This document provides an introduction to computers, including definitions of computer hardware, software, and how programs are developed. It discusses the main components of computer systems like the CPU, memory, and input/output devices. It also defines system software like operating systems and application software. The document outlines the system development life cycle from understanding a problem to testing a program. It introduces concepts like structure charts, pseudocode, and flowcharts used in program development.

1. Introduction to Computers
CCS 1100
Structured C Programming

2. Objectives

3. What is a Computer?

4. A. Computer Systems
1. Computer Hardware
2. Computer Software

5. Computer Hardware
1. Input Devices –data can be entered to
the computer
2. Central Processing Unit – processes
the organization and movement of data
in the system
3. Primary Storage – main memory;
where programs and data are stored
temporarily while processing
4. Output Devices
5. Auxiliary Storage Devices –
secondary storage; where data is stored

6. Software
System
Software
Operatin
g System
System
Support
Syste
m
Developme
nt
Application
Software
Genera
l
Purpos
e
Application
Specifi
c

7. System Software
 Manage the hardware resources of a
computer and perform required
information processing tasks.

8. System Software
1. Operating system – provides services that
allow users access to the system. (such as
user interface, file and database
access, communication systems.
2. System Support – provides performance
statistics for the operational staff and
security monitors to protect the system and
data. (disk format, disk clean up)
3. System Development – language
translators that convert programs into
machine language for
execution, debugging tools and computer-

9. Application Softwares
1. General-purpose software –
purchased from a software developer
and can be used for more than one
application.
2. Application-specific software –
with an intended purpose.

10. A. Computer Systems
User
System
Software
HARDWARE
Application Software

11. B. Computer Environments
1. Personal Computing Environment
2. Time-Sharing Environment

12. B. Computer Environments
3. Client/Server Environment

13. B. Computer Environments
4. Distributed Computing

14. C. Machine Language
 Computer Language Evolution

15. C. Computer Languages
1. Machine Language

16. C. Computer Languages
2. Symbolic Languages

17. C. Computer Languages
3. High Level Languages

18. D. Creating and Running
Programs

19. E. System Development
1. System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
The Waterfall Model:

20. E. System Development
1. Program Development
◦ Understand the Problem
◦ Develop the Solution
 Structure Chart
 Pseudocode
 Flowchart
 Write the Program
◦ Test the Program
 Black Box
 White Box

21. E. System Development
Structure Chart:

22. E. System Development
Pseudocode:

23. E. System Development
Flowchart:

24. F. Software Engineering
 Software Engineering is the
establishment and use of sound
engineering methods and principles to
obtain a software that is reliable and
that works on real machines.
 This definition, from the first
international conference on software
engineering in 1969, was proposed 30
years after the first computer was
built. During that period, software was
more of an art than a science.