Michael Lodge gave a speech on the current discussion about deep sea mining. His presentation was the main event on a meeting with 50 representatives from industry, science and press in the Business Club Hamburg, organized by the Sea & Sun Technology and the Deepsea Mining Alliance.

1. New
developments in
deep seabed
mining
Hamburg
Business Club
25 September
2018

2. The views expressed in this presentation do not
necessarily reflect the views of the International Seabed
Authority or any of its member States
Presentation of 25 September 2018 by
Michael Lodge, Secretary-General,
International Seabed Authority

3. New developments in deep seabed mining
Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
It’s difficult!
• Technology not proven
• Extreme depth
• Remote
• Very costly
• Environmental challenges
• No agreement on financial
terms
• Currently exploration only
Image ⒸGSR. Used by permission.

4. New developments in deep seabed mining
Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018

5. New developments in deep seabed mining
Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
Source: Greenpeace

6. New developments in deep seabed mining
Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
Pioneer investor regime
1983-2000
1982 1994 2010 20182000 2016
2000: PMN
Regulations adopted
LOSC
ISA
Entry into force
2010-2012: PMS and
CRC Regulations
adopted
(2018)
29 Exploration
Contracts
Five-year contract
extensions granted
States and State Enterprises
Private sectorStates Parties to LOSC
168
ISA Timeline
(2011)
ITLOS Advisory Opinion.
First private sector contracts
(2001)
Contracts issued to
pioneer investors

7. New developments in deep seabed mining
Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
Russia
Ifremer
(France)
Poland
CPRM (Brazil)
BGR (Germany)
India
COMRA (China)
Korea
Russia
JOGMEC
(Japan)
COMRA (China)
Clarion-Clipperton Zone
Base map
Bathymetric Data: GEBCO
Map Image: NOAA
EEZ Boundaries: VLIZ
Platform: ArcGIS

8. New developments in deep seabed mining
Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
Clarion-Clipperton Zone
Contractors and Sponsoring States

9. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
Reserves + Technology + Regulation = Investment
“Nodules in the Pacific Ocean
have more Mn, Ni, Mo and Co
than the entire global terrestrial
reserve base for those metals.”
[Hein et al., 2012]
Image ⒸDeepGreen. Used by permission.

10. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
Image ⒸJOGMEC. Used by permission.

11. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
Image ⒸGSR. Used by permission.

12. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
Image ⒸDeepGreen. Used by permission.

13. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
• August 2017: LTC considers draft regulations
• March 2018: LTC issues consultation paper on
financial terms and complete draft regulations
• March 2018: MIT provides financial model to Council
• July 2018: LTC issues revised draft regulations for
Council (ISBA/24/LTC/WP.1/Rev.1)
• September 2018: Regulations open for written
comment.
• March 2019: LTC to review draft Regulations in light
of comments by Council and stakeholders
• July 2019: Progress and status report by Council
• July 2020: Council adopts regulations. Assembly
approves regulations.
• 2020+ Continued development of standards and
guidelines.
Reference: ISBA/24/C/8

14. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining

15. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
Russia
Ifremer
(France)
Poland
CPRM (Brazil)
BGR
(Germany)
India
COMRA
(China)
Korea
Russia
JOGMEC
(Japan)
COMRA
(China)
Clarion-Clipperton Zone
Base map
Bathymetric Data: GEBCO
Map Image: NOAA
EEZ Boundaries: VLIZ
Platform: ArcGIS
Contracts in the Area = 1,065,000 km2
Licences in EEZs = 843,350 km2
0.5% of
Global Ocean
Source: GEOMAR
New developments in deep seabed mining

16. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining

17. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining

18. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining

19. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining

20. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
Advantages
• No fixed infrastructure
• Lower CO2 emissions
• Reduced waste
• Lower energy consumption
• Less human impact
• Smaller environmental
footprint
• Equitable sharing of benefits
Image ⒸGSR. Used by permission.

21. Presentation to Hamburg Business Club, 25 September 2018
New developments in deep seabed mining
“Mineral resourcing and climate change are inextricably
linked, not only because mining requires a large amount of
energy, but also because the world cannot tackle climate
change without adequate supply of raw materials to
manufacture clean technologies.” [World Bank, 2017]
Image ⒸGSR. Used by permission.