, Endocarditis, and Gastro-oesophageal
Reflux Disease (GERD)” media in this week’s Learning Resources. Then select one of the
disorders you identified from the scenarios. Use the examples in the media as a guide to
construct a mind map for the disorder you selected. Consider the epidemiology,
pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the disorder, as well as
any adaptive responses to alterations.· Review the Application Assignment Rubric found
under Course Information To CompleteWrite a 2- to 3-page paper excluding the title page,
reference page and Mind Map that addresses the following: · For each of the three scenarios
explain the pathophysiology, associated alterations and the patients’ adaptive responses to
the alterations caused by the disease processes. You are required to discuss all three
scenarios within the paper component of this assignment.· Construct one mind map on a
selected disorder presented in one of the scenarios. Your Mind Map must include the
epidemiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, clinical presentation, and diagnosis of the
disorder, as well as any adaptive responses to alterations. Learning ResourcesRequired
ReadingsHuether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding pathophysiology (6th ed.).
St. Louis, MO: Mosby. Chapter 6, “Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing”This
chapter examines how the body responds to injury and infection by exploring the first,
second, and third lines of defense. It also covers wound healing and alterations of the
wound healing process. Chapter 7, “Adaptive Immunity”This chapter examines the third line
of defense, adaptive immunity. It also covers the roles of antigens and immunogens, the
humoral immune response, cell-mediated immunity, and the production of B and T
lymphocytes in the immune response. Chapter 8, “Infection and Defects in Mechanism of
Defense”This chapter covers the epidemiology, clinical presentation, and treatment of
disorders resulting from infection, deficiencies in immunity, and hypersensitivity. It also
examines the pathophysiology of an important immune disorder—HIV/AIDS. Chapter 9,

3. “Stress and Disease”This chapter evaluates the impact of stress on various body systems
and the immune system. It also examines coping mechanisms and disorders related to
stress. Chapter 10, “Biology of Cancer”This chapter explores the developmental process of
cancer and factors that impact the onset of cancer at the cellular level. It also describes
various treatment options. Chapter 11, “Cancer Epidemiology”This chapter reviews genetic,
environmental, behavioral, and diet-related risk factors for cancer. It also examines types of
cancers that result from risk factors.NURSING: Advanced Pathophysiology Week 5Chapter
12, “Cancer in Children and Adolescents”This chapter focuses on the presentation and
prognosis of childhood cancers. It examines the impact of genetic and environmental factors
on these cancers. Chapter 38, “Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System”This
chapter covers the structure and function of bones, joints, and skeletal muscle. It also
explores effects of aging on the musculoskeletal system. Chapter 39, “Alterations of
Musculoskeletal Function”This chapter examines the pathophysiology, clinical
manifestations, and evaluation and treatment of bone, joints, and skeletal muscle disorders.
Additionally, it explores musculoskeletal tumors, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid
arthritis. Chapter 40, “Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children”This chapter
includes musculoskeletal disorders that affect children, such as congenital defects, bone
infection, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, muscular dystrophy, musculoskeletal tumors, and
nonaccidental trauma. Chapter 41, “Structure, Function, and Disorders of the
Integument”This chapter begins with an overview of the structure and function of skin. It
then covers effects of aging on skin, as well as disorders of the skin, hair, and nails. Chapter
42, “Alterations of Integument in Children”This chapter covers alterations of the integument
that affect children. These include acne vulgaris, dermatitis, infections of the skin, insect
bites and parasites, vascular disorders, and other skin disorders.Hammer, G. G. , & McPhee,
S. (2014). Pathophysiology of disease: An introduction to clinical medicine. (7th ed.) New
York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education. Chapter 3, “Disorders of the Immune System”This chapter
explores the anatomy and physiology of the immune system. It also explores the
pathophysiology of various immune disorders such as primary immunodeficiency diseases
and AIDS. Chapter 8, “Diseases of the Skin”This chapter begins with an overview of the
anatomy and physiology of skin. It also explores the pathophysiology of various types of
skin lesions and inflammatory skin diseases. Chapter 24, “Inflammatory Rheumatic
Disease”This chapter explores the pathogenesis of inflammation and its role in rheumatic
diseases. It also examines the clinical presentation, etiology, pathophysiology, and clinical
manifestations of rheumatic diseases such as gout and rheumatoid arthritis. Required
MediaZimbron, J. (2008). Mind maps—Dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal
reflux disease (GERD) [PDF]. Retrieved from http://www.medmaps.co.uk/beta/Gastro-
oesophageal reflux disease. [Image]. Used with permission of MedMaps.This media provides
examples of mind maps for dementia, endocarditis, and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease
(GERD). Optional ResourcesArthritis Foundation. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.arthritis.org/Lupus Foundation of America. (2012). Retrieved from
http://www.lupus.org/newsite/index.html NURSING: Advanced Pathophysiology Week 5