A markup language uses tags to define elements within a document. Markup languages include HTML, SGML, and XML. HTML is the standard markup language for web pages and uses tags like headings and paragraphs. SGML allows complex formatting and is flexible but requires expensive tools. XML separates data from presentation and is used widely to store and transport data between systems.

1. UNDERSTANDING MARKUP
LANGUAGES
-RAKSHANA R
-111921MC02040

2. MARKUP LANGUAGE
 A Markup language is a computer language that uses tags to
define elements within a document.
 Markup language, standard text-encoding system consisting
of a set of symbols inserted in a text document to control its
structure, formatting, or the relationship between its parts.
 A marked-up document thus contains two types of text:
 text to be displayed and
 markup language on how to display it.

3. WHAT IS WEB TAGS?
 Web tags indicate what should be displayed on the
screen when the page loads
 Tags are basic formatting tools in markup language.

4. WHAT MARKUP LANGUAGE DOES?
 When the document is processed for display, the
markup language is not shown
 It only used to format the text

5. ADVANTAGE OF MARKUP LANGUAGE
 Markup files contains standard word rather than
typical programming syntax.
 It is human readable.

6. TYPES OF MARKUP LANGUAGES
 HTML(Hypertext Markup Language)
 SGML(Standard generalized markup language)
 XML (Extensible markup language)

7. HTML(HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE)
 Hyper text- links in the web pages
 Markup language- indicates markup the normal
english
 It was designed by the British scientist Sir Tim
Berners-Lee at the CERN nuclear physics
laboratory in Switzerland during the 1980s.

8.  HTML is the markup language for encoding Web
pages.
 HTML markup tags specify document elements
such as headings, paragraphs, and tables.
 They mark up a document for display by
a computer program known as a Web browser.
 The browser interprets the tags, displaying the
headings, paragraphs, and tables in a layout that is
adapted to the screen size and fonts available to it.

9. HOW IT WORKS?
 Html provides the content layer, forms the structure
foundation of a webpage.
 Html provides text formatting instruction to
browsers in the form of tags called markup.

10. Example: Wikipedia

11. SGML(STANDARD GENERALIZED MARKUP
LANGUAGE)
 SGML (Standard Generalized Markup Language) is a
standard for how to specify a document markup
language or tag set.
 Such a specification is itself a document type definition
(DTD). SGML is not in itself a document language, but a
description of how to specify one. It is metadata.

12. ADVANTAGES
 It has the capability to encode the full structure of the
document and can support any media type.
 Separates content from appearance.
 SGML files encoding is allowed for more complex formatting
as compared to HTML.
 The Stylesheets present in SGML make the content to use for
different purposes.
 Extremely flexible.
 Well supported with many tools available because of ISO
standard.

13. DISADVANTAGES
 It may be typical to code software in SGML.
 Tools that are used in SGML are expensive.
 It may not be used widely.
 Special software is required to run or to allow the
document to display.
 Creating DTD’s requires exacting software engineering.

14. XML (EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE)
 XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language
 XML is a markup language much like HTML
 XML was designed to store and transport data
 XML was designed to be self-descriptive
 XML is a W3C Recommendation

15. HOW CAN XML BE USED?
 XML is used in many aspects of web development.
 XML is often used to separate data from presentation.

16. FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES OF XML
 XML separates data from HTML
 XML simplifies data sharing
 XML simplifies data transport
 XML simplifies Platform change
 XML increases data availability