MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY

1. Counseling
BY MR. JONES H.M-MBA
8/26/2019
JonesH.M-MBA
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2. Definition
 It is a two way communication process that helps
individuals examine personal issues, make decisions and
make plans for taking action.
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3. Counseling involves the
following
 Listening to client
 Respecting clients’ needs, Value, culture, religion and life
style.
 Asking clients questions that help them identify behaviors
which put them in danger of HIV infection
 Answering clients Questions and correcting false
information
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4. Counseling involves the
following cont
 Talking with clients about the advantages and
disadvantages of a given situation such as HIV
testing
 Allowing clients to make their own decision
about abut a give situation such as HIV
prevention and testing
 Helping clients understand their HIV test result
if they decide to be tested
 Helping client whose test results are negative
select ways to help them reduce their chances
of getting infected with HIV.
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5. Counseling involves the
following cont
 Helping client whose test results are positive find
treatment services and discuss ways to avoid spreading
HIV to other.
 Help clients find places to obtain other services they
need, such as treatment and support services, family
planning, antenatal and childbirth care, and drug abuse
treatment services.
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6. Principles of basic counseling
 Be sure to communicate with respect in your
verbal and non verbal communication. Be
careful not to scold, condemn, or be overly
familiar with the patient
 Honor confidentiality
 Communicate carefully with sensitivity
 Use simple words and language that is easy to
understand. Encourage the patient to ask
questions and have them repeat key
information to make sure they understand
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7. Principles of basic counseling
 Be sensitive to social/cultural practices that may
conflict with your plan of action. Respect these
practices and incorporate them when possible, and
provide alternatives or empathetic counsel when they
need to be eliminated.
 Allow the patient to ask questions and voice concerns
and listen to what she or he has to say.
 Find out the person already know before providing. A
good example to do this is to ask, “tell me what you
know or have heard about…)
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8. Types on counseling
 Pretest counseling
 Post test counseling
 Genetic counseling
 Preventive counseling
 Disclosure counseling
 Supportive counseling
 Crisis counseling
 Bereavement counseling
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9. Counseling skills
 There a few basic counseling skills that anybody
providing counseling need in order to talk with the client
in a helpful way.
 Some of these skills include the following:
 Empathizing
 Active listening
 Open questioning
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10.  Probing
 Focusing
 Affirming
 Clarifying
 Correcting false information
 Summarizing
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11. Empathizing
 This is the act of seeing the word thruogh
another person’s eyes and understanding how
that person feels from his/her point of view.
 You need to listen to the client and show them
that you understand without judging.
 Empathy is not feeling sorry for the client
 It is trying to understand the client’s by
imagining how it is to be in the clients shoes
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12. Empathizing cont
 An example is when your adolescent client tells you that
“my boy friend keeps asking me to have sex with him and
I feel embarrassed and angry”
 Your empathetic response would be “ so you feel
irritated, uncomfortable and pressured by him. That must
be difficulty”
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13. Active listening
 This involves paying attention to what the
client says and does and listening in a way
that shows respect, interest and empathy.
 E.g. if the client is biting nails and looking
nervous but tells you she is fine.
 You as a counselor may say “ sometimes
when we think we are relaxed, we can still
feel quite anxious inside. I see you are
biting your nails. Perhaps there is
something bothering you that you do not
know how to express. Do you have any
idea what that might be?”
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14. Asking open ended questions
 These are questions that require more than a one word
answer
 They usually begin with word such as “How,” “what,” or
“why.
 These questions encourage clients to express their
feelings and share information about their situation
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15. Probing
 This is using questions to help the client
express themselves more clearly
 Probing is necessary when the counselor
needs more information about the client’s
feelings or situation.
 Probing question are a good way to follow
up question that can be answered by “yes”,
or “no”
 E.g. “ can you tell me more about that”
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16. Focusing
 Client are usually overwhelmed by their emotional or
personal problems, that they may want to address all
their problems at once.
 If the client wants to talk about the information that will
be discussed later in the session ,the counselor may want
to keep the topic of discussion related to the current task.
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17. Affirming
 This is congratulating or complimenting
the client on the positive actions that they
have been able to take.
 This will help the client to feel respected
and valued and encourage them to do the
right things.
 For instance the client says “ recently I’ve
started using condoms each time I have
sex.”
 The counselor may say “ that is a positive
step you have taken in protecting yourself
against HIV and other STIs.
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18. Clarifying
 This is done in order to make sure that the
counselor understand a client’s statement or
question.
 It also helps the client to understand his/her
situation or feelings better and identify
uncertainty or conflict between his /her
thought and behaviour.
 E.g. The client may say “my partner gave me
gonorrhea and Iam afraid of getting HIV. But
Iam also afraid that if I ask him to use
condoms he’ll leave me.”
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19. Clarifying cont
 The counselor may say” Help me understand this. You are
afraid you might get HIV from your partner, but you are
also afraid he’ll leave you if you ask him to use condoms.
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20. False information
 Correct any false information
 This will help the patient to have the right information
and make an informed choice
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21. Summarizing
 The counselor summarizes the whole
discussion in order to eliminate the less
important information and present the main
points of the conversation to the client.
 Summarizing also help the counselor to:
 Make sure the counselor and the client
understand each other
 Enable them to move to another topic
 End the counseling session
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22. Counseling process
 Welcome the client
 Introduce yourself and your role
 Assure the client about confidentiality
 Introduce the topic
 Find out what the client knows the progress
from the known to the unknown
 Allow the client to talk and use you attending
skills
 After the discussion allow client to make a
dicision
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23. Qualities of a counselor
 A good listener
 Empathetic
 Non judgment
 Knowledgeable with the principle and skills of counseling.
 Ability to honor confidentiality
 Good voice clarity
 Self aware
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24. Support groups
 This is important for the client in order to get the support
and care he/she needs
 For example the a client who is HIV positive may require
HIV support group
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