Markup languages allow for annotating documents in a way that is distinguishable from the text. In 1969, Charles Goldfarb led the creation of GML, the first markup language. In 1974, Goldfarb invented SGML, the standard generalized markup language, which formed the basis for languages like XML and HTML. SGML became an international standard in 1986 and was used to design XML. Key languages descended from SGML include HTML, created by Tim Berners-Lee in 1991 to define web pages, and XML, developed in 1996 as a simplified version of SGML to share data on the web.

1. Markup Language
• It is a modern system for annotating a
document in a way that is syntactically
distinguishable from the text

2. • In 1969 Charles Goldfarb led the project to
create the Generalized Markup Language
(GML), the term "markup language" was
coined for him in 1970. Ed Mosher, Ray
Lorie, and Charles Goldfarb worked in that
project.

3. In 1974 Charles Goldfarb invented SGML
, Standard Generalized Markup Language.
• It was converted into the International Standard (ISO
8879), that was published on October 15, 1986. It was
the basis of XML and HTML and many others.
• It was the essential reference used by the W3C Working
Group when designing XML.
• It is a language for structured data and document
representation
• It is developed and maintained by ISO/IEC
JTC1/SC34/WG1; that is, Working Group 1 of
Subcomittee 34 of Joint Technical Committee 1 of the
International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
and the International Electrotechnical Commission.

4. In 1991 Tim Berners-Lee created HTML
• HTML is an SGML application for expressing
how Web pages should appear when presented.

5. In 1992 Charles Goldfarb invented HyTime
(Hypermedia/Time-based Structuring Language)
• It is an application of SGML.
• Markup languages for hypertext, graphics, and
multimedia
• International Standard 10744, published in
1992.

6. XML, eXtensible Markup
Language, 1996
• It was developed by the World Wide Web
Consortium in a committee created and chaired
by Jon Bosak
• It is extend HTML
• XML is a Web-optimized subset of SGML with
which you can create your own tags and import
data from anywhere on the web
• It describes objects that are interchanged for Web
services, electronic commerce, distributed
computing, and other purposes.

7. XHTML (eXtensible Hyper Text Markup
Language), 2000
• It defines HTML as an application of XML
• XHTML 1.0 became a Worl Wide Web
Consottium (W3C) Recommendation on
January 26, 2000