Pituitary Dwarfism Research Paper

Pituitary Dwarfism Research Paper
Pituitary Dwarfism is a disease where the growth of someone is slowed or delayed, usually due to a
malfunction in the pituitary gland and it results in a less than normal stature. It takes place in the
pituitary gland which regulates the production of hormones and it causes normal stature with short
limbs. Since the height and growth is decreased, it results in what many people refer to as a
"midget." The Pituitary gland produces many hormones such as the growth hormone, luteinizing,
thyroid, prolactin, follicle–stimulating, and oxytocin. A decrease in the production of hormones in
the anterior pituitary is what causes most forms of dwarfism. The decrease occurs during childhood,
and it causes the body to be developed proportionately, but at
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Amish Family Legacy
In watching the video, "The Amish – A Family Legacy" I learned a vast amount of information
about the Amish community. The Amish group of people live a more traditional lifestyle of past
generations. The Amish lifestyle could be compared to the lifestyle of people who lived between the
1800's and 1900's prior to the Industrial revolution. The Amish do not partake in the uses of modern
technology. For instance, their means of transportation are horses and walking. Our current means
of transportation are cars, motorcycles, buses, trains, etc. Another instance is that the Amish still
practice agricultural farming with little no involvement of machinery. They also refuse to use
chemicals refuse to use chemicals such as pesticides as we do to repel bugs from our crops. The
Amish feel that our two different worlds should be isolated and distant from one another to keep
their traditional way of life away from the modern world. The secluded community known as the
Amish avoid contact with the outside word of their community. This leads to having their
community limited in the means of communication to only each other. By limiting their means of
contact with others, the Amish limit themselves to only one social circle. This also limits them in
possibly picking their spouse to only be from the Amish within their own community. Scientifically
speaking, the Amish do have ancestry that are easily seen from all the past generations because of
this. Their population would grow

Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Essay
Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is a type of dwarfism. Dwarfism is a disorder can happen because of
several different reasons. This type of dwarfism occurs because of a defective gene from at least one
parent that is passed down to its offspring, but could also occur because of a new mutation in the
gene passed down. Although there are different types of dwarfism they all cause the person to be
short, and sometimes disfigured or distorted. This type and most of the others not only affect the
persons legs, but can also effect different parts of their body. There are treatments to help with these
other problems that go with dwarfism, but you can not fully get rid of it. Spondyloepiphyseal
dysplasia mostly occurs in a child when one of their parents passes down a defective gene to them.
Around 80 percent of these people have average–size parents though, this can be caused by new
mutations that have developed in the parent or parents gene that gets passed down to their offspring.
Their average size is dwarf was below 4' 10", but still above 4'. Spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia is
also commonly referred to as SED. This type of dwarfism disrupts bone growth during development
as a child. This is what causes the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some also have a curvature of the neck and spine, which is called scoliosis, as described before.
This forms in a child in their developmental stages during childhood that can cause problems with
breathing later in their life, if not monitored and treated appropriately. These changes in the spine
and neck may also increase the risk of serious spinal cord damage or even clubfoot. Clubfoot is a
hip joint deformity in which the upper leg bones turn inward causing the person to have an
extremely hard time walking and doing other activities including most sports, or even standing for
long periods of

Achondroplasia Research Paper
Abstract:
Dwarfism is a syndrome where a person has abnormal bone development. Symptoms include short
stature, bowed legs, curvature of the lower spine, and a prominent forehead. The most common type
of dwarfism, Achondroplasia, is characterized by a glycine to arginine mutation on codon 380 in the
fibroblast growth factor receptor transmembrane domain 3 gene. When the mutated fibroblast
growth factor receptor 3 protein interacts with a fibroblast growth factor ligand, the receptor is
stabilized and a cascade of events occur. Downstream receptor pathways that are affected by the
mutation involve signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and phospholipase C, gamma 1.
Different mutations on the fibroblast growth factor receptor transmembrane ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Specifically, employing FGFR3 kinase chemical inhibitors to reduce its activity, allowing normal or
near–normal bone growth (Laederich and Horton 2010). An inhibitor that targets FGFR3 has been
generated and promoted normal bone growth in knock–in mice mice models with archondroplasia
but not live mice (Laederich and Horton 2010).
Garcia et al. (2013) carried out a study where a soluble form of human FGFR3 protein was
employed to prevent FGF ligand from binding to the mutated FGFR3, and thus preventing the
MAPK signaling pathway and STAT1 activation from being overactive. The soluble FGFR3 was
injected into newborn mice twice a week for 3 weeks (Garcia et al. 2013). Restored growth plate
bone chondrocytes maturation was seen and normal stature was conserved (Garcia et al. 2013).
Curvature of the spine was also disappeared (Garcia et al.

Achondroplasia Research Paper
Achondroplasia is a disease that is dwarfism which is a change in growth of long bones, in resulting
very short limbs. Sometimes a face that is small in relation to a normal face sized to skull
(hereditary condition). An adult height is four feet ten inches or less. It's a genetic or medical
condition. The major disorders in this disease is during early fetal development, much of your
skeleton is made up of cartilage doesn't convert to bone. Caused by mutations in the gene, FGFR3.
This gene instructs your body to make protein necessary for the bone growth. It interferes with the
normal skeleton development. The symptoms of this disorder is when at birth/child: short legs and
arms, an underdeveloped area of the face between the forehead and upper jaw, short fingers, ring
and middle finger point away from each other, and a disproportionately large head compared to the
body. The symptoms for health: decrease muscle tone which can cause delays in walking and other
motor skills, apnea which involves brief periods of slowed breathing or breathing that stops,
hydrocephalus or water on the brain, spinal stenosis which is a narrowing of the spinal canal that
can compress the spinal cord. Last but not least but the children/adults symptoms: have difficulty
bending their elbows, be obese, experience recurrent ear infections because of narrow passages in
the ears, developed an abnormal curvature of the spine called kyphosis or lordosis, and develop new
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is treated by antibiotics are given for ear infections, surgery may be performed in severe cases
of spinal stenosis. Even some doctors use growth hormones to increase the growth rate of a child's
bones, (there's not a cure or specific treatment for this disease). Nothing else is contribute to this
disease that I am aware

Arthrogryposis Research Paper
Arthrogryposis condition description paper Definition "Arthrogryposis is a condition that causes
joints to be stiff and crooked at birth. The individual's intelligence is relatively normal. The patient
will have stiff upper and lower joints, with fixed internal rotation of the shoulders, extension of the
elbows, flexion and ulnar deviation of the wrist. The lower extremities will exhibit external rotation
of the hips and knee flexion contracture" (Reed, 2011). Etiology "Arthrogryposis is caused by
impaired utero movement for longer than 3 weeks. The impaired physical movement can be caused
by uterine malformations, multiple gestations, or oligohydramnios, which is too little amniotic fluid
surrounding the baby in the womb. Lack of movement ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, if the child uses their forearms in a pronated position to carry items, stretching the
muscles may reduce the ability to functionally performing tasks. The biomechanical theory is the
typical frame of reference used in the treatment sessions. Biomechanical treatment of stretching,
positioning, and proper joint alignment can be beneficial for increased joint ROM. The areas of
occupational performance that are affected due to limited ROM and hand grasp would include
ADL's of dressing, grooming, feeding, toileting, playing, education, and social roles. The
performance components that might be affected are restricted ROM, bones and joints that are bent
or curved in atypical position. The child's fingers and thumb may not have active movement, joint
stiffness, muscle weakness, and trouble ambulating if the child has club feet. Psychosocially the
child may have self–confidence issues and dependency behaviors" (Reed, 2011). "The focus for
evaluation and treatment could involve use of tests to see what the current functional ability is, in
the occupational areas of their life. One test that is used to evaluate the physical functioning of the
child in the community, is the Activity Scales for Kids. The general treatment goals are for the child
or adolescent to participate in age appropriate tasks through problem solving and adapting to their
environment" (Reed,

Evolution And How Does It Happen?
Andrew Briseno Yang Biology XL Period 3 5/3/15 Evolution Research Paper What is evolution and
how does it happen? There are two ways of evolution taking place. There is microevolution and
macroevolution. Microevolution is gene frequency. Macroevolution is speciation. There are two
types of barriers that can be formed that would cause speciation to occur. Allopatric speciation is a
physical barrier that separates a species long enough for speciation, such as a dam that was built.
Sympatric speciation is speciation occurs without a geographic separation, such a mutation that
caused a bird to sing a different song. Mutation can happen in many different ways. There is
chromosomal alterations such as deletion, duplication, inversion, ... Show more content on
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Competition is when organisms compete for resources. Not all organisms are created equal. This
differences in the organism 's fitness is called differential in fitness. How does this apply to humans?
Humans are mutating right now. Some are caused by genes, while some are caused by the
environment. Dwarfism is usually caused by genes, and will make the person small in stature.
Osteoporosis is usually caused by the environment, and will the person 's bones weak and brittle.
Dwarfism is usually caused by genes. Achondroplasia is a skeletal condition which causes
dwarfism. Some adult heights were recorded as short as 64 cm. Some Dwarfs can be proportionate
or disproportionate. This is usually because of the inhibition of the development of bones. Dwarfism
is caused by the FGFR3 gene. A person with achondroplasia and with two average–size parents
received one mutated copy of the gene and one normal copy of the gene. A person with
achondroplasia may pass along either a mutated or normal gene to their own children. There is no
real, all around treatment, due to the skeletal disorders, but in certain cases of pituitary dwarfism, it
can be treated by giving human growth hormone. Since the bones grow if different ways, sometimes
surgeries that can correct some of the displacement of the bones are needed. This is usually done
with limbs and mainly the spinal cord. Osteoporosis causes bones to become weak and brittle,
usually because the wear and tear of

Achondroplasia Research Papers
To everyone, the image of a dwarf is easily recognizable, and is somewhat familiar. What is most
commonly seen is a small–bodied human being, that has not been given the gift of height. What is
forgotten, however, is the fact that dwarfism, is a rare genetic disorder which is referred to as
achondroplasia, and is extremely rare. In order to understand the entirety of the disease, one must
look at the origin of the mutation, as well as the severity of the numerous defects, while being
informed on the possible treatments to benefit those affected. This particular disease originates
specifically from either a gene alteration, or our inherited genes, which are described as a mutation
that targets the skeletal system. Achondroplasia can be inherited ... Show more content on
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While some procedures can correct certain problems, others to fully correct stature are unheard of.
Surgical procedures such as extended limb lengthening, and stabilization of the spine, can help
increase height and posture, but come with as many risks as any other surgery ("Dwarfism:
Treatment"). Other patients have the option of undergoing hormone therapy. This form of therapy
injects a synthetic hormone that can extend the growth of the limbs, to try and achieve the average
adult size. Treatment can last from adolescent years all the way into adulthood to ensure the
complete growth of muscle, fat, and bones ("Dwarfism: Treatment"). In addition to limb treatment,
there is a way to treat hydrocephalus in patients by placing a shunt to remove excess fluid
surrounding the brain ("Dwarfism: Treatment"). Thus opening a wide range of options to relieve
stress and other deformities that are associated with achondroplasia.
When trying to understand achondroplasia, looking at the cause of the mutation as well as the
abnormal malformations, while being educated on the possible treatments, will help to gain
knowledge on the severity of the genetic deformation. Even with the wondrous medical procedures
today, there is still a vast amount of opportunity for better development to help treat achondroplasia.
Therefore, keep in mind of the disabilities of those around you, because

Definition Of Disease Of Dwarfism
Definition of Disease
Dwarfism is defined as short stature of 4 feet 10 inches or shorter. This results from a genetic or
medical condition. The average height of a person with dwarfism is 4 feet tall. According to the
Mayo Clinic, "There are many things that can cause dwarfism, however; the disorders are divided
into two broad categories" (Medical Education, 1998). The first category is called Disproportionate
dwarfism, this is when a person's body parts and limbs may be smaller, larger, or average size
compared to overall stature. This "disease also hinders the development of the bones" according to
(......). Second we have Proportionate dwarfism this is "when the body parts appear proportionate to
the rest of the body similar to a body of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This disorder can affect malformations in the spine, hips, joints and even ones eyes.
Cause of Disease
Causes of dwarfism include but are not limited to genetic disorders, hormone deficiencies or
medical conditions. Disproportionate dwarfism may be caused by a disorder named
spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita. Which is a disorder of bone growth that concludes into
dwarfism, skeletal irregularities, and trouble with hearing and vision. Proportionate dwarfism" is
caused from medical conditions apparent at birth or early childhood which limits growth and
development" (....). Also a growth hormone deficiency is common cause of this disease. However
....... Stated, "most occurencesss of dwarfism result from a random genetic mutation in either the
fathers sperm or mothers egg rather than from either parents complete genetic makeup"(pg.)
Incidence of Population
Dwarfism is usually rare and not considered a disease, it could cause a life threatening risk. In order
to be diagnosed as a Dwarf you must be under 4'10'. According to Mayo Clinic "The prevalence of
dwarfism refers to an estimated population of those living with dwarfs. (mayo clinic)". Along with
prevalence there is also the term incidence, this usually refers to a yearly diagnosis rate and thr rate
of new cases. The Genetics Home Reference states "More than 200 different conditions can cause
dwarfism"(..). A single type, called achondroplasia,

Analysis Of Edgar Allan Poe 's ' Hop Frog '
Edgar Allan Poe: the name alone conjures an atmosphere of darkness and mystery. With notoriety
like that, it is awful peculiar that so little is definitely known about the man: particularly with his
personal on–goings, relativity or interaction with his world, and of course, his outré death. Based on
the intertextual references he placed throughout several of his works, researchers and readers alike
are open to interpretation and speculation of the great, and awe–inspiring Poe. For instance, his
short story "Hop–Frog" sparks readers' interest with a series of intertextual references/allusions
regarding disability, such as his subtle nuanced phraseology, and carefulness in characterizing
otherness amongst the members of the society detailed. Character interactions paired with Poe's
distinct phraseology are the intertextual references that allow for an interpretation of disability: what
the societal perception was of disability, both physical and mental, how the disabled were
received/treated socially, and why the plight of the physically ill–equipped became an underlying
theme within Poe's works. The short story "Hop–Frog," possesses these intertextual references in
order to build the case that Poe himself was somewhat inebriated by disability, both through
experience and internal struggle. It is important to first establish the criteria for disability of this
time. The American Psychological Association is "the largest scientific and professional
organization representing

Genetic Testing Is Ethical Essay
One of the questions that has recently plagued me has been that of which is about the genetic
structuring of our offspring. I ask myself, will we able to choose the physical features our child? If
so, do we as a society think this will be an ethical practice? Perhaps, scientifically, this might be
entirely possible, but law will most likely restrict it. An article written by Frederic Golden helped
me draw some understanding on this hot topic.
Golden commences his article with a brief story of a mother and father who have been through
prenatal testing. They tested for Down syndrome and an inheritable neuromuscular disease. While it
was a straightforward procedure that was deemed valid by their doctor, Blue Cross (their insurance
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
submit to some prenatal screening. Usually this involves a blood sample of the mother's blood in
order to determine whether she is likely to have a child with spina bifida, neural–tube defects, or
Down syndrome (Golden). United States genetic centers now offer DNA tests for over 30 or 40 of
the more commonly inherited disorders. Those including cystic fibrosis, susceptibility to breast
cancer, X syndrome, Huntington's disease, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and many other various
disorders (Golden). Also, with recent developments, couples are able to have a pre–implantation
genetic diagnosis (PGD). This procedure allows the testing of genetic disorders before germination.
It consists of "petri–dish" testing of sperm and egg cells donated by the soon to be parents. This
procedure prevents the idea of abortion, for if genetic problems occur, you are not destroying a
fetus, but simple flushing away embryo cells. Another article that I have recently acquired has more
to do with the ethical standpoint of genetic tailoring, than the scientific. In recent years, a rather
large sum of attention has been placed on whether or not the possibility of genetic testing will harm
our communities (Gooding).
"The teaching of Bioethics often relies on difficult cases. Indeed sometimes the ethical dilemma is
developed by altering the details of the case that is otherwise intuitively straightforward,

Stereotypes : Has The Role Of Peter Dinklage Progressed?
Austin Oller
Professor XXX
Class Abreviation and Number
17 November 2014
Stereotypes: Has the Role of Peter Dinklage Progressed?
In 1952 theorist Frantz Fanon wrote The Fact of Blackness, an article that illustrations the struggles
of being an African– American in then modern–day America. Fanon suggested African Americans
live with a prescribed stereotype of "blackness". Because of the color of their skin, African–
Americans have an image created for them. Due to this prescription, many individuals are unable to
create their own persona. Fanon states that a black person is the slave of his or her own image.
Today, there are many other stereotypes being placed on people just like blackness was placed on
the African American community. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most common type, called Achondroplasia is the cause of about 70 percent of all dwarfism. It
makes your arms and legs shorter than that of your torso. Achondroplasia affects about 1 in 15,000
to 1 in 40,000 live births.
To understand Fanon one must look back to the beginning of the cinema. Stereotypes were prevalent
in movies since the beginning of the cinema. One of the first movies to show a stereotypes was the
1915 silent film Birth of a Nation. In the D.W. Griffith film the African American plays the
stereotypical slave of the south after the civil war.
In the article Hollywood, Black Animation, and the Problem of Representation, author Jennifer L.
Barker shares a statement about her voice about black stereotypes:
"Since the early twentieth century, critics, filmmakers, and actors such as W.E.B. Du Bois, Clarence
Muse, Sidney Poitier, Spike Lee, and Henry Louis Gates Jr. have argued for various approaches to
representing African Americans in film, and it is unlikely that this conversation will become simpler
or more unified in the near future. In fact, conversations are bound to become more complex as the
nature of racial identity in America has become more heterogeneous in the last few decades".
The image of "Blackness" was very prevalent in the classical Hollywood Period. Often depicted as
mammies, coons or uncle toms during this period. In Boogle's book Toms, Coons, Mulattoes,
Mammies, and Bucks he writes

Essay On Achondroplasia
History
Achondroplasia is the most common diagnosis and most frequent form of those who are considered
to be dwarfs ("Learning About", 2016). When one thinks of dwarfism, they think of a short stature
with short arms, legs, and a large head. It occurs in one in every 15,000 to one in 40,000 live births
("Learning About", 2016). According to BBC News (2005), researchers found that the earliest
biological evidence of dwarfs dates back to a Predynastic Period called the "Badarian Period" (4500
BC) in addition to several skeletons from the Old Kingdom (2700 – 2190 BC). There has been
evidence of dwarfism in ancient Egyptian times. Dwarfs were held in high regard in ancient Egypt
even having two dwarf gods that they worshiped named Ptah and Bes ... Show more content on
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Obesity can be a common factor in achondroplasia and steps to avoid it is recommended to start in
early childhood (Learning About, 2016). If difficulty breathing or sleep apnea has been observed,
there are surgical options to help correct these issues. There are also medical tests to evaluate signs
of spinal cord compression and hypotonia that are recommended (Learning About, 2016). If a
reduced foramen magnum size is observed in medical tests, there may be a need for suboccipital
compression to reduce pressure on the spinal cord (Achondroplasia, n.d.). Middle ear infections are
quite common in accompanying this disease and must be managed accordingly (Achondroplasia,
n.d.). Other management strategies may be less thought about, however, those growing and living
with this disease face many hardships that those of normal stature do not. This poses psychological
turmoil that can be prevented by talking with therapists available to help guide those through this
challenging but overcoming process (Rasmussen,

Max Kaine In Rodman Philbrick's Freak The Mighty
In Rodman Philbrick's "Freak the Mighty", it shows the main character Max Kaine and his friend
Kevin Avery are pictured as social outcasts. This is because Max is looked at like his father who has
a reputation for crime, also Max is quite big for his age and not looked at as intelligent. Kevin on the
other hand is nearly a exact opposite he has been cursed with a horrible case of dwarfism but has a
gifted mind, of quite possibly a genius. Max and Kevin made their world better because they
showed us that even though people can be looked upon as different or incomparable they can
contribute to the world as well as anyone else can. Max showed us this by taking it upon himself to
make a great friendship with Kevin which shows courage and determination.

Disproportionate Dwarfism
Dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition. Dwarfism is generally
defined as an adult height of 4 feet 10 inches (147 centimeters) or less. The average adult height
among people with dwarfism is 4 feet (122 cm). Many different medical conditions cause dwarfism.
In general, the disorders are divided into two broad categories: Disproportionate dwarfism. If body
size is disproportionate, some parts of the body are small, and others are of average size or above–
average size. Disorders causing disproportionate dwarfism inhibit the development of bones.
Proportionate dwarfism. A body is proportionately small if all parts of the body are small to the
same degree and appear to be proportioned like a body of average ... Show more content on
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So the head, trunk and limbs are all small, but they're proportionate to each other. Because these
disorders affect overall growth, many of them result in poor development of one or more body
systems. Growth hormone deficiency is a relatively common cause of proportionate dwarfism. It
occurs when the pituitary gland fails to produce an adequate supply of growth hormone, which is
essential for normal childhood growth. Signs include: Height below the third percentile on standard
pediatric growth charts Growth rate slower than expected for age Delayed or no sexual development
during the teen years When to see a doctor Signs and symptoms of disproportionate dwarfism are
often present at birth or in early infancy. Proportionate dwarfism may not be immediately apparent.
See your child's doctor if you have any concerns about your child's growth or overall

What´s Meier Gorlin Syndrome?
Visualize a world where you can be several feet smaller than an average person. This is what Meier
Gorlin Syndrome, or Primordial Dwarfism, is like. The victims of this rare genetic disorder develop
many malformations and dysfunctional parts in their body while in the womb of their mother. The
child diagnosed with Meier Gorlin Syndrome inherited this disease by two parents both carrying a
mutated chromosome 21. The recessive genes in the parents came together and effected the
offspring. There are several symptoms that include a short stature, or being well below the average
height, small chin, head, and mouth, missing or undeveloped patellas, or kneecaps, low ears, full
lips, and problems in the urinary tract. (kidneys, ureters, and bladder.)

Essay On Achondroplastic Dysplasia
Achondroplasia is a disorder most commonly associated with its expression of dwarfism in those
affected by it. Also referred to as Achondroplastic Dwarfism and sometimes abbreviated ACH, a
common definition follows that it is a genetic disorder disturbing the normal growth of cartilage.
This disorder, which affects all populations and is indifferent to gender, occurs when there is a
mutation in one specific gene; the FGFR3 gene, on chromosome four. This mutation typically
occurs as a de–novo gene alteration, but is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait if passed on
from a parent/parents. Although a seemingly small difference, the genetic mutation associated with
Achondroplasia causes drastic differences in body appearance when compared to people without
this disorder, mainly concerning the "abnormally short stature" it is characterized by (1).
Additionally, individuals affected by this mutation face a lifetime of physical and social challenges,
as well as the possibility of dangerous medical conditions.
While the condition of extremely short stature is commonly called dwarfism, the term "skeletal
dysplasia" refers to over two hundred disorders associated with much shorter than average height
(5). Forms of skeletal dysplasia are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If the disorder is inherited from biological parents, it does so as an autosomal dominant trait,
meaning a copy of the gene with the mutation is only needed from one parent in order for the
offspring to inherit and show the disorder (4). However, this scenario is seen only in about twenty
percent of the roughly two hundred and fifty thousand people around the world living with
Achondroplasia (6). The majority of cases (eighty percent) are caused by a randomly occurring
mutation in the FGFR3 gene, known as a de novo gene alteration, which takes place for reasons
scientists and medical professionals are unaware of at this point in time

Religious Stereotypes
My most recent series of paintings, Society's Reflection, deals with religious stereotypes. Starting
with six traditional religious figures, I alter their appearance in ways society wouldn't expect such as
adding tattoos, piercings, or including a transgender figure. This allows me to break up stereotypes
and reflect the true diversity of our society. These changes are intended to show that anyone can
study a religion or hold a certain set of beliefs, regardless of how they look on the outside. I have
been stereotyped for my entire life, which is why I have a strong connection to this series.
In October, which is Dwarfism Awareness Month, I installed a body of work portraying my very
personal experience living with dwarfism. I created a

Metaatropic Dwarfism Essay
Metatropic dwarfism
Metatropic dysplasia, also known as metatropic dwarfism is a very rare disease in humans that is
often deadly and identifiable after birth or into the infant stages of a baby. It has been discussed that
MTD is in part caused by mutations in the TRVP4 gene. This is located at 12q24.1 which is the long
(q) arm of chromosome 12 at position 24.1, base pairs 109,784,087 to 109,833,407. There have been
approximately 81 cases reported so far with odds of 1/1,000,000. A few cases have been severe to
the point of endangering the mother's life. This type of dwarfism affects the human skeleton in such
a way that affects normal growth. Body proportions are abnormal, and a child will have unusual
features such as shorter limbs, a narrow chest, and bones that have not developed correctly. Several
facial deformities ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Metatropic dysplasia is inherited and can be passed down, meaning that is its autosomal dominant.
It is also possible that there will be reoccurrences between siblings, though it is variable over time.
Testing of the TRPV4 gene is available through CTGT and other corporations that specialize in
genetic sequencing. Prenatal ultrasound scans will show narrow spinal canals and shortening of long
bones and the supporting structure. Treatment of metatropic dysplasia after birth is possible but its
effectiveness varies from each case and it is often an aggressive and labor intensive path to follow.
Doctors' main goals for patients with MTD are to establish satisfactory respiratory and pulmonary
functions as well as reducing the amount of skeletal deformity. This may require several surgeries
that have their own risks and outpatient treatment plan. If doctors can keep patients with MTD alive
for longer periods of time, they will be able to determine which methods of treatment are the most
effective. Since this is a genetic mutation, each case will require their oun unique set of tests, since
there may be more than one contributing

Albright Syndrome, Carney Complex And Multiple Endocrine...
Introduction
Biology mainly concentrates on the study of life and any other factors that affect it positively or
negatively. The study of biology is further sub–divided into sections and the most important being
genetics that studies the genetically composition and effects to human life. For instance, gigantism
which is an abnormal growth caused by the excess hormone growth at childhood before the bone
plates closes. Though gigantism is rare, it is caused due to some factors among them; Noncancerous
tumor of the pituitary gland, Neurofibromatosis, McCune–Albright Syndrome (MAS), Carney
complex and Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1(MEN–1). This abnormal growth occurs mainly
before the closure of the bone growth plate. In any case the ... Show more content on
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How growth hormone regulate various body functions in adults. The growth hormones mainly
regulate the body functions via feedback loops. The process is a two way mode of communication
whereby the target organ releases molecules that regulate the endocrine. The feedback loops are
mainly concerned with the maintenance of the hormonal concentration within range. Endocrine
disorder can be classified based on the underproduction or excess production of the hormone
(Medical Discoveries, 2011). The growth hormone is mainly produced from the brain and it
stimulates insulin–like factor (IGF–1). It also mediates the actions of HGH which regulates variety
of biological activities including cellular division, development of the body, overall growth and
metabolism. It also plays an important role in body composition, bone and muscle strength. The
growth hormones play an important role in adults because growth factors have an important role in
longevity determination and aging. The growth hormone reverses some of the first signs and
symptoms seen in aging and affects the hair color, brain cells and cellulite. The growth hormone
decreases as age increases but HGH, HGH releasing hormone and IGF–1 are responsible for the
strengthening of muscles and bones and prevention of frailty among older people. However, the
hormones affecting the important body processes

Symptoms And Treatment Of Asthma
Asthma– Is a condition in which a person airway become inflamed , narrow and swell, it also
produce extra mucus, which make it difficult to breathe. Asthma can be minor or it can interfere
with daily activities. In some cases, it may lead to a life–threatening attack. Organs involved:
Airway
Lungs ,and also blood stream
Causes: Airway blocks oxygen which prevents oxygen from interring lung. Treatment:
Mange by inhaler
Dry powered inhaler –Diskus, Ellipta, Flex haler, and twist haler
Steroids – serevant, Atimos, oxis,
Prevention: Follow written asthma plan, use medicine doctors prescribe.
Pneumonia– Infection that inflames air sacs in one or both lungs, which may fill with fluid. The
infection can be life–threatening to infants, children, and people over 65. Organs involved:
Lungs (infection in lungs)
Causes: Bacteria is the most common cause in Pneumonia streptococcus in the USA .bacteria like
organism virus, cause colds, flu, and fungi. Also referred to as alveoli. The alveoli fill with fluid or
pus, making it difficult to breathe.
HIV/AIDS– The virus can be transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or vaginal
fluids. Within a few weeks of HIV infection, flu–like symptoms such as fever, sore throat, and
fatigue can occur. Then the disease is usually asymptomatic until it progresses to AIDS. AIDS
symptoms include weight loss, fever or night sweats, fatigue, and recurrent infections. No cure
exists for AIDS, but strict adherence to

Genetic Engineering Is Responsible And Manipulating The...
A couple, a man and a woman, sit in front of a screen. The woman said, "Let's choose brown hair
and grey eyes for him." "Oh! He needs to be tall and smart," replied the man. What the couple is
doing is designing their future baby. It might sound crazy to be able to engineer one's children
genetically, but technological advancements in the medical and scientific fields have allowed this as
a possible option for potential parents. Genetic engineering is controlling and manipulating the
genes of an organism. Genetic engineering is usually used to improve the organism's functions;
these organisms are known as genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Genetic engineering is
commonly used for the food industry. One benefit that results from genetically modified foods is the
lowered prices for the products. However, there can be hazardous side effects such as the creation of
new toxins (Goldbas, 2014, p. 22). Likewise, mutations in the DNA can occur from genetically
engineering a baby. In spite of the threatening effects to the baby's health from genetic engineer, I
believe giving people to the option to design their "perfect" babies allows for the genetic tree of
infertile parents to continue; however, I believe the range of genes that future parents can select for
their fetus has to be restricted to the genes the parents already carried in their DNA. Before the
concept of designing one's "perfect" baby can be grasp, one must understand the events in science
building up to the

Themes Of The Tin Drum
The film "The Tin Drum" is a German movie made in 1959 based off of the novel written by Gunter
Grass. This story begins with the birth of a interesting boy named Oskar Matzerath who turns out to
be born with full intellect and knowledge of the world around him. With this self–understanding, he
decides on his third birthday, after getting a toy tin drum, that he will fall down the stairs to the
cellar in order to make himself never grow again. After this fall that is exactly what happens and
through the film thereafter you see him as a three–year child always playing or carrying his toy
drum in order to deal with the traumatic events of his life. When analyzing this film the key
recurring theme is the deaths of Oskar's loved ones which affect him as a person and his decisions to
cope.
The first of these is the death of Oskar's mother who tragically dies in Oskars teen years. Her death,
either mentally or physically, seemed to be evident after the scene which displays her complete
disgust in purchasing the eels. You do not get a clear answer for why she decides to only eat raw fish
and why this may be the very cause of her death, but the audience can make a possible inference
that she was also feeling very overwhelmed in her life. The stresses of keeping her second lover, Jan
and looming threat that Nazism being faced against some of her loved ones was too much for her to
handle. Although a greater cause for her stress was that she was now pregnant, as was hinted in the

How Did The Dwarf Rune Fight
The Dwarf Rune–King's cry of victory was cut short, literally; threw back his head and began to
shout a cry of Victory! But his cry of pride turned into a scream of horror; a spear had pierced
through his throat, blood gushed forth from the wound. On the king's shoulder was... It was a great
goblin, he let loose that awful high–pitched screech! With a start; the observing artillery–dwarf
realized that this was the same goblin that the champion of the dwarfs dueled for the mountain, he
had that same wild, and savage look in his eyes, the blisters fresh from being burned, but he died
during the duel... . . . The silence before the battle was overwhelming, our enmity towards the
goblins was the almost uncontrollable, when the goblin warlord, sent a goblin messenger who called
a duel for the mountain, our champion was somewhat reticent to accept the invitation to duel, I
talked with him. As I entered his tent, the king exited, I saw the champion: My brother–in–law,
Mortis. I embraced him like I would one of my brothers. "I won't do it, Brother." he said, I looked at
him like I understood; which I didn't. "You know how the goblins are..." "No!" I said "I have fought
many things in my twenty years of service to the king." "Then you will learn." my blood brother
replied bitterly." "I believe that you should do it... The duel." I said. My brother laughed without
humor "goblins are pitiful foes, but I pity them not, they use every tactic to survive. For them, it is
the survive of the sneakiest, treacherous, most backstaming goblins ever created!" I started to reply
but was interrupted by my brother. "It is easy for you to say, ... Show more content on
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I thought, as I donned my chain mail. Then I put on my gift from the King; an arrow/bullet proof
vest... Supposedly. I reached for my double barrelled black powder rifle, I grabbed my hammer and
wrench, and donned my battlepack(the latest model). And marched toward the area where the duel
would take

Dysplasia Research Paper
Most parents are happy to deliver a healthy baby without any health complications, so to hear that
your child was born with a congenital disease has to be hard to handle. In many cases, a child can
live an enjoyable life with a congenital disease, such as dwarfism. There are many types of
dwarfism beginning with the most common types to the rarest with Achondroplasia,
Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia, and Diastrophic Dysplasia. To begin with, Achondroplasia is a
disorder of bone growth (Learning About Achondroplasia, n.d.) and is the most common type of
dwarfism. The term in itself literally means "without cartilage formation" (Achondroplasia, n.d.).
This type of dwarfism occurs in one in 15,000 to one in 40,000 live births due to a gene mutation ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They may also display some signs of hip dysplasia which is the crookedness or misalignment of the
hip joints or cauliflower ear which is a deformation in the cartilage in the ear. Diastrophic Dysplasia
may also lead to deformities of the hands such as brachydactyly, the shortening of a finger or
fingers, or hitchhiker's thumb. To help with these signs or symptoms the child may need to see an
otolaryngologist or plastic surgeon, a geneticist, an orthopedist, a pulmonologist (a specialist to help
with respiration problems), a physical therapist, or a nutritionists. Other actions that may be taken to
help with some signs or symptoms of diastrophic dysplasia are surgery, bracing, and careful
monitoring. In the end, dwarfism is a condition that affects thousands of people around the world
and still enables people to live happily even through some problems. Although most people get
upset when their child is born with a congenital disease, it is possible to live with a relatively normal
life. Achondroplasia, Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia, and Diastrophic Dysplasia are tough to live
with but with the right mindset anybody can conquer it and be happy with

The Causes of Psychogenic Dwarfism Essay
I Won't Grow Up: The Causes of Psychogenic Dwarfism
"All children, except one, grow up. They soon know that they will grow up, and the way Wendy
knew was this. One day when she was two years old she was playing in a garden, and she plucked
another flower and ran with it to her mother. I suppose she must have looked rather delightful, for
Mrs. Darling put her hand to her heart and cried, "Oh, why can't you remain like this for ever!" This
was all that passed between them on the subject, but henceforth Wendy knew that she must grow up.
You always know after you are two. Two is the beginning of the end."–J.M. Barrie, Peter Pan (1)
Introduction
Wendy's assessment of the situation is correct–all children must grow up. Or do they? Most ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The mother, extremely distressed about her loss, never recovers and subsequently ignores her other,
six–year old son. Upon entering the room to see his mother, the boy is met with "David, is that you?
Could it be you?" and when she realizes that it is her other son, exclaims "Oh, it's only you." When
the mother does speak to her son, it is only to say that at least David died as a perfect boy who
would always need his mother. As a result of extreme neglect, (the father did not interact with the
children) and perhaps psychological abuse, this son stops growing and never reaches puberty. As an
adult he is 4'10". The surprising end to this story is that this "man" "grew up" to be the author of the
beloved story–Peter Pan, J.M. Barrie, who was forever writing about boys who did not grow up (2).
Definition
Psychogenic dwarfism is a growth disorder that is observed between the ages of 2 and 15, caused by
extreme emotional deprivation. The symptoms include decreased growth hormone (GH) secretion,
very short stature, weight that is inappropriate for the height, and immature skeletal age. This
disease is a progressive one, and as long as the child is left in the stressing environment, his or her
cognitive and linear abilities continue to degenerate (3).
The Biology of Psychogenic Dwarfism
One of the major underlying commonalities among these children is the extremely low level of
growth hormone. In a normal person, these growth

Achondroplasia Case Summary
According to the case Dwarfism: When Is a Fetus Normal? Achondroplasia is a bone growth
disorder that causes disproportionate dwarfism in which cartilage is not properly converted into
bone. Dwarfism is a condition of short stature as an adult. People with achondroplasia are short in
stature in the legs and arms, with a normal sized torso and the head is enlarged. Charles and Amanda
Harrelson requested a genetic test and elective abortion. Amanda is pregnant for the first time and is
three months into an apparently normal pregnancy. However, she and her husband were both
achondroplastic dwarfs and had requested tests for their fetus developing evidence of
achondroplasia.
This results from a mutation in a single gene called fibroblast growth factor 3. It occurs in every
15,000 to 40,000 births, but if both parents have the gene, one child in four will inherit two copies,
which results in severe effects, usually stillbirth or death. One child will not inherit any copies and
will not be affected. Two in four will inherit one copy and have dwarfism, the same characteristics
as their parents.
Dr. Elizabeth Whistler the obstetrician is discussing the diagnostic procedure and is helping them
understand their options. If the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my opinion, I do not believe that the doctors are doing anything morally wrong if the parents are
willing to abort this child, it is their decision to do whatever they decide to do as long as the doctors
are fully disclosing all information to the patients truthfully. This would also fall under the principle
of autonomy. Autonomy involves self–governance, self–determination and the idea that rational
agents should be able to make decisions about their own lives. This principle should be valued due
to the understanding and beliefs of Mr. and Mrs.

Humans Were Affected By Island Dwarfism ( Morwood )
Many people, before the discovery of Homo floresiensis, assumed Homo sapiens were the only
living species of the genus homo since Homo erectus. The 2003 discovery of "the hobbit" in a
limestone cave in Flores, Indonesia changed the way people today view much of the timeline of
early human evolution. The island of Flores was assumed to have never been connected to any
mainland, bringing to question how this species arrived on the island in the first place as well as
what the island looked like at the time. There were several physical characteristics such as leg length
and brain size that made the discovery of Homo floresiensis so special. The bones found were dated
to 18,000 years ago, astoundingly recently (Brown). To this day, it is unclear how this species
evolved to be so small. Scientists had developed several different theories but have frequently come
to the conclusion that these humans were affected by island dwarfism (Morwood). The environment
in which Homo floresiensis lived, their physical structure and the recency of their existence holds
many mysteries around why they were so small and what impact the above factors had on the
hobbit's overall size. The discovery of Homo floresiensis occurred of the coast of Indonesia on one
of the Wallecean Islands called Flores. The dig site which Homo floresiensis was discovered is
called Liang Bua or "cool cave". Father Theodore Verhoeven was the first to report and publish that
stone tools were found in central Flores at

Personal Narrative : My Life Was Perfect
My life was perfect. Every morning I woke up and my clothes were at the foot of my bed, my
breakfast was on my table, and my servants were waiting to fill my bath. I had no reason to be
unhappy, but I was.
Everything was boring. There was nothing new to see, as if the world was devoid of anything
original. The women, ladies and peasants alike, weren't anything to look at, each the same with
brown hair, blue eyes, and pale skin. I went out into my kingdom and the people were all the same,
selling the same things, at the same time, to the same people.
My father constantly told me of a young girl he had met years ago to cheer me up. A friend's
daughter, the prettiest female to have ever lived according to him. When I was six, she had ... Show
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I was reluctant to eat our packed provisions, knowing that it would be admitting defeat. At the
eighteenth hour, as the sun began to set, we were hoping for anything, a rabbit would do, a small
deer would be great. We knew however that nothing would appear as the sun finally settled below
the horizon.
It was too dark to safely set up camp, and all of the wood my men found was damp. I left on my
own to see if there was a dry patch further away when I stumbled on a house. I knocked on the door,
intending to ask if I could stay, until I looked up. There I saw at least ten small animals perched on
the windowsill, rabbits and blue birds being the most prominent. I didn't notice the door being
opened, and when I did I saw no one. Upon further inspection, I realised there was someone there,
except he was only three feet tall. I am not a tall man, but let me say this, this dwarf made me feel
like a giant.
"May I help you with anything, sir?" The dwarf had a large beard and wore a green hat, with glasses
perched on the end of his nose. I heard a loud noise from inside the house and couldn't help but peek
over him to look. I saw four other dwarfs fighting for the attention of the one who had just opened
the door. A fifth was resting on a chair, asleep.
Bringing myself back to the conversation, I nodded my head. "If you would be so kind, sir, I've
come to ask if you would give me and three others shelter for the

The Ethics Of DNA Testing And Ethical Dilemmas
As time goes on civilizations find innovations to make living a little bit easier. However, new
frontiers often bring struggles. In Flackelmann's articles on " The Ethics of DNA Testing" four
situations are given and later followed by a comprehensive analysis by both the public and by
experts in ethics, law, genetics and any other various fields that correlate with the cases' scenarios.
The first scenario (titled " A Case of Dwarfism") describes the story of a couple who are carrying
the gene for achondroplasia, meaning they both are dwarfs. The counselor tells the parents that
through genetic testing they can find out whether or not the child will have dwarfism as well. The
couple has made 3 decisions; the first being that if the child has ... Show more content on
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I think in an advancing society it is necessary but, with limitations. A person has a right to know
about their future children and is entitled to avoid anything they may consider to be too troubling to
handle; however, patients should be made aware that the results may be negative or defamatory. But,
access to this kind of information requires a serious amount of sensitivity and the person handling it
should be aware of this and understand that the only ethics that have entitlement in this situation are
the subjects' . I think it's all very delicate and subjective. There should be many considerations when
having a child or dealing with one's genetics but, the most important one is quality of life. As long
as the ethics support that they are not only beneficial but,

Different Types Of Disorders And Diseases Caused By A...
There are many types of disorders and diseases caused by a mutation in the human genome, a
fundamental building block of DNA. Achondroplasia has been classified for a long period of time,
but it was only around twenty years ago that the cause was discovered. This disorder happens to be
caused by a simple change of base in an autosomal chromosome. This is commonly a transitional
mutation that causes a simple change in protein structure. Most of the individuals with
Achondroplasia have similar mutations at a common nucleotide. Achondroplasia is a classification
of dwarfism, which is a genetic disorder that causes a mutation on an autosomal chromosome with a
change in a single nucleotide.
Achondroplasia is a common form of dwarfism that is noticed by a short stature, lowered muscle
tone, reduced extension of arm joints, shorter than normal hands and mid face hypoplasia (HUNG,
C., et.al.2008). The first classification of Achondroplasia was by Dr. Jurgen Spranger, then in 1994
the gene that was found responsible was mapped by Dr. John Wasmuth and thus found to be located
on chromosome four; that being said this fact makes the mutation autosomal (Vajo.z, et.al 2000).
Achondroplasia, a heredity form of dwarfism, that affects every 1 in 15,000– 40,000 live births with
most newborns showing the common characteristics of the disorder (LIU, J, et.al.2015). The
mutation effects a gene in the fibroblast growth receptor number three (FGFR3) (Varo's, et.al
2000).Many conditions are

Development Frameworks : Development And Development...
The human body is an extraordinary life form of life. It is loaded with eleven distinctive control
frameworks that is utilized to direct it. One of the primary framework that is utilized as a part of the
arrangement of the human body is the skeleton framework. This framework controls the route in
which the body develops. This is performed from the diaphysis of the bones once a man quits
developing then the epysisum line will show up. In any case, what happens if the line shows up too
soon and there are development lopsidedness. A development unevenness is caused by the FGFR3
Gene. The FGFR3 quality gives guideline to making a fiber called fibroblast development factor
receptor 3. "These proteins assume a part in a few vital cell forms, including control of cell
development and division (multiplication), assurance of cell sort, arrangement of veins
(angiogenesis), wound recuperating, and incipient organism advancement. The FGFR3 protein
traverses the cell film, with the goal that one end of the protein stays inside the cell and the flip side
ventures from the external surface of the cell. This situating of the protein enables it to collaborate
with particular development factors outside the phone and to get signals that control development
and advancement. At the point when these development factors join to the FGFR3 protein, the
protein is turned on (enacted), which triggers a course of synthetic responses inside the phone that
train the phone to experience certain

Achondroplasia Genetic Disease
Achondroplasia
Achondroplasia can be known as dwarfism which is a genetic disease which shows of a disorder in
height and bone growth . Achondroplasia is a genetic disease is a cause of Dwarfism. It occurs as a
mutation is 80% of cases. It may be inherited autosomal dominant. People with Achondroplasia
have a short stature. Identified by an adult 4"10 or under. Achondroplasia can be announced in an
ultrasound before your born there is a DNA test. The gene mutation that is responsible for
Achondroplasia is FGFR3. It is autosomal passed down from parent if with the abnormal gene. The
parent often may have the disease. It can develop from new mutations in the dominant affected
gene. FGFR3 is a protein called fibroblast growth factor receptor.

Dwarfism
Dwarfism
"Dwarfism is short stature that results from a genetic or medical condition. Dwarfism is generally
defined as an adult height of four feet ten inches or less. The average adult height among people
with dwarfism is four feet."
Dwarfism is generally divided into two broad categories: Disproportionate Dwarfism (DD), some
body parts are small and other larger, and Proportionate Dwarfism (PD), all parts of the body are
smaller than an average person's but are proportionate. Most people with dwarfism have DD which
means they have an average sized trunk and very short limbs, but some people have a very short
trunk and shortened but larger limbs. The head may also be overly large compared to the body.
A person born with PD may ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These little people have delayed or no sexual development during adolescence and a slower growth
rate than expected for age.
Diagnosing a child with dwarfism is based off of height measurements, usually performed at annual
well child exams, but if dwarfism is suspected the doctor may want to measure more often than
yearly. The doctor will watch the physical appearance of a person for skeletal and facial signs, and
most likely take x–rays to check skeletal abnormalities. Other diagnostic tests include genetic
testing, but this may not be necessary, and hormone tests to assess the levels of growth hormones
and of course and extensive family history to see if the average height in a person's family is of
short stature.
Treatment options include surgical procedures that may correct the bones in little people like,
dividing a limb bone, straightening it and inserting metal plates to hold it in place. Another
procedure is inserting rods or staples to help correct the shape of the spine.
Some people decide to undergo limb lengthening surgery. With this procedure, the surgeon divides a
long bone into two or more sections, separates the sections slightly and braces the bone and limb
with external metal "scaffolding." Pins and screws on this frame are periodically adjusted to keep
tension between the sections, enabling the bone

Dwarfism
Dwarfism
Dwarfism is a medical condition that affects roughly one in every ten thousand children born in
America. The Little People of America defines dwarfism as male or female adult to attain a height
of four feet ten inches or shorter. The most common type of dwarfism is Achondroplasia. Dwarfs, or
little people, still live fairly normal lives.
Most dwarfism–related conditions are genetic disorder, but the causes of some are unknown. Most
occurrences result from a random genetic mutation in the mother's egg or the father's sperm rather
than from either parent's complete genetic makeup. Achondroplasia is the most common type of
dwarfism. Infants born with achondroplasia typically have an arched skull to accommodate an
enlarged ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
About half of infants with this type of dwarfism are born with an opening in the roof of the mouth
and also deformed ears.
Living with dwarfism is not only about being tinier than everyone else. People with dwarfism are
limited not only medically by various complications but also by the world around them built for
much larger people. In many every day life situations, dwarfs meet difficulties related to the height
of furniture, service counters, ATMs, store shelves, along with steps in buildings or public transit.
They are more likely to get fatigue from walking long distance, and also tend to get mean looks,
discriminatory attitudes, constant prejudice, and sometimes insults. Through organizations such as
Little People of America, little people are coming together socially and politically to challenge
stereotypes, to educate Americans, and provide support. There are many treatments that can be
given, but most dwarfism treatments don't increase stature they may just correct problems caused by
complications. One way to correct people with dwarfism is surgery. Surgical procedures that may
correct problems in people with dwarfism include correcting the direction in which bones are
growing, correcting the shape of the spine, and increasing the size of the opening in bones of the
spine to relieve pressure on the spinal cord. Another type of treatment is limb lengthening. This
procedure is controversial for many people with dwarfism because there are

Dwarfism
There are many differences between an average height person and a little person. Physical health,
socializing and family all play key roles in exhibiting variances between an average height person
and a little person. People are viewed in many ways in this society, but it is all about how each
person perceives one another. Naturally as human beings "one" tends to judge others loosely, based
on multiple differences. One common misconception about both groups of people is medical issues.
For example, when an average person becomes pregnant they have the choice of giving birth
naturally or having a cesarean performed. On the other hand a little person may only have a
cesarean, because of their body structure. This is one of many ... Show more content on
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When a little person gets out of a car, people seem to be curious to know why there is a car, full of
people of average height getting out and how a little person is driving. Society tends to think a little
person can't drive when in reality they can, it just takes a little more assistance. Having public
interactions, for a short statured person, one can be the first to be recognized in a crowd. An average
person also has attributes that make them recognizable in a crowd. Have you ever heard of dwarf
tossing? It is being recognized in different parts of the United States as a past time. Now the LPA
(Little People of America) is working to ban it altogether. Words can become loosely used in an
average crowd of people, use of the word "Midget" can be shouted or called out. Often is offends a
little person, since it is not the correct terminology. Name calling such as faggot is considered a
derogatory comment in society, why not Midget? An everyday exercise for average height person is
a there employment. A little person can face discrimination in the workforce as they can be noted
they are not fit for the job based on many skills. An average height person would most likely, be
considered for a management position. A little person is faced with many obstacles and may not be
able to perform a management position, as desired by the employer. Jobs can sometimes require

Hominin Migration Report
With knowing that this creature was so clearly not a H. sapiens, it leads us into the bigger question
of how did this hominin become dwarfed when compared to other late Pleistocene hominins. This
brings in the question how we should approach assigning taxonomy. Early on, there was argument
for creating a whole genus to place H. floresiensis because the explanation for their existence was
complicated. (Aiello 2010) H. floresiensis's height and body portion of long arms and short legs
appear to more similar to that of the much older Australopithecines. But as know from our current
understanding of the early hominin migration, Australopithecines have never made it out of Africa.
(Lewin 2004) The island of Flores is a long from Africa, but H. ... Show more content on
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floresiensis have also been found in Liang Bua Cave. (Morwood 2005) If we follow our conclusions
an H. erectus origin, these older tools were likely from early population of H. erectus. In this way,
we can conclude that there was indeed belonged to a population of earlier hominins present before
H. floresiensis. Despite all this evidence for a H. erectus origin, there an issue of the details which
H. erectus population. H. erectus is wide spread species with subspecies. The subject of the H.
floresiensis debate is pinning one of these subspecies as the origin species. In doing this, we hope
create a better understand for H. floresiensis's relation for the other members of the Homo genus.
But if we truly look at the genus of Homo critically, it doesn't take much for us to see that the genus
itself is yet to perfectly defined. It the recent times, there has been a lot of changes to ideas we use
to define a member of the genus Homo. There has been debate on where to change the name of our
H. sapiens. The idea would be to define the current modern day human as a subspecies. For now,
Homo appears to be an umbrella term with species under it that serve as their umbrella terms. This
brings to the question of whether H. floresiensis is subspecies of H. erectus due the fact it displays
similar morphologies. H. floresiensis could easily bear the name Homo erectus floresiensis, but this
is issue of debate. Because of the nature

Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder in which there is a...
Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder in which there is a growth hormone deficiency, or there is a
genetic mutation in either the father's sperm or mother's egg. (mayo clinic, March 20,2014.)
Achondroplasia was the first discovered in ancient Egyptian records. People with achondroplasia
were considered people with supernatural powers. Many people call dwarfs midgets but to them, it
is very disrespectful because midget literally means little person. Some acceptable names that you
can use that will not offend them would be little people, LP, person with short stature, or dwarf.
Even though dwarfs feel as if they do not have disabilities, the Americans with Disabilities Act
(ADA) will protect the rights of dwarfs. (who discovered it? March ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
80% of achondroplasias have normal sized parents, which mean that their parents have the genetic
disorder dormant in their bodies. (News Medical, March 28, 2014.)
There are two broad types of achondroplasia: Proportionate and disproportionate. Disproportionate
achondroplasias have short legs and arms with a long core while proportionate achondroplasias are
just small all over. ( News Medical, March 28, 2014.)
Achondroplasia is the most common form of dwarfism. 1 out of 26,000 to 40,000 babies have
achondroplasia and it is noticeable at birth. People with achnodroplasia are characterized by having
small arms and legs, a small body, and sometimes crowded teeth. A less common form of dwarfism
is Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasias (SED). About 1 in 95,000 babies get this form of dwarfism. They
are usually characterized by a shortened trunk, club feet, and weak hands and feet. The most rare
form of dwarfism is Diastropic Dysplasia. This occurs in about 1 in 100,000 births. People with this
type usually have shortened forearms and calves, deformed hand and feet, limited range in motion,
and a cleft palate. (Webmd, April 8, 2005, March 28, 2014.) To be considered a dwarf, the height of
the person must be 4 feet 11 inches and under.
Even though someone is still a dwarf, they can still haven babies. Since their pelvis is so much
smaller than a regular sized person, they usually are required to

Technology Panacea For Cancer
Although there is not a cure for cancer, but cancer research treatment and early detection has been
greatly improved by technology over the year. Improving health care and decreasing cancer related
death. Technology has enabled researchers to understand cancer in ways never before, allowing
more innovative treatment with less side effects and even ways to help cope with the side effects.
Also, letting researchers create treatments that are more effective and personalize against the many
types of cancer out there. More importantly, technology has improved cancer screening and
detection at an early stage, which help increase people's survivability. In addition, relieving people
of their pain and suffering if the cancer is diagnosed at a later stage. ... Show more content on
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However, it is not guaranteed that in that amount of time there will be findings, but technology can
surely improve the process of finding the panacea for cancer. Even though there isn't a real cure for
cancer, there is a possible cure to cancer in the future. A community of dwarfs living in a remote
corner of Ecuador could hold the key to curing cancer, according to scientists. The Laron dwarfs,
who are in perfect proportion but grow only to an average height of 4ft, appear to be immune to all
forms of the disease and are long–lived. Now scientists studying a hormone present in other humans
but which is lacking in the dwarfs believe their findings could lead to the development of an

Pituitary Dwarfism Research Paper

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