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Ancient israel
- 2. HHiissttoorriiccaall OOvveerrvviieeww ► AAnncciieenntt IIssrraaeell iiss tthhee bbiirrtthhppllaaccee ooff tthhee 33 ggrreeaatt mmoonnootthheeiissttiicc rreelliiggiioonnss ooff tthhee wwoorrlldd:: JJuuddaaiissmm,, CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy aanndd IIssllaamm ► AAnncciieenntt IIssrraaeell ddaatteess bbaacckk aapppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy 44000000 yyeeaarrss ttoo tthhee bbooookkss ooff tthhee OOlldd TTeessttaammeenntt ► GGrreeaatt ppaattrriiaarrcchhss ooff JJuuddaaiissmm:: AAbbrraahhaamm,, JJaaccoobb,, MMoosseess,, JJoosshhuuaa ► HHeebbrreewwss,, IIssrraaeelliitteess,, JJeewwss,, SSeemmiitteess:: hhaavvee aallll uunnddeerrggoonnee ppeerrsseeccuuttiioonn tthhrroouugghhoouutt hhiissttoorryy;; ffrroomm BBaabbyylloonniiaann CCaappttiivviittyy,, EExxoodduuss,, DDiiaassppoorraa,, SSppaanniisshh IInnqquuiissiittiioonn,, HHoollooccaauusstt
- 3. WWhhaatt iiss iinn aa nnaammee?? ►HHeebbrreeww mmeeaannss ““FFrroomm aaccrroossss””-- nnaammee ggiivveenn ttoo AAbbrraahhaamm aanndd hhiiss ffoolllloowweerrss ►IIssrraaeelliitteess:: AAbbrraahhaamm’’ss ggrraannddssoonn JJaaccoobb rreennaammeedd IIssrraaeell wwhhiicchh mmeeaannss ““hhee wwhhoo hhaass wwrreessttlleedd wwiitthh GGoodd””.. HHiiss ddeesscceennddaannttss wweerree ccaalllleedd ““IIssrraaeelliitteess”” ►JJeewwss:: nnaammeedd aafftteerr JJaaccoobb’’ss ssoonn JJuuddaahh,, aanncciieenntt ffaatthheerr ooff ttrriibbee ooff KKiinngg DDaavviidd’’ss ddyynnaassttyy
- 4. Tracing Roots ooff IIssrraaeell’’ss HHiissttoorryy ► NNoommaaddiicc ttrriibbeess wwaannddeerreedd iinnttoo PPaalleessttiinnee ffrroomm eeaasstt iinn aapppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy 11990000 BBCCEE ► MMeessooppoottaammiiaann ssoocciieettyy ddoommiinnaatteedd bbyy ppoollyytthheeiissmm ► GGoodd ((YYaahhwweehh)) aappppeeaarreedd bbeeffoorree PPaattrriiaarrcchh AAbbrraahhaamm aanndd ttoolldd AAbbrraahhaamm ““ttoo ggoo aanndd rraaiissee aa ggrreeaatt nnaattiioonn”” ► TThhiiss bbeeggaann tthhee mmoonnootthheeiissttiicc ttrraaddiittiioonn ooff tthhee HHeebbrreeww ffaaiitthh wwiitthh tthhee eessttaabblliisshhmmeenntt ooff tthhee ““CCoovveennaanntt””,, ““CChhoosseenn PPeeooppllee”” aanndd ““PPrroommiisseedd LLaanndd”” ► AAbbrraahhaamm sseettttlleedd iinn CCaannaaaann ► SSttoorryy:: SSaaccrriiffiiccee ooff AAbbrraahhaamm
- 6. Jacob (ggrraannddssoonn ooff AAbbrraahhaamm)) ► AAbbrraahhaamm’’ss ggrraannddssoonn JJaaccoobb ttooookk nnaammee ““IIssrraaeell”” wwhhiicchh mmeeaannss ““GGoodd rruulleedd”” aanndd oorrggaanniizzeedd IIssrraaeelliitteess iinnttoo 1122 ttrriibbeess ► SSoommee ttrriibbeess sseettttlleedd iinn EEggyypptt ((dduuee ttoo ddrroouugghhtt aanndd ffaammiinnee)) aanndd wwhheerree ssuubbjjeecctteedd ttoo PPhhaarraaoohh rruullee aanndd ssllaavveerryy
- 7. MMoosseess ►AAnn iilllluussttrraatteedd ssttoorryy ooff MMoosseess
- 8. MMoosseess && EExxoodduuss:: ““LLeett MMyy PPeeooppllee GGoo!!”” ► MMoosseess rreecceeiivveedd rreevveellaattiioonnss ffrroomm GGoodd:: bbuurrnniinngg bbuusshh,, rroodd / ssttaaffff,, 110 ppllaagguueess,, ppaarrttiinngg ooff tthhee RReedd SSeeaa ► EEnndd ooff 1133tthh cceennttuurryy BBCCEE-- MMoosseess lleedd tthhee IIssrraaeelliitteess oouutt ooff bboonnddaaggee iinn EEggyypptt dduurriinngg RRaammsseess IIII rreeiiggnn ((ccaalllleedd tthhee EEXXOODDUUSS)) ► MMoosseess lleedd tthhee 1122 TTrriibbeess ooff IIssrraaeell ttoo MMoouunntt SSiinnaaii wwhheerree YYaahhwweehh ggaavvee hhiimm tthhee 110 CCoommmmaannddmmeennttss,, uunniittiinngg tthhee HHeebbrreewwss uunnddeerr oonnee GGoodd ► MMoosseess aanndd HHeebbrreewwss sseeaarrcchheedd ffoorr tthhee ““PPrroommiisseedd LLaanndd”” oorr tthhee llaanndd ooff mmiillkk aanndd hhoonneeyy,, hhoowweevveerr tthheeyy wwaannddeerreedd iinn tthhee ddeesseerrtt ffoorr 440 yyeeaarrss
- 11. KKiinnggss ooff IIssrraaeell ► 11223300 BBCCEE,, IIssrraaeelliitteess gguuiiddeedd bbyy JJoosshhuuaa,, iinnvvaaddeedd CCaannaaaann ((PPrroommiisseedd LLaanndd)) ► 11002200 BBCCEE:: ffiirrsstt kkiinngg ooff IIssrraaeelliitteess wwaass SSaauull,, tthheenn DDaavviidd,, tthheenn SSoolloommoonn ► UUnnddeerr KKiinngg DDaavviidd tthhee IIssrraaeelliitteess ccaappttuurreedd cciittyy ooff JJeerruussaalleemm ► KKiinngg SSoolloommoonn bbuuiilltt tthhee TTeemmppllee ooff JJeerruussaalleemm,, ttoo hhoouussee tthhee AArrcc ooff tthhee CCoovveennaanntt ((ssaaccrreedd bbooxx ttoo hhoolldd TToorraahh)) ► SSoolloommoonn’’ss TTeemmppllee wwaass ddeessttrrooyyeedd dduurriinngg BBaabbyylloonniiaann iinnvvaassiioonn,, rreebbuuiilltt iinn 66tthh cceennttuurryy BBCCEE,, aanndd ddeessttrrooyyeedd aaggaaiinn iinn 7700 CCEE bbyy tthhee RRoommaannss ► OOnnllyy rreemmaaiinniinngg ppaarrtt ooff SSoolloommoonn’’ss TTeemmppllee iiss tthhee WWeesstteerrnn WWaallll
- 12. Lost TTrriibbeess ooff IIssrraaeell ► AAfftteerr tthhee ddeeaatthh ooff SSoolloommoonn,, KKiinnggddoomm ooff IIssrraaeell sspplliitt iinnttoo ttwwoo ((nnoorrtthh== IIssrraaeell;; ssoouutthh== JJuuddaahh)) ► IIssrraaeell wwaass ccoonnqquueerreedd bbyy AAssssyyrriiaannss iinn 772222 BBCCEE aanndd tthhee ssccaatttteerreedd ppeeooppllee wweerree kknnoowwnn aass tthhee ‘‘LLoosstt TTrriibbeess ooff IIssrraaeell’’ ► JJuuddaahh wwaass eevveennttuuaallllyy ddeessttrrooyyeedd bbyy BBaabbyylloonn iinn 558866 BBCCEE aanndd iinnhhaabbiittaannttss wweerree hheelldd iinn ccaappttiivviittyy ((ccaalllleedd tthhee EExxiillee oorr BBaabbyylloonniiaann CCaappttiivviittyy)) ► EEmmeerrggeennccee ooff ssyynnaaggoogguueess aanndd rraabbbbiiss dduurriinngg EExxiillee ► RReelleeaasseedd bbyy PPeerrssiiaannss iinn 553388 BBCCEE aanndd rreettuurrnneedd ttoo JJeerruussaalleemm ttoo rreebbuuiilldd tteemmppllee
- 13. DDiiaassppoorraa ► DDiiaassppoorraa iiss aa GGrreeeekk wwoorrdd mmeeaanniinngg ““ssoowwiinngg ooff sseeeedd”” oorr ““ddiissppeerrssaall”” wwhhiicchh rreeffeerrss ttoo JJeewwiisshh ppooppuullaattiioonn lliivviinngg oouuttssiiddee ooff IIssrraaeell ► IInn 333322 BBCCEE,, JJeewwiisshh ppeeooppllee iinn tthhee MMiiddddllee EEaasstt ffeellll uunnddeerr HHeelllleenniizzaattiioonn ((GGrreeeekk ccuullttuurree)) aass AAlleexxaannddeerr tthhee GGrreeaatt ccoonnqquueerreedd PPeerrssiiaa,, EEggyypptt aanndd IInnddiiaa ► IInn 116644 BBCCEE,, aa ggrroouupp ooff JJeewwss ccaalllleedd tthhee MMaaccccaabbeeeess rreevvoolltteedd aaggaaiinnsstt GGrreeeekk rruullee,, ttooookk ccoonnttrrooll ooff JJeerruussaalleemm aanndd rree--ddeeddiiccaatteedd tthhee TTeemmppllee ttoo GGoodd ((SSttoorryy ooff HHaannuukkkkaahh)) ► IInn 6644 BBCCEE,, JJeerruussaalleemm ffeellll ttoo RRoommaannss aanndd tthhee KKiinnggddoomm ooff JJuuddaahh bbeeccaammee oonnee ooff tthhee pprroovviinncceess ooff tthhee RRoommaann EEmmppiirree ((JJuuddeeaa)).. TThhee ppeeooppllee lliivviinngg tthheerree wweerree ccaalllleedd JJuuddeeaannss,, aanndd iitt iiss ffrroomm tthhiiss wwoorrdd tthhaatt wwee ggeett tthhee wwoorrdd JJeeww.. ► IInn 6666 CCEE ((AADD)),, tthhee ppeeooppllee ooff JJuuddeeaa rreevvoolltteedd aaggaaiinnsstt RRoommee.. TThhiiss uupprriissiinngg wwaass ccrruusshheedd aanndd tthhee tteemmppllee wwaass ddeessttrrooyyeedd ffoorr aa sseeccoonndd ttiimmee iinn 7700 CCEE.. ► AAfftteerr 7700 CCEE,, ddeessppiittee tthhee ddiissppeerrssiioonn ooff JJeewwiisshh ppeeooppllee tthhrroouugghhoouutt EEuurrooppee,, JJeewwiisshh ccuullttuurree aanndd rreelliiggiioouuss bbeelliieeffss hhaavvee bbeeeenn bbyy ffaarr tthhee mmoosstt iinnfflluueennttiiaall ooff aallll tthhee aanncciieenntt ccuullttuurreess ooff tthhee NNeeaarr EEaasstt..
- 14. Impact ooff AAnncciieenntt IIssrraaeell ► CCoovveennaanntt == ffoorrmmaall aaggrreeeemmeenntt bbeettwweeeenn HHeebbrreewwss aanndd GGoodd ((YYaahhwweehh)); HHeebbrreewwss wwoorrsshhiippppeedd GGoodd aanndd oonnllyy GGoodd,, aanndd iinn rreettuurrnn,, tthheeyy wwoouulldd bbee GGoodd’’ss CChhoosseenn PPeeooppllee aanndd ggiivveenn CCaannaaaann aass tthhee PPrroommiisseedd LLaanndd ► SSppiirriittuuaall iiddeeaass pprrooffoouunnddllyy iinnfflluueenncceedd WWeesstteerrnn ccuullttuurree,, mmoorraalliittyy,, eetthhiiccss aanndd ccoonndduucctt ► TThhrreeee ooff tthhee wwoorrlldd’’ss mmoosstt ddoommiinnaanntt rreelliiggiioonnss:: JJuuddaaiissmm,, CChhrriissttiiaanniittyy aanndd IIssllaamm aallll ddeerriivvee tthheeiirr rroooottss ffrroomm tthhee ssppiirriittuuaall bbeelliieeffss ooff tthhee AAnncciieenntt IIssrraaeelliitteess
- 15. LLiinnkkss ►JJuuddaaiissmm RReelliiggiioonn aanndd EEtthhiiccss ►AAnncciieenntt HHiissttoorryy SSoouurrcceebbooookk-- IIssrraaeell ►AAnncciieenntt IIssrraaeell
Editor's Notes
- The Story of MosesJews, Christians, and Muslims, all revere Moses as a great prophet. He is considered the greatest prophet in Judaism and he is “ the most frequently cited individual in the Qu’ran. (Ishmael Instructs Isaac, pg.132). Although there are some differences, the basic Story of Moses and his role in the Exodus of the Israelites from Egypt is very similar in the Torah, The Bible and The Qu’ran. In all three books, we watch the maturation of a man as he develops the qualities and leadership skills to bring together a group of squabbling individuals into a nation of united people with a common goal. This king saw how the Hebrew children were increasing in number, and he was afraid that some day there would be more Hebrews than Egyptians. So what do you suppose he did? Why, he made slaves of all the Hebrews and put cruel masters over them to make them work very, very hard. Perhaps he thought this would cause them to die young, and that soon there wouldn't be nearly as many Hebrews. But God was with the Hebrews. He had made wonderful promises to Abraham and to Isaac and to Jacob, and to all of Jacob's sons. These promises belonged to all the Hebrews. They were God's people, and God won't let anybody kill all of his people. Besides, God will bring back to life all the Hebrews who have died, and everybody else, too, for that matter. You see, God always keeps his promises, and no one can really interfere with what God wants done. That's a very important thing to remember. Making slaves of the Hebrews didn't stop. them from increasing in number, so the king of Egypt ordered that all the boy babies of the Hebrews should be killed as soon as they were born. They were to be thrown into the river Nile and drowned. Wasn't that awful? Moses was sent down a river in a basket because Pharoah had ordered all Jewish male children to be drowned in the Nile River. The Torah and The Bible tell us that The Pharaoh’s daughter discovers Moses in his basket. Miriam, Moses’ sister steps out of hiding and asks the Pharaoh’s daughter if she would like a Hebrew woman to nurse the baby. The princess says yes and Miriam calls Moses’ mother. She raises him till his teen years when she brings him to Pharaoh’s daughter, at which time she names him Moses. When Moses was a bit older he comes across an Egyptian beating a Hebrew. Defending his kinsman, Moses strikes and kills the Egyptian. Moses realizes that others know he has killed an Egyptian. When Pharoah learns of the murder, he orders Moses killed. Moses flees to Midian. It is here that Moses rescues the daughter of the local priest of Midian, named Reuel but known as Jethro. Moses marries his daughter, Zipporah who gives birth to a son named Gershom.Many years later Pharaoh dies and the Israelites cried out to God to free them from bondage. Moses, while tending his flock comes across a blazing bush that wondrously is not consumed by the flame. The Lord calls to him and tells him to remove his sandals and Moses, afraid to look at God, hides his face. God calls to Moses telling him to return to Egypt to free the Israelites from bondage. Moses fears that no one will believe him. In The Torah and The Bible God tells him to say that his name is Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh, which means, “I will be what I will be.” He further says the he is “The God of your fathers, of Abraham, of Isaac, and of Jacob.” (Exodus 3:15) Moses expresses doubts and God reassures Moses that he will succeed and that the Israelites will believe God has sent him. God demonstrates to Moses how he will convince the people by turning Moses’ stick into a snake, his skin to leprosy, and promises that if the Israelites still do not believe him that he should take water from the Nile, pour it into the sand and it will turn to blood. Moses continues to protest that he is not deserving because he is slow of speech. God assures him that his brother Aaron will be his mouthpiece. Moses meets his brother Aaron in the dessert and together they return to Egypt. In Egypt Moses shows the signs God gave him and the Israelites believe him. Moses and Aaron approach pharaoh and tell him that their God has ordered Israelites to celebrate a festival in the wilderness. Pharaoh says no and responds by doubling their workload. The Israelites in their anger blame Moses and Aaron for their extra work. Moses asks God why he is bringing harm to his people and God reassures him that everything will be all right. God once again sends Moses to reassure the Israelites that he speaks for the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob and that through a series of signs he will convince Pharoah to let the Israelites leave Egypt. So once again Moses and Aaron approach Pharaoh and ask him to let the Israelites go. God hardens Pharaoh’s heart and Pharaoh refuses. A series of 10 plagues are released upon Egypt. 1) All the waters in Egypt are turned to blood and all the fish die. 2) Frogs infest Egypt. 3)Lice crawl over every man, woman and beast that lived in the land 4) A cloud of insects attack the people. 5) A severe pestilence strikes the livestock of the Egyptians. 6) Egyptian people are covered in boils. 7) Thunder, hail and fire stuck the land of the Egyptians. 8) Locusts cover the sky and fields. 9)Darkness falls for 3 days. 10) Every first-born Egyptian child dies including Pharaoh’s son. Finally, Pharoah is convinced and the Israelites leave Egypt.After the Israelites depart, God once again hardens Pharoah’s heart and Pharoah sends an army after the Jews. Once again the Israelites blame Moses for their hardships. Moses reassures them and strikes the sea with his staff and the sea opens up a path of dry land for them to cross. As the Egyptians begin to cross, God orders Moses to stretch out his hand and the dry path closes and drowns the Egyptians. The Israelites wandered in the Sinai desert for 40 years. All three religions teach that this time in a desolate environment was necessary for the Israelites to be tested and to find for themselves their faith in God. Again, when they become hungry and thirsty they turn on Moses and blame him for their woes. When they complained of no meat, God provided quail. When they complained of no bread, manna fell from heaven. When they complain of no water, God tells Moses to strike his staff against a rock and water comes pouring out. After three months the Israelites arrived at the foot of the holy mountain of Sinai. A cloud encompasses the mountain and God descends into the cloud. God calls to Moses and Moses climbs up the mountain. God speaks and delivers to Moses the Ten Commandments. Since Moses is gone for a long time, the people begin to lose faith and want to make a God of their own. In the Torah and Bible, Aaron tells them to bring all the gold jewelry they have, and cast it into a mold. Aaron molds it into a golden calf, and the people worship this golden calf. When Moses returns he is infuriated. He throws down the tablets and they shatter. Then he takes the calf that the people made and burns it. He grinds the calf to powder and puts it into the people’s water, and makes them drink it. Once again, he goes up the mountain and writes down the commandments. The Jews continue to wander through the desert toward the Promised Land for the remainder of the 40 years. Moses is allowed to see the Promised Land but not enter. He climbs to the top of Mt. Nebo, which overlooks Canaan. God says, “This is the land which I swore to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. I will give it to your offspring. I have let you see it with your own eyes, but you shall not cross there. (Deuteronomy 34:4)
- Diaspora forced Jews to The Jewish people lived in many different parts of the Roman Empire, and wherever a minyan (10 Jewish adult men) could be found, they were able to establish a Synagogue Beginning around 70 CE rabbis met together to create commentaries on the Torah. These commentaries are known as the Talmud, and the Midrash. Studying the Torah, Talmud and Midrash became one of the central features of the Jewish religion.