Questionnaire On Catering For Diversity Essay

Questionnaire On Catering For Diversity Essay
2. Catering for Diversity
Artefact 1: Year 2 lesson plan on persuasive writing – evaluation of plan, 2015.
Assessment of student learning Observation of student responses.
Assessment of student posters – using key words of persuasion (from initial brainstorming session)
Evaluation Some students did not grasp the concept of the poster as struggled to come up with
reasons as to what in the poster persuades them to watch the movie.
As a result spent more time on discussing the poster therefore students did not get enough time to
complete their posters.
Follow up lesson on persuasive posters.
This artefact was utilised on my prac in April of 2015 with a Year 2 class. The lesson was an English
lesson, covering the content of persuasive words and writing. My mentor informed me the students
had previously worked on persuasive words and so I planned the lesson according to this. Students
viewed the movie poster for Madagascar 3, which I chose based on their interests. I engaged the
students in discussions about the target audience, text, colour, characters and how these all things
contribute to persuade people to go and watch the movie. As a class we brainstormed key
persuading words. Students were then asked to create their own persuasive poster about something
they like and would like to persuade their peers to like. This ensured that the lesson catered for
student diversity as they all have different interests and were encouraged to present them in their
own creative
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Essay about Leadership Within Ambulance Services
This assignment will focus on; the NHS organisational cultures and theories, leadership cultures and
theories, leadership styles, the effect leadership cultures have upon organisational cultures and will
address the requirements for modernisation of the ambulance service. All of which will be supported
by relevant literature and research.
Since 1930 authors have focused on organizational culture as a system of "socially transmitted
behaviour patterns that serve to relate human communities to their ecological settings" (Keesing,
1974). This has been reflected in the work of many ethnographers and psychologists, such as Whyte
(1949), Rohlen (1974), Schein (1985 & 1990) and Hofstede (1980, 1991).
Edgar Schein continued to define ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In 1972 Rogger Harrison researched into 'Organizational Cultures and Structures' which was later
supported and publicised by Charles Handy (1985), it suggested that there are four dimensions of
cultures through which organisations exist. They are; 'power', 'role', 'task' and 'people culture'.
Organisations can be associated with one or more of the different cultures. Many organisations can
be identified as having a different organisational culture at each hierarchical interval.
'Power' culture (Handy, 1985) is described as a similar infrastructure to that of a spider's web, where
the "boss" is in the centre of an ever widening web of others involved in the organisation. Role
culture (Handy, 1985) is best explained as an image of a pyramid of boxes, each box containing a
job title and role. The boxes still stand and the structure remains secure, even if one of the
individuals fulfilling a role departs. Role cultures are best operated by a manager at the top of the
pyramid, as suggested by Ronald White (1988). Role cultures operate best in large organisations
where roles are clearly defined, evaluation of their progress is continually assessed and feedback is
given. Task culture (Handy, 1985) is predominantly used in a field where team work is of paramount
importance to ensure a task is completed. People culture

The Pledge Of Allegiance Of The United States
The Pledge of Allegiance of the United States can be analyzed from two general perspectives: that
of the speaker and that of the author. The first perspective is more familiar, especially to those who
went through the American public education system. This is the perspective of the physical speaker,
who delivers the pledge to the United States Flag, which is the audience. Typically, this speaker is a
child in a school but it could also be a government official in a government meeting, among other
settings. The second and less obvious perspective is that of the author of the text: Francis Bellamy,
or the official adopter of the pledge: the United States Congress. Both can be considered to be the
author of this artefact. For the sake of this analysis, we will assume the author to be the United
States government and their intended audience to be the United States population. As this short
artefact is examined and analyzed from these perspectives, one will be able to identify how it is
densely packed with deeper meaning through the use of rhetoric.
From the perspective of the speaker, the Pledge of Allegiance is a powerful statement. The kernel of
the sentence is concise and rich: "I pledge allegiance". Consider how this short phrase's diction fills
it with meaning. According to Dictionary.com, the verb "to pledge" means "to bind by or as if by a
pledge", where the noun "pledge" is "a solemn promise or agreement to do or refrain from doing
something". The speaker of this

Software Reuse Essay
Technological Institute of the Philippines Aurora Boulevard, Cubao, Quezon City Software Reuse In
partial fulfillment for the subject CTI003 Current Trends and Issues in IT Submitted to: Mr. Junell
Avestro Submitted by: Lizbert Niño Igagamao IT21FB/BS–IT Date submitted October 9, 2012
Abstract Effective reuse of software products is reportedly increasing productivity, saving time, and
reducing cost of software development. Historically, software reuse focused on repackaging and
reapplying of code modules, data structures or entire applications in the new software projects
(Prieto–Diaz 1994). Recently, however, it has been acknowledgedas beneficial to ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
specifications of functions and their collections; domain knowledge , i.e. scientific laws, models of
knowledge domains; knowledge of development process , in a form of life–cycle models;
environment–level information, e.g. experiential data or users feedback; artefact transformation
during development process (Basili 1990); etc. A controlled collection of reuse artefacts constitutes
a reuse library. Such libraries must contain not only reusable components but are also expected to
provide certain types of services to their users (Wegner 1989), e.g. storage, searching, inspecting and
retrieval of artefacts from different application domains, and of varying granularity and abstraction,
loading, linking and invoking of stored artefacts, specifying artefact relationships, etc. The major
problems in the utilisation of such reuse libraries are in determining appropriate artefact
classification schemes and in the selection of methods to effectively and efficiently search the
library. To bypass the problems with reuse libraries, the use of specialised domain–specific
languages was proposed as an alternative. Such languages use strict syntax and semantics defined in
terms of an application domain and its reusable artefacts. While

Why Are Museums Important? Essay
The Cambridge Dictionary Online defined museums as "places of study, buildings where objects of
historical, scientific or artistic interest are kept, preserved and exhibited". To The Museums
Association, a museum is "an institution which collects documents, preserves, exhibits and
interprets material evidence and associated information for the public benefit". Since 1998, this
definition has changed. Museums now enable the public to explore collections for inspiration,
learning and enjoyment. They are institutions that collect, safeguard and make accessible artefacts
and specimens, which they hold in trust for society. Mike Wallace (1996) categorised museums into
four distinct types, namely National Museums that hold collection of ... Show more content on
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A greater number of educators are looking to museums to help them attain their educational
objectives. Howard Gardner has identified Bethnal Green Museum of Childhood as the perfect
environment for stimulating the natural curiosity of a child. Furthermore, in response to demands for
new educational approaches, older children are using museums to develop their critical facilities in
art and design (Campbell, 1992).
Hooper–Greenhill (1994) places high importance in the role of museums as they offer many
different opportunities of enabling children and adults to enter worlds where they may play out skills
that are vital in the real worlds. With the rise of technology, museums are able to provide the mass
with interactive education. The Clore Education Centre in The National History Museum has an
"Investigate" area which is a hands–on science centre. Visitors can experience hundreds of natural
objects and investigate them further using scientific tools and instruments that are provided to
encourage visitors to make observations, look for relationships and draw their own conclusions. The
National Science Museum can be said to be one of the most interactive museums in Britain. Their
large number of interactive galleries include The Launch Pad and Flight Lab, The Garden and a
make–believe earthquake in a

Maggie Frey Research Paper
Maggie Furey is a British novelist from Northumberland best known for the Artefacts of Power and
the Creatures of Darkness series of Paranormal Fantasy Thrillers. Even as she was born and bred in
Northumberland, England's riches legend and lore filled county and a perfect setting for fantasy, she
was never an active child. She was born with a rare heart condition that made it impossible for her to
be physically active during her childhood. Given her condition she spent much of her time finding
entertainment and adventure in all manners of books in which she could disappear in fantastical
other worldly universes. As such, when other children were out climbing trees and riding bikes, she
found solace by sailing with Amazons and Swallows and winning races with Jill and her horses. She
has always ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The lead character is Aurian, the child of the renegade Mage. The heroin is only one of the small
band of Mage that lives in the wild woods with her mother. Even as they live in the cold woods, they
rule over the mortal humans who have never concealed their hatred and contempt of the Mage.
Aurian has been raised as a strong willed and skilled swordsman in an attempt to ensure that she
does not wander to the dark arts of Fire Magic that had killed her father. The novels excellently
combine romance and fantasy in making one comment on another. For instance, the theme of
Miathan the villain's sexual frustration runs throughout the novels as contrasted with the
effervescent love of Forral and Aurian. Furey imagination often goes wild throwing in everything
into the novels from high seas adventure, slave trading, pirates and brutal gladiatorial contests. The
novels are fast paced stories with strong characters that can be said to be wish fulfilment fantasies in
the mold of John Carter of Mars or Conan the

The Heart Of Afric Royal Ontario Museum Controversy
1. Into the Heart of Africa – Royal Ontario Museum Controversy. Into the Heart of Africa, an
exhibition presented by The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM) that was curated by guest curator Dr.
Jeanne Cannizzo was a source of much contention between the people and the museum. The exhibit
was inspired by an interest in exploring the hundreds of African artefacts – which had been stolen
and collected during the European colonization of African countries – that have been stored by the
ROM for over a hundred years. Through this collection of artefacts, Cannizzo intended on retelling
the story of Canada's involvement in the European colonization of Africa. Cannizzo led the planning
and designing of the exhibition, however the ROM had significant ... Show more content on
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One of the curators involved claimed that the intention of the exhibition was to "acknowledge
Canada's colonial past by examining these cultural artefacts and the processes by which they had
been collected. Also to show off that White Canada had a somewhat less than perfect understanding
of the richness of complex African societies." Yet, regardless of the intent, the execution of the
exhibit failed, miserably. The ROM began to face what is to this day, one of the greatest
controversies they've had to face. While the exhibition had its fair share of people who supported it,
a large group of individuals did not, and they were not afraid to make their voices heard. The issue
at hand was the way the objects had historically been possessed and controlled. The artefacts had
been collected through the military; they were responsible for stripping African countries of
anything and everything they deemed valuable, even religious idol and sacred objects. 'Collectively,
they left nothing in Africa which struck them as valuable'. And so since the artefacts remained in the
possession of the more dominant peoples, the objects were not able to tell the true story, they were
being limited as it was being told through the lens of Dr. David Livingstone, a

The Reality Of Social Construction By Dave Elder Vass
In the Chapter 3 of "The Reality of Social Construction", Dave Elder–Vass examines the academic
views about culture and rules. He calls cultural realism the view according to which culture and
rules exist independently of people. In this chapter, the author explains the reason why he does not
agree with the academic view of culture.
What is culture? How we can define it? According to Jay, culture can be defined as a combination of
"practices, rituals, institutions and material artefacts, as well as texts, ideas and images". However,
Elder–Vass says that is possible to define culture only considering its ontological nature. The culture
can be subjective, that is it exists as the mental proprieties of individuals, or objective, depending on
something beyond the individual. Elder–Vass affirms that culture has subjective and objective
features. Regarding to the subjective perspective, it doesn't consider one of the ... Show more
Wittgenstein talks about this topic and affirms "what constitutes a rule is our collective use of it":
Elder–Vass argues that Wittgenstein doesn't consider that everyone is in the same position because
nobody is sure about the right understanding of the rule. Turner tries to find an answer to this
question he describing two kind of sameness: instrumental sameness and causal sameness. The first
one explains how different behaviors can lead to the same practical outcome; the second one occurs
when the behavior of different individuals is driven by the same beliefs. The norm circles model
consider only the instrumental sameness: according to this, the author affirms that is not necessary
to understand the same kind of behavior in the same way, but is important that the members of the
group recognize whether any given action conforms to their understandings of the norm and that
their understanding are coherent with the

History Of Ancient China 's History
Terracotta Army– Archaeology
History of Ancient China
Due: 16/3/2015
By Jasen Naci
Table of Contents:
1.0 Introduction..............................................................................1
2.0 Ancient Emperor......................................................................1
3.0 Terracotta Warriors.................................................................1
4.0 Significance & Findings............................................................2
5.0 Excavation Site.........................................................................2
6.0 Problems & Mitigation............................................................2
7.0 Conclusion.................................................................................3
8.0 Controversies............................................................................4
9.0 Bibliography.............................................................................. 4
Introduction:
Archaeology has allowed society to gain a vast understanding of past cultures and behaviours over
thousands of years ago. Scientific research has allowed us to widen our knowledge on humans and
their past interaction. Through the excavation of the Terracotta army, many insightful secrets have
been uncovered. Buried in a large mausoleum over 2200 years ago, the site reveals past hints of
cultures and beliefs during the ancient civilisation of China, although techniques need to be
implemented to better preserve one of the rarest ancient treasures and evidence that remains. The
Terracotta warriors are an army of clay built by the ancient emperor Quin Shi–Huang. When
excavating the site many significant items have been found that have provided scientists with lots of
research. Many problems have been evidently found while excavating and a few controversies have
been sparked.
Ancient Emperor:
The Terracotta army built in 246 BC by

Mouth Ceremony Analysis
Where was the artefact found?
The Tomb painting depicting both the 'Opening Of The Mouth Ceremony' and the arrival of
Tutankhamun in the afterlife is located on the North wall of King Tutankhamun's burial chamber in
November 1922. Describe the artefact
The background on which these images are painted on was made of yellow–ochre to imitate a gold
colour and decorated using white, black, red, blue, and green paints. The first scene depicts the
Opening Of The Mouth Ceremony being performed on Tutankhamun by the New King Ay who is
represented here as youthful and smaller than the old King. Ay is wearing the panther skin cloak of
sem–priest, and the blue crown (the Khepresh) complete with the uraeus, and has white sandals on
his feet. Tutankhamun is represented as Osiris. He is wearing the Atef crown with a gold–plated
uraeus (an image of a serpent used as an emblem of power usually worn on headdresses ), and in
each of his hands he is holding a Nekhakha (flail) whip as a sign of his power. In between the old
and new kings lays a casket which contained all the tools and materials used in the ceremony. The
inscription reads: "The good god, Lord ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
King Tutankhamun is depicted as a boy and wears a white loincloth and a wesekh collar (a symbol
of eliteness) with a gold headband inscribed with a Uraeus. He is holding both a staff and a club
etched with an ankh(symbol of life). Nut is greeting him on the left with the symbol of water in her
hand whilst making the sign of welcome with her arms. She is wearing a white cloth with a shoulder
strap, her arms are adorned with bracelets and on her neck and shoulders rests a wesekh collar.
around her hair is a white ribbon of mourning. this scene is explained with the inscription: "Nut,
Mistress of the Sky, Lady of the Gods, she performs nyny for the one whom she gave birth, she
gives health and life to your nostrils, which is life

The Effects Of Marking Steating
Additionally, beam hardening happens as the energy levels of polychromatic X–ray beams used with
the CBCT are not uniform, so the lower energy photons can be absorbed easily at the edges of the
scanned area causing hardening of the X–ray beam, which resulting in lower gray values toward the
subject center causing what is called cup¬ping artifact even if the density all over the subject is
identical (91) Ring artifacts caused by defects or un– calibrated components in the detector forming
concentric rings in the CBCT im¬age. Dense metallic materials scanning can cause severe streaking
artifacts when their gray values are more than the maxi¬mum level of operation that the software
can deal with (91). Patient motion during CBCT ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However, this simple method does not offer suf¬ficient quality of images (96). So, more studies are
still needed to develop an optimal segmentation technology specific to individual CBCT images. For
over a century, conventional dental radiographs have been the dominant source of diagnostic
information on the maxillofacial complex (97). Cone–beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a
more recent development, and its clinical application in the field of dento–maxilla facial radiology is
gaining importance and becoming widespread (98). Although the clinical relevance of dental
diagnosis and pre–surgical assessment of jaw bone density has been clearly demonstrated, the
available research on CBCT–based bone quality is scant (99). A new tool, the computed tomography
index, was proposed to assess the BMD on CBCT images ;( 100) with it, CBCT images can be used
to evaluate women with osteoporosis, thus increasing the possibilities for screening and early
detection. A recent study evaluated the mandibular index on CBCT images and found that the use of
this index in CBCT images was valid;(101) however, the index obtained from CBCT images did not
compare well with that derived from panoramic images, the imaging modality for which the
classification was originally devised. Moreover, the CBCT analysis was conducted in templates, i.e.,
static slices. These aspects could have influenced the results (101). It is considered

Concept Of Culture And Organizational Analysis
3.0 LITRATURE REVIEW
3.1 Concept of culture and organizational analysis:
The concept of culture has been linked increasingly with the study of organisation (Graves and
Rouse, 1990). Nevertheless, Organisational culture is a set of beliefs, values, and norms, together
with symbols like dramatized events and personalities, which represents the unique character of an
organization, and provides the context for action in it and by it (Deshpande and Webster, 1989;
Ravasi and Schultz, 2006; Xiaoming and Junchen, 2012). In other words, these organizational
values in turn form out the standard norms and guidelines for the organization that makes it distinct
from others (Van Maanen 1979).
Schein (2004), stated that functionalist believes that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Finally, many definitions imply that organizational culture is multidimensional and multileveled and
includes many cognitive and symbolic strata. Hofstede (1980) framework for analyzing
organizational culture mentions two different types–dimensions of organizational culture:
Individualism and Collectivism, which are likely to influence the process of employees' social
categorization. Individualistic organizational cultures focus on and reward employees' personal
accomplishments, individual characteristics and abilities. This dimension is rather flexible, as
employees are allowed and encouraged to behave in their own personal way (Chatman et al. 1998).
Therefore, organizational membership is not salient and personality traits are appreciated. As
Markus and Kitayama (1991) argued that individuals maintain their independence from others by
attending to the self and by discovering and expressing their unique inner attributes. Collectivistic
organizational cultures, on the other hand functionalist,belives that the general agreement of
acceptable actions and behaviors, which assure shared objectives, interchangeable interests and
commonalities among employees(Minkov and Hofstede 2011).functionalist believes that main
priority of collectivistic cultures is independence and cooperation and that organizational

Sociological Perspectives And Trends Of Health And Illness
M2 Use different sociological perspectives to discuss patterns and trends of health and illness in two
different social groups. D1 Evaluate different sociological explanations for patterns and trends of
health and illness in two different social groups. Introduction In this assignment I will be writing
about two sociological perspectives and discus there patterns and trends of health and illness to two
social groups. The black report was published in 1980, and it included different facts about how
health can be improved from all different backgrounds in different social groupings. There is still a
co–relation between social class and infant mortality rates, life expectancy and inequalities in the
use of medical services. This report looked at the differences between health and illness.
Sociologists from this very day still use the black report to look at inequalities of health because it
was that significant and powerful. Different researches do believe that there is a link between social
class and health. It is a statistical impression and also it has been argued that there isn't really a
pattern in social class, age and peoples employment that has had an impact on people's health
inequalities. Statistical artefact is a connection that shows how different systems have been used and
measured. lower class have a much higher morbidity and mortality rates which are compared with
the higher class that only work in offices or as a doctors. Researchers have

Criticism Of Haggard
Criticism and Theory
Saddik Gouhar
201200350
Haifa Abdulla
Report Summary
Introduction
In 1798 when Napoleon invaded Egypt opened the door to the western cities such as Britain and
France, sparked of the beginnings of Egyptomania, the innovative modern scholarship on ancient
Egypt, Jean François and the birth of the science of Egyptology. The best period for Egypt extended
beyond the nineteenth century and it retched to the 1922 with the discovery of the tomb
Tutankhamun. The text above offers an analysis of literary culture of the ancient Egypt at that time
the people where interested in science and magic. In the ancient Egypt during the late popular
cultures the Victorian and Edwardian had a strong influence on various of literary ... Show more
Beauty is never the same and if certain culture liked or amazed with a beauty concept other culture
may not like it. It depends of the time and the place, and this is never truer than seen over time and
between different cultures. Over time, the concept of beauty change and it never stays the same,
particularly concerning people, sometimes favoring rather heavy individuals and at other times very
skinny ones. For many different cultures, parts of the body may be strongly exaggerated in the name
of beauty, the effects of which might even seem unusual to people who came from different another.
The connection of the beauty for various tribes throughout the world use different methods to
measure the length of the neck or exaggerate in the size of the mouths or the ears and sometimes the
shape of the

The Marbles : British Museum Loan
"Elgin Marbles: British Museum loan 'an affront to the Greek people '" It was this headline about the
British museum decision to loan Greek god Ilissos to Russia that caught my attention. I wondered
how a nation like Britain that prided itself on it ethics blatantly refuses to return a historical item that
was never theirs. Why would that not be considered stealing? As I delved further into Greece's
demand for repatriation, I began to notice a common theme that ran through most items with
contested ownership. I pondered about Greece's marbles and then India's koh–i–noor diamonds. I
wondered why Britain could refuse to repatriate these items and not be shamed internationally. But
was Britain alone in its refusal? Well it clearly was not. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To understand the past, we have to understand the artefacts of the past. Artefacts show us another
kind of history, another way of approaching the past. Not only do they frame the way we act in the
world, they also influence the way we think about the world. So when one questions the ownership
of these artefacts, they also question the history behind it. Because the history of art is, in large part,
a history of theft, questions over its ownership are bound to ensue. So, how do we decide who owns
art and subsequently history? Prevailing post– colonial ideology characterises museums as imperial
despoilers and their possession of artefacts a dispossession of the cultural identity from the
colonised, robbing the motif behind acquired objects. The idea that an ancient work of art is
removed from its original setting, of which it forms an aesthetic and historical part, it loses most of
its value and becomes a mere item of archaeology. However, arguments against this idea regard the
notion of cultural property a pure myth as such artefacts are deemed inessential and irrelevant to the
identity of recently emerged and artificially created nations. Instead the concept of internationalism
and the ideas of shared history are propagated to defend the retention of artefacts in mostly western
museums. Both sides present valid arguments for and against the repatriation of historical artefacts.
It becomes apparent that the reality of

King Khafra ( Or Chephren )
King Khafra (or Chephren, this vision is shown in the description for his statue in Egyptian
Museum), who's name and face are well–known by the Second Pyramid and the Great Sphinx, is
now sitting in the exhibition of old kingdom in the Egyptian Museum, Cairo. A statue of King
Khafre which comes from 2500BC is now placed in the centre of the exhibition. It is found in
Khafra's magnificent Valley Temple, and is believed to be the one of the twenty–tree statues which
belonged to the Valley Temple in Giza. The statuary is the quintessential expression of kingship, and
it reflects factors concerning art, culture, economy or other elements during 4th Dynasty in ancient
Egypt. According to Egyptian sculptor Adam Haneen, The Old Kingdom is the ... Show more
The false beard is broken, but it does not loss its meaning: a symbol of god. Most of the male gods
in ancient Egypt wearing beards. The beard is a fascinating element in ancient Egyptian art, most of
the pharaonic sculpture has a false beard, to claim the position of royal family, and an embodiment
of gods, because the beard was considered to be a divine attribute of the gods. In accordance with
this religious formula, the pharaoh would express his status as a living god by wearing a false beard
secured by a cord on certain occasions. Also, the false beard can support the head of the sculpture to
avoid breaking from the neck. What under his serious–looking face is a muscular body. Egyptian
were expert in idealizing their rulers, and this one is no exception. It is difficult to believe that all the
pharaohs had such good build as they used to be richest, well looked after men. However most of
the pharaohs convince everyone that he is the best man in the world, he is divine, and chosen by the
gods, no wonder why they have a perfect body. Besides, a muscular and powerful body is required
in a sense of protecting all his people from the enemies. In contrast to the pharaoh, the sculpture of
Sheikh el–Balad, who was the chief lector priest, is far more life–like for a fat body with a beer
belly. The sculpture of Sheikh el–Balad is displayed just next to the Diorite Statue of King Khafra,
the difference between the two statues is obvious.The Diorite Statue of

Discuss the Postive and Negative Influences of Corporate...
The culture of an organisation can be seen as a set of core characteristics that are collectively valued
by all members of that organisation; and, corporate culture is believed to be a key element in the
success of any organisation (Visagie et al. 2002). Schein (2004) emphasises that organisational
cultures provide group members with a way of giving meaning to their daily lives, setting guidelines
and rules for how to behave and most important, reducing and containing the anxiety of dealing with
an unpredictable and uncertain environment. The aim of this paper is to provide a clear
demonstration of appropriate theoretical frameworks in relation to corporate culture; with the
concentration on analysing its positive and negative influences ... Show more content on
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Their importance stems from the link they are assumed to have with the 'deeper' level of an
organisation's culture, of which they are generally thought to be indicators (Brown, 1998). Kemp
and Dwyer (2001) specifies the six major types of artefacts that can be distinguished – rituals and
routines, stories, symbols, power structures, organisational structures and control systems. These
form the outer layer of the firm's "cultural web", Kemp and Dwyer (2001, citing Johnson and
Scholes, 1997, pp. 69–74).  Rituals and Routines: recurrent patterns of behaviour are a feature of
organisational life. The routine ways that members of the organisation behave towards each other
and towards those outside the organisation comprise "the way we do things around here". The rituals
of organisational life are the special events through which the organisation emphasises what is
particularly important and reinforces "the way we do things around here". The greetings of guests on
arrival and the checkout procedure in a hotel are examples of routines. Rituals include relatively
formal organisational processes such as training programs, appointment, promotion and assessment
procedures, and so on.  Stories: these have long been recognised to be an integral feature of
organisational life. People tend to tell stories not just because the performance is itself enjoyable, but
in order to influence

Shugo Chaha Artifact
The artefact that I choose is Shugo Chara!, which is a Japanese anime. In the artefact, I can conduct
both oppositional reading and produce unique meanings. In the artefact, the female images are quite
convention. All of the female characters are very beautiful and sexualized, most of them are with
long hair and beautiful shape. Also, their dress code is following the normal Japanese's concept of
aesthetic, which are with very short skirt and white shirt. Moreover, the love relationship between
main characters is too muddled. According to the artefact, the setting of main characters is primary
school students. However, they have a crush on the opposite–sex main characters, who is also an
elementary school student. This may give the consumers

The Lindow Man ( Officially Lindow IIi )
The Lindow Man (officially Lindow III) is the top half of a male body, found preserved in a peat
bog in Cheshire, England. He was spotted on the 1st of August, 1984, by a peat cutter in Cheshire.
With his job to keep the belt of his machine cleared he threw away what he thought was a piece of
wood. In actual fact this was the leg of the Lindow Man. "I was taken out on to the moss and shown
where the previous day 's peat had been taken from. Walking the uncut sections, I found a flap of
dark, tanned skin projecting from below. Reporting my discovery to the police, we agreed I would
be given a day to excavate the remains. On 6 August, the site was recorded and sampled, the limits
of the remains were established and Lindow Man was lifted – within his block of surrounding peat –
on his way to international celebrity". (Rick Turner, newly appointed county archaeologist)
Lindow Man 's body was damaged as his waist was cut by the peat–cutting machinery, and only the
top part of his body remained. (SINEAD DALY and ALICE KIM)
The Lindow Man's body had been preserved by the peat bogs at Lindow Moss, where the body was
found. They were formed by holes of melting ice and because of the type of moss that grew in them
and also lets out a substance that causes a tanning process when dead, the Lindow Man was able to
be preserved with his appearance mostly intact. (Maisie Jewkes)
Part A – https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aQwB9mdLzlc
Part B – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=chLJy2WEi7I
This

Benin Art in Museums and Galleries Essay
The display of Benin art in museum and galleries reflect the attitudes and perceptions of Europeans
towards non–western artefacts, especially African. Thus as European attitudes change towards non–
western art since the discovery of Benin art in 1897, Benin art has been revaluated and re–
categorised.
Initially there was a great deal of debate about Benin art and its display, as it did not equate with the
perceptions then held about Africa. Until the British conquest of Benin in 1897, little was known
about Benin and its culture apart from brief interaction with other Europeans in the sixteenth
century. The perception of Africa was of a primitive, savage and uncivilised land, full of 'abuses and
fetishes and idolatries', (Hodgkin, 1975, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This posed a display problem to exhibitors including the British Museum as they tried to fit them
into the ethnological museum to explain the emergence of 'civilisation from prehistory' (Loftus,
2008). The predominating attitude towards the Benin artwork was that it was the exception and lost
treasure from an ancient, African civilisation. This resulted in the display of the Benin bronze
plaques in the British Museum as a 'collective wall decoration, halfway up the main stairs, one more
element in the eclectic mosaic of artefacts' (Wood, 2008, p72). The rest of the display of various
antiquities of art and functional items like weapons and transport displayed jumbled together in
glass cabinets with little or no detail as to the function or cultural value of the artefacts often
misrepresenting ideas about primitive life.
The primitive nature of African art attracted many artists looking for new inspiration and expression
as urban modernity lost its vitality in the late 1880's and 90's (Wood, 2008). In adopting primitive
African art as the catalysis for their expression of modernity, avant–garde artists created a more
positive perception of the primitive rather than the negative barbaric perception. Wood (2008)
quotes the early twentieth century, avant–garde critic Carl Einstein in that the Benin artworks were
of no decisive significance. In fact, the western artists reduced their sophisticated beauty of the
artwork as seen in

Organizational Culture Essay
Introduction
The concept of organizational cultures was first raised in 1970s, and soon became a fashionable
topic. Organizational culture is the shared beliefs, values and behaviours of the group. Theorists of
organizations believe that organizational culture represents the pattern of behaviours, values, and
beliefs of an organization. Hence, studies around organizational culture have been seen as great
helpful and essential for understanding organizations and their behaviours. Additionally,
organizational culture has been considered to be an important determinant of organizational success.
Therefore, leaders and managers pay more than more attentions on this topic, focusing on
constructing and managing organizational cultures.
This ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deal and Kennedy (1982:21) believe that the core of organizational culture is `Value', which are
shared by the members within an organization. And the upper level which is `Behaviour' is guided
by shared values. The invisible values provide a common direction for all members to behave
towards the goal of the organization.
Moreover, Schein (1985) has expanded the concept including fundamental assumptions, artefacts
and symbols. (Schein 1980; Schein 1985)
In Schein's theory, the most visible/outer level is behaviour and artefacts. This is the observable
level of cultures, and consists of behaviours patterns and outward cultural manifestations: such as
flags, dress codes, myths, stories, products and services, level of technology utilized, type of
operations process, and the physical layout of work spaces. These are all visible factors that
presenting the cultures of an organization. At the next level of culture are values. Values underlie
and to a large extent determine behaviour, but they are not directly observable

Mandalay Beach Post Development : Mandalay
Mandalay Beach post development 5. Tables DPSIR Protocol Drivers: –Tourism will provide more
income –Increased economy growth –Will be popular due to its remote location and enjoyable
activities –Increases happiness of Australian citizens –Increases the population and size of the local
community Pressures: –Ensure the preservation of the local flora and fauna –Follow the Australian
governments rules and regulations including the ICUN legislation –Preserve the heritage and history
created at Mandalay –Minimised pollution –Not to damage any undiscovered Aboriginal artefacts
State: – In the current state the flora and fauna is barely affected by human activity due to its
location –The ocean is rough and dangerous for swimming. –There are possible locations of
undiscovered Aboriginal artefacts –The wreckage of the Mandalay is still visible Impact: –Increased
in human activity in the previously unoccupied area, which may disturb wildlife and affect local
ecosystem –Potential for pollution –Potential for economic growth –Increase revenue –Increase
tourism –Create jobs –There will be a need for sewerage containment and facilities, due to a lack of
previous sewerage facilities. –Will need irrigation systems to allow for fresh water access –There
will be a need for electricity; new power lines –In order to construct the project it will be costly
Response: –The construction of the theme park may provoke an angry responses from
environmentalists. –May provide a high

Tutankhamun's Death Mask: Ancient Egyptian History
Tutankhamun's Death Mask
By Sanuli
Tutankhamun was an Egyptian pharaoh of the 18th dynasty who lived in a period of Egyptian
history known as the New Kingdom or the New Empire Period. He began his reign when he was
only 9! He reigned for about 10 years and soon died. Most scientists have concluded that the most
likely cause of his death was from a broken leg but there are several valid reasons that makes the
answer never for certain. His death mask was an important artefact in history. It was bright, shiny
yellow and blue. It was heavy (nearly 11 kilograms) and made of actual gold as well as lapis lazuli.
It was made by two sheets of gold hammered together. It covered the head of the deceased pharaoh's
mummy. This was done too ensure that the spirit of the dead person would recognise their body.
This artefact was found in the Valley of the Kings in Egypt, a royal burial ground located on the
west bank of the ancient city of Thebes. Tutankhamun was believed to be buried in 1324 BC. The
mask was found by a British Egyptologist called Howard Carter in 1925 in tomb KV62. This was
one of the biggest finds of the century. Howard Carter was actually running out of money for ...
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It was mainly for making sure his spirit would recognise the body as the mask was a replica of his
face except in blue and gold. There were also other ideas though like they were mementos of the
dead or be used for creation of portraits. This mask was not carelessly made. For the pharaohs, they
were carefully crafted and made of only the most expensive and precious materials. Masks were
used a lot in ancient Egyptian culture. There were ritual masks and death masks. They were used for
gods and even poorer citizens. However, masks for the poor citizens were made of lot less expensive
materials that were not as good quality, things like cartonnage. This was a material made from
papyrus or linen, then soaked in plaster and then moulded on a wooden

How Did The Military Contribute To The Decline Of The...
In 753 B.C.E the most dynamic city known to the world, Rome was established by their first king,
Romulus. They've conquered through countries to broaden their culture, architecture and literature.
Throughout this, Rome became perceived to the Greek influenced. After exceeding greater than 500
years, the Roman Empire survived from 27BC–476AD. The causes of the decline of Rome have
been consistently been a subject of discussion and debate. The Roman military has performed an
astonishing contribution towards the success and destruction of the Roman Empire. Its significance
towards the Ancient Rome led this nation conquering multiple countries such as England, Spain,
France, Germany, Greece, Africa and the middle east. Throughout this conquer, the Roman Empire
became adequate to obtain more power and become recognized by historians as a remarkably
efficient combat. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Barbarian knowledge of the Roman military tactics was another cause of the decline of the
Roman Empire. The Roman style of warfare and military tactics by serving in the Roman army were
eventually turned against the Empire and led to the sack of Rome by the Visigoths led by an ex–
army soldier, Alaric. This essay will be clarifying the causes of the decline of the Roman empire
through the following focus questions; to what extent has the role of military contributed to the
decline of the Roman empire, what problems arose in regards to the role of military and what
archaeological artefacts are used to interpret the role of

Different Definitions of Art and Photography
To test the validity of the statement 'All the arts are based on the presence of man, only photography
derives an advantage from his absence.' (Bazin 1967: 13), one has to first define what is meant by
art. This commentary is going to examine this statement using three different definitions of art,
Bazin's, Tolstoy's and Arnheim's definitions. Andre Bazin believed realism lies at the heart of art,
and that art is the process of reproducing reality. He believed that an artefact should 'helps us to
remember the subject and to preserve him from a second spiritual death' (Bazin 1967: 10). He saw
art as a way of immortalising mortal things; he compares painting and sculptures to the ancient
practice of mummifying in Egypt, 'to keep up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although modification of photos is possible, it is important to note that it is frowned upon amongst
those who practice photography as an art, as the central idea behind the art of photography is
realism, and being able to produce something that someone will look at later and admire. If we use
Bazin's definition of art, a realistic recreation of an object or person, photography does benefit from
an absence of man, as it is not influenced by minds of individuals, and produces an exact copy of the
subject. And although many artistes have tried to be as objective as possible, and have produced
portraits of man and landscapes that resemble their subjects very closely, they still lack the clarity
and detail that a photo can provide. The reason behind this is that no human brain can ever be as
objective as a camera, as their illustrations is based on their perception and their view of the world,
which can differ from man to man. At the other end of spectrum lies Rudolf Arnheim definition of
art, which states art is something that is a pure work of man. For Arnheim a piece of work would
have to be made by man in every sense, the idea and the production process, to be considered art.
Arnheim also believed 'film will be able to reach the heights of the other arts only when it frees

General Yue Feii Timeline
TIMELINE
________________________________________________________________________________
TIME PERIOD – The Song Dynasty –
BIOGRAPHY OF THE TIMES: General Yue Fei the great and famous famous warrior
Yue Fei was born in 1103 A.D and died in 1144 A.D in the Northern Song Dynasty. After a massive
flood that destroyed many house and properties. He was forced to work in the fields with his father
to make money. Yue Fei also got his education from his dad then in 1022 A.D he joined the army.
He was known for his great military success and his high ethical standards. When he was younger
Jurchens attacked which forced the imperial army into a dilemma. They needed soldiers, and fast.
He chose to serve his country so he went to join the war, but before he went his mother tattooed jing
zhong bau gua which ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Later the Jurchens attacked the capital city and killed the emperor but Zue Fei was undefeated
because he killed one–hundred thousand Jurchens with only five–hundred men. Even though he was
known for his military skills he was also known for rescuing civilians and caring for wounded
soldiers of the battle field. He helps his soldiers if the get sick and he helps the families of the
soldiers that died. He was also very generous because he always saves his rewards with his men. A
several years after the new southern Song Dynasty he was called to deal with an uprising in a town.
After he dealt with the crowd the emperor asked him to slaughter everyone in the town but after lots
of pleading he was granted his wish so only the people who stated the uproar died. The people called
him many great names and this shows that the people loved him as a person for what he did for
them. Everyone loved him except for some of the other captains who became jealous so they
encouraged the emperor to believe that he might become too powerful away from the capital city so
they brought back.

CBCT Lab Analysis
The CBCT is somewhat recent imaging modality, as the first commercial scanner being in use in
1998 for dental imaging aims (87). This is a subtype of computed tomography which utilizes an x–
ray beam in the form of cone instead of the conventional fan one (88). For standard full field of view
for CBCT, polychromatic X–rays are generated from a source tube generated by 100–120 kV tube
potential using 1.5–10 mA current (89). The generated X–ray photon energy is absorbed by different
materials found be¬tween the X–ray source and detector. The remaining energy after materials
absorption is recorded on a film detector as expressed by intensity (I) that means energy per area and
time. For example, the flat–panel detector consists of a pixel array ... Show more content on
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Scatter artifacts resulted from scattered X–ray photons from the original path that is added to the
primary intensity causing an underesti¬mation of attenuation value in Eq. 1. Scattering has
increased chance to occur with the use of larger detectors resulting in streak artefacts during
reconstruction of the CBCT image (90). Additionally, beam hardening happens as the energy levels
of polychromatic X–ray beams used with the CBCT are not uniform, so the lower energy photons
can be absorbed easily at the edges of the scanned area causing hardening of the X–ray beam, which
resulting in lower gray values toward the subject center causing what is called cup¬ping artifact
even if the density all over the subject is identical (91) Ring artifacts caused by defects or un–
calibrated components in the detector forming concentric rings in the CBCT im¬age. Dense metallic
materials scanning can cause severe streaking artifacts when their gray values are more than the
maxi¬mum level of operation that the software can deal with (91). Patient motion during CBCT
scanning can cause shading or streaking artefacts that appear when the gray values are incorrectly
registered on the resultant image (90, 91). This artefact com¬monly showed as double contours in
the CBCT image. Currently, CBCT based BMD measurement has been used mainly to evaluate
bone properties around dental implanta¬tion (92). It was shown that, BMD measured

The Bull At The Palace Of Minos Essay
INTRODUCTION
One of the most captivating tales from Ancient Greece is that of King Minos of Crete and the
Minotaur, a beast half–man and half–bull. This legend, immortalised by modern films, has its
origins in the Aegean, at a time when the bull held a special place in society.
During excavations near Heraklion in Crete in 1990, English archaeologist Sir Arthur
Evans unearthed a massive structure built by a sophisticated Bronze Age civilisation.
Evans identified this as the Palace of King Minos in the ancient city of Knossos, inhabited by people
he called the Minoans. Evans' excavations at Knossos revealed an extensive body of evidence for
the Minoan civilisation, an analysis of which proves the bull to be a significant motif depicted on a
range of iconographical media. The Australian Museum's latest exhibition, Minotaur: The Bull at the
Palace of Minos draws on this evidence to present different representations of the bull at Knossos, as
well as to communicate the significance of the bull to the Minoans. The blockbuster, which is
expected to run from April – September 2018 will showcase over 100 objects from the Heraklion
Archaeological Museum, as well as integrate innovative digital technologies to provide visitors with
enjoyable immersive experiences. The following report provides a detailed overview of the
exhibition, beginning with an explanation of its value, content and layout, before moving on to
outline the target audience and visitor experience on offer.

Ethnicity And Communication Paper
The characterisation of race and the manipulation of cultural difference are issues that have
propelled the study of intercultural and international communication (Halualani et al, 2009). The
communication process between individuals of differing cultural backgrounds is complex and often
hindered by psychological processes such as ethnocentrism, historical prejudice and stereotyping
(Kim, 2001: 7). This paper will discuss these intercultural and international communication issues
with reference to American anti–Japanese propaganda from World War II (WWII). It will first
introduce the artefacts and then use them to illustrate race, othering and Orientalism as issues that
specifically relate to the communication process. It is apparent that these ... Show more content on
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The issues discussed in relation to the artefacts relate directly to critical perspectives, as this school
seeks to understand the role of power and contextual constraints on communication in order to
achieve a more equitable society (Nakayama & Halualani, 2010:2). Further, a critical perspective
requires us to "understand how relationships emerge in historical contexts, within institutional and
political forces and social norms", and how intercultural communication relations are "constrained
and enabled by institutions, ideologies, and histories" (Collier, 2002, pp.1–2). Thus, these issues
relate directly to international and intercultural relations as they demonstrate how mechanisms of
communication are used deliberately to separate publics and create specific

Temple Raiders : The Illicit Trade Essay
NS6501 Tomb Raiders: The Illicit Trade in Antiquities
Assessment 001 – Sarah Wakefield s0109665
CONTENTS
1 Illicit Antiquities 1000 Word Assignment 1–4
2 References 5–6 3 Appendixes 1. 1954 Hague Convention Cultural Property Definition 7 2. Laws
& Legislations 8–10 3 International Organisations (with list of acronyms) 11–12
Introduction
The illegal trade in antiquities or 'cultural property, as defined in the 1954 Hague Convention as
objects of artistic, historical or archaeological interest (appendix1), has become one of the largest
and most lucrative criminal activities. Carried out on a transnational scale, it is believed to be the
third most common form of trafficking after drugs and arms (ISPAC, 2008). Despite the enormity of
this problem however, it is tackled with only a fraction of resources afforded to other criminal acts
(Bazley, 2010). This is a worrying trend perhaps, given profits are often channelled into additional
areas of organised crime, including narcotics and more recently facilitation of terrorist movements
(Interpol, 2014). The aim of this assignment therefore is to explore this crime further, focussing
primarily on stolen archaeological artefacts and identifying some key reasons for its proliferation. It
will also look at international laws and legal instruments currently in place, recognising any failings
or cross–jurisdictional challenges that may

Caesarea Maritima Analysis
The site of Caesarea Maritima contains many unique challenges for archaeological excavations.
Ceramics play an important role in discovering factual information about a site. Nonetheless,
Caesarea Maritima has a variety of specific challenges associated with it for archaeologists. Not
only does it cover a significant section of the coastal region, but the immense harbour over time has
been completely submerged in the sea. Along with geographical challenges, there are also historical
ones. The site of Caesarea Maritima was inhabited from Hellenistic time until the Crusaders, a
period spanning over 900 years. As it was continuously inhabited, throughout the archaeological
layers are the remnants of many different cultures. With this in mind, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Important discoveries concerning maritime trade was learned through the analysis of amphora found
in Vault 1 of area C (Blakely 1988). This article not only focused upon a specific amphora that of
Amphora Class 48/49 (Peacock and Williams 1986 p. 196–99) but also other Palestinian and
imported amphorae found in the vault. Through the analysis of Class 48/49 information such as
where the pottery was made and what goods they were transporting was learned. By studying the
minerals found in the fabric of two of the sherds it was discovered that sherd 6.2 was formed in the
Avdat region of the Negev (Blackely 1988, p. 38) while sherd 6.3, because of the amount of heavy
metals found within identified the amphora as being made in Gaza or the Western Negev (Blackely
1988, p. 38). Coupled with the knowledge that very few examples of Amphora Class 48/49 were
found inland while many examples were found in Caesarea, archaeologists theorized that the vessels
arrived from the sea via Gaza avoiding any overland travel. In the article it is pointed out the dating
for the vessel types is debated. Dates range from the third to the sixth, centuries. Of the Palestinian
pottery, the analysis shows they might have contained water or wine, however, no evidence of oil
was found (Blackely 1988, p. 39). One of the more common imported Amphora from vault 1 was
the Rhodian Amphora (Blackely 1988, p. 41) and they were thought to have carried wine. Because
of the large number of imported amphorae identified, the archaeologists hypothesised that the
function of the vault was primarily that of a storage facility for international goods. After the
contents of the amphora where analysed it became apparent that their purpose was not to transport
only one product rather residue from two or more goods was found (Blackely 1988, p. 42). Another
key piece of evidence identified was the

Inequalities in Health Essay
[Type the company name]
11
Inequalities of Health
Sociology
Gemma McCann
Inequalities of health
Gemma McCann
Word count 1310
Within this assignment I am going to explore the sociological perspectives of Marxism and
Functionalism and a brief view on interactionism in relation to health and inequalities in health. I
will explore sociological explanations for these inequalities focusing on structural materialist,
artefact, social selection and cultural explanations.
"Health is a state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social wellbeing, and not just the
absence of disease" (WHO, 1974). Health inequalities are the differences in health or healthcare
opportunities in different societies this may be due to income, ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Ill health provides jobs for doctor's nurses and specialists (P.Trowler, Investigsting Health welfare
and Poverty, 1996 p.27) .
Marxist theory believes that there is a relationship between health and illness and capitalist social
organisation. The main focus is on how the definition and treatment of health and illness are
influenced by the nature of economic activity in a capitalist society. Marxist believe that the health
service exists for two reasons, they believe it has a genuine role in that it persuades a large number
of the population that capitalism 'cares' for them (Moore, 2008 p.263).
Marxist believe that the health service helps the capitalist economy more directly, believing that the
health service maintains a healthy, hardworking and productive workforce. Workers who are ill or
injured are returned to work and therefore continue to make profits for the owners of capital.
Marxist believes that inequalities in health are related to how productive people are. The low levels
of expenditure on the working class is explained by the presence of social class division throughout
society, whereby working class people consistently receive worse treatment across the range of
services in housing, education and health (Moore, 2008, p.265).

Interactionists tend to concentrate on relatively small scale levels of social interaction, between
individuals or small social groups. They focus on the way in which individuals act, making
conscious choices about

Using The Pulse Echo Principle ( Venables 2011a )
Sound is a mechanical wave, propagating through a medium in order for it to travel (Venables
2011a). Ultrasound is defined as high frequency sound waves, above the audible range i.e. >20 kHz
(Zidan et al. 2011). These waves are formed using the pulse–echo principle (Venables 2011a). This
principle refers to the piezoelectric crystals which are situated in the transducer. When an alternating
electrical voltage is applied across the transducer element (Lieu 2010), the element undergoes a
series of compressions and rarefactions, resulting in electrical energy being converted into
mechanical waves (ultrasound). These ultrasound waves propagate through tissues until they reach
an acoustic interface. It is here "where there is a change in impedance (an acoustic boundary)"
(Venables 2011a, that ultrasound waves will be reflected back to the transducer as echoes. These
reflected echoes are then turned into an electrical signal and displayed on the ultrasound image as
shades of grey, ranging from black to white.
For the best possible image to be achieved, ultrasound requires good spatial resolution. Spatial
resolution is the ability of two structures which are close together to be seen as separate, along the
axis and perpendicular to the ultrasound beam (Gibbs et al. 2009). Good spatial resolution
corresponds to an optimum axial and lateral resolution. Axial resolution depends on the spatial pulse
length, if the pulse length is decreased better axial resolution will be achieved. This

The Artifacts Of The Past
To understand the past, we have to understand the artefacts of the past. Artefacts show us another
kind of history, and another way of approaching the past. Not only do they frame the way we
interact with the world, they also influence the way we think about it as a whole. So when one
questions the ownership of these artefacts, they also question the history behind it. Because the
history of art is, for the most part, a history of theft; questions over its ownership are bound to ensue.
So, how do we decide who owns art, and subsequently, history? Prevailing postcolonial ideologies,
might characterise museums as imperial despoilers in which their possession of artefacts showcase
the dispossession of cultural identity from the colonised, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Polybius was one of the first historians to criticise the Romans and their actions, and since only
fragments of his ninth book have been preserved, the full extent of Polybius' criticism is
unattainable. However his strong disapproval of the seizure of the Syracusan art is clearly evident.
Polybius stated, "a city is not adorned by external splendours, but by the virtue of its inhabitants"
(Polybius, c.200 – c.118 BC). He presented two rhetorical arguments against the removal of
Syracusan art. Firstly, he claimed that art contributed nothing to the power and expansion of the city.
Additionally, he also questioned whether the victors could become great while living simply. If they
could, why should they imitate the weaker people they defeated? (Miles, 2008). Polybius stated that
victors "should not strip the cities under the idea that the misfortunes of another are an ornament to
their own country" (Polybius, c.200 – c.118 BC). However, historian Erich S. Gruen argues that
Polybius' criticism of Roman extraction of art from Syracuse was a "tactical error rather than a
moral failure", as Polybius himself was bound by the envy and fear of what the art would incite in
regards to Greco–Roman relations (Gruen, 1992). Art looting became a standard practice after
Napoleon took over the French army. Looting was undertaken to raise funds to support the war
effort, and to elevate morale in Paris. Under Napoleon, the Louvre museum became an

Green Marketing, Environmental Marketing And Ecological...
Numerous individuals trust that green marketing alludes exclusively to the advancement or
publicizing of items with ecological qualities. Accordingly green promoting consolidates an
expansive scope of exercises, including bundling changes, changes to the generation process, item
adjustment and in addition changing or altering publicizing.
Almost all the governing institutes and regimes around the world have concerned about green
marketing activities that they have endeavored to regulate them. For example, in the United States
(US) the Federal Trade Commission and the National Association of Attorneys–General have
created broad records looking at green advertising. There has been little try to scholastically inspect
ecological or green advertising. Be that as it may, to characterize green marketing is not a basic
undertaking. The phrasing utilized as a part of this range has fluctuated, it incorporates: Green
Marketing, Environmental Marketing and Ecological Marketing. While green advertising became a
force to be reckoned with in the late 1980s and mid–1990s, it was initially talked about much
before. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on "Biological
Marketing" in 1975. The procedures of this workshop brought about one of the first books on green
advertising entitled "Ecological Marketing". Green marketing is defined as "Environmental or Green
Marketing comprises of all exercises intended to create and encourage any trades proposed to fulfill

Whether Organisational Culture can be Managed
Introduction
The main aim of every organisation is increase demand for the goods and services it offers. To
achieve this goal, organisations employ certain ethics that control their attitudes, beliefs, experiences
and values. This ethical characteristic of an organisation is known as its 'organisational culture'. In
their book Strategic Management, Hill and Jones (2001) define organisational culture as the specific
collection of values and norms that are shared by people and groups in an organisation, and that
control the way they interact with each other and with stakeholders outside the organisation. In their
opinion, it also includes beliefs and ideas about what kind of goals members of an organisation
should pursue, and ideas about ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To optimise the processes of drilling, refining and transporting its products, Saudi Aramco has
employed over 500 scientists and engineers that specialise in different aspects of the hydrocarbon
industry (Saudi Aramco 75th Anniversary, 2008).
Figure 1 below is a representation of the Saudi Aramco organogram:
Figure 1: Saudi Aramco Organisational Structure.
The organogram above shows that Saudi Aramco has a single president and six separate operational
Business Line hierarchies. The six separate Business Line hierarchies are controlled by Senior Vice
Presidents, each with six identical vertical levels in operation: finance, exploration and production,
engineering, industrial relations, and refining, marketing and international. Within each level there
are grade codes, and the number of grade coded is commensurate to the number of employees in a
particular level. For example, the subordinate level is made up of 8 grade codes, while the next
vertical step up, that of supervisor, has 5 grade codes.
Saudi Aramco is made up of 1 CEO, 7 Senior Vice Presidents, 30 Vice Presidents and 161 Managers
(who are distributed throughout the organisation). It also consists of over 600 General Supervisors
and has a grand total of 52,000 employees. As mentioned above, the company uses grade codes for
the hierarchal distribution and specification of its employees.

Caesarea Maritima Essay
The site of Caesarea Maritima contains many unique challenges for archaeological excavations. In
spite of this, through pottery analysis, archaeologists are able to learn about different aspects of the
site. Nonetheless, Caesarea Maritima has a variety of specific challenges associated with it for
archaeologists. Not only does it cover a significant section of the coastal region, but the immense
harbour, over time, has been completely submerged in the sea. Along with geographical challenges,
there are also historical ones. The site of Caesarea Maritima was inhabited from Hellenistic time
until the Crusaders, a period spanning over 900 years. As it was continuously inhabited, the
archaeological layers contain the remnants of many different cultures. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
At the site of Tell el–Hesi, Petrie noticed specific styles of pottery at different stages of the dig
(Petrie 1890). By a comparison of the different pottery forms with similar pieces dated from
previous sites, Petrie was able to date the surrounding material through the pottery. Significantly, by
studying the pottery forms, Petrie created an association between specific dates and forms of pottery
(Petrie 1891) thus created a chronology which revolutionised the archaeology of the Levant. To give
an illustration of the impact which Petrie's discovery has had upon archaeology in the Levant, his
chronology has been used on archaeological sites in the region throughout the past century (Cole
1984; Tushingham 1986). In Caesarea Maritima Petrie's discovery of dating a site through the
pottery has assisted with dating both the city and the harbour of Sebastos. In the harbour, the
discovery of pottery was interpreted as evidence that the city was importing goods via sea trade,
during the 3rd century AD (Hohlfelder 1988). While excavating Caesarea Maritima the Department
of Antiquities in Israel discovered that an area they were excavating was abandoned during the Arab
conquest (Yeivin 1955, p. 123). Yet, because there was evidence of pottery from the eighth and ninth
centuries in addition to some lamps, it was evidence that after the site had been abandoned it was
resettled. Because of the discovery of Mameluke pottery, it became apparent that the site was
superceded during the Crusader period (Yeivin 1955, p. 123). Petrie's discovery of the association
between pottery and dating, therefore, has assisted in the archaeology of Caesarea

Art Galleries And Art Museums
An institution with the purpose of preserving, protecting and publically displaying collections
ranging from various paintings to different artefacts are museums. Their historical development also
led to intellectual evolution and divergence of the public thought on objects that are placed inside.
Today we question the values of seeing those objects; for an example, museum sceptics undermine
the value of museums and collections. Nevertheless, there are several main points that argue against
the beliefs of "museum sceptics" and they propose that when seeing objects in a museum we gain
value of praising and preserving the past, preserving cultural heritage and acquire an educational
value.
Art galleries and museums are nowadays indispensable institutions mainly in important cities
around the world. The Metropolis provides the perfect social and political environment to develop
the civic ritual founded by Art Museums and its now rooted tradition. (Duncan, 1995, p.21)
However, predominant thought that questions seeing objects in a museum is proposed by the
"museum sceptics". According to Carrier, museum sceptics state that art in museums does not
survive, meaning it loses its power. Museums de facto fail to preserve the art constituted in old
objects that are collected. This belief also rejects 'time travel' in museums since they argue that it is
only an illusion. (Carrier, 2006, pp. 50–51) This is a rather philosophical approach, but it strongly
rejects the claim that old

Attenuation Types Of Photon Energy
The CBCT is relatively recent technology, with the first commercial scanner being introduced in
1998 for dental imaging (87) This is a type of CT that uses a cone X–ray beam instead of the
conventional fan beam (88). For standard full field of view for CBCT, polychromatic X–rays are
generated from a source tube excited by 100–120 kV tube potential with 1.5–10 mA current (89).
The emitted X–ray photon energy is absorbed by materials located be¬tween the X–ray source and
detector. The remaining energy after absorption is recorded on a detector as expressed by intensity
(I) that represents energy per area and time. For example, the flat–panel detector consists of a pixel
array of hydrogenated amorphous silicon thin–film transistors (88). A ... Show more content on
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1. Larger detectors have a greater chance of encountering the scattered X–ray pho¬tons leading to
streak artefacts during reconstruction pro¬cess for the CBCT image (90). Beam hardening occur as
the energy levels of polychromatic X–ray beams used in the CBCT are not identical, the lower
energy photons can be easily absorbed at the edges of the scanned subject resulting in hardening of
the X–ray beam, which produces lower gray values toward the center of the subject (cup¬ping
artifact) even if the density of the subject is homoge¬nous (91) Defects or un calibrated components
in the detector may cause ring artefacts with concentric rings in the CBCT im¬age. Scanning dense
metallic materials can cause severe streaking artifacts when their gray values exceed the maxi–mum
level of operation that the software can handle (91). Shading or streaking artefacts may be observed
when the gray values are incorrectly registered due to patient motion during CBCT scanning (90,91)
This artefact com¬monly appears as double contours in the CBCT image. To date, CBCT based
BMD measurement has been used mainly to estimate bone properties for dental implanta¬tion (92).
The BMD measured from CBCT images showed a better predicting power to estimate cortical bone
frac¬ture than assessed by the conventional DXA images (93). More applications are performed for
the diagnosis of oral bone disease, improvement of orthodontic treatment,

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