Human Resource Management Essay Example

Human Resource Management Essay example
The Employment relationship is the only reason public and private limited organisations work
effectively. The Employment relationship is a fragile tie between an employer "management" and
employee "worker". This relationship can be affected by 3 factors which are interests, control and
motivation. Employers have to balance these factors in order to maintain a productive working
relationship.
Employment relationship works like any other relationship, commitment is required from both
sides. In this case the employer and employee need to have a form of understanding and objectives
need to be in common. This is not impossible therefore both sides agree upon a mutual decision
however interests can be opposed and have done so in the past. A ... Show more content on
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The reciprocal rights and obligations are created between the employer and employee through the
employment relationship and to an extent this is effective. Management has developed HRM
approaches to managing the employment relationship however whether this is effective and
successful is debatable. HRM represents Human Resource Management which is a "strategic,
integrated and highly distinctive managerial approach to industrial relations"
There are many forms of 'approaches' used by HRM in managing the employment relationship
however there are only two types of HRM; Hard HRM and Soft HRM. Hard HRM uses employees
as a resource whereas Soft HRM shows emphasis on employees from a human element therefore
more subtle compared to the other. By adopting the hard HRM employees are treated as resources
and are controlled as much as possible. In some cases employees are even paid less in wages
because management think they can do so with this form of HRM. In the soft HRM employees are
acknowledged and valued. Employees' skills are always developed and training is vital so that
employees are used at their best.
This is managements perspective of HRM being categorised however there is a big difference
between HRM theories and the practical
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What Issues Prompted Frontier Hotel And Restaurant Workers...
What issues prompted Frontier hotel and restaurant workers to take strike action? There were a lot
of issues that prompted employees at the Frontier hotel to take striking as an action to be heard.
When watching this documentary for the first time I didn't realize how long these workers were on
strike for. One word to describe the owners of these hotels is "savages". They started to fire
individuals for no apparent reason it seemed the owners wanted to cut back. There was one girl that
worked in the culinary department for eight years and she was let go. The hotel also took away
health insurance benefits, pension contributions for employees trying to retire and the most
important cutting employee wages for the hotel to save money and for the owners to profit even
more letting these employees work next to nothing. A lot of workers said they felt their pride was
being taken away also trying to take care of their own family will be even more inflexible. The hotel
took away everything so these employees had no chose but to strike. What tactics (other than
picketing) did the union use to pressure the Elardi family into settling the contract? Identify at least
three. Some other tactics the union used other than picketing was truly astonishing. These
employees really wanted to make a point across all of Nevada. One tactic that really helped these
employees win their strike was getting noticed across the state by walking thirty miles across the
dessert everyday. They

The Decline Of Strikes And Industrial Action
What factors explain the overall decline in strikes and industrial action since the 1980s, and what is
the likelihood of an increase in industrial conflict in the future? Introduction Strikes are rightly
acknowledged as a form of industrial conflict. Many works including OECD (2007), Hyman (1972)
and McIlroy (1995) have described strikes as temporary termination of a workplace or work
stoppage due to the initiatives taken by a group of workers or trade unions to impose or repel
demands and direct grievances or to encourage other workers or groups of workers in their struggle
of resisting demands or complaints. As pointed out by Edwards (1992), industrial conflicts seem to
be inevitable in any organisation due to the prevalence of tensions between the workers and
management. If they are not managed effectively, they result in an outburst which often take the
form of strikes. Prior to 1980's there were occurrence of many strikes. However, since 1980's the
strike rate has reduced in each following decade. The reduction in the occurrence of strikes has been
the highest in UK, Spain, Canada, Italy, Finland, Ireland and Australia (among OECD countries).
One reason explaining this decline has been the change in the employment structure of the industry
which has gradually moved from manufacturing to the services sector. However, according to
Beardsmore (2006), over the past few decades there has been a decline in the strike rate in both the
manufacturing and services

The RLA Or The Railway Labor Act
The RLA or the Railway Labor Act is applied to "rail and air carriers and their non– managerial
employees". (Fossum, 1979, pg.64) It's purposes include "avoiding service interruptions,
eliminating any restrictions on joining a union, guaranteeing the freedom of employees in any
matter of self–organization, providing for prompt dispute settlement and enabling prompt grievance
settlement". The RLA allows employers to vote an organization to exclusively represent them for
negotiations aimed at reaching conditions that would improve working conditions. Unlike other
private or public sector labor laws, contract negotiations under RLA continues to be in effect,
despite passing the amendment date until a new agreement is reached by the committee.
(Fossum,1979, pg.64) The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are various employer tactics that interfere with employee's "freedom of choice in being
represented by their chosen advocates". Unions may not try to influence management to discipline
employees who did not join the union or refuse to represent employees because they are not union
members. Some differences include that unions may not demand or require that an employer take
action against an employer for any reason. A failure to pay union dues is an exception to this rule.
Unions are also not allowed to force individuals to pay excessive initiation fees for union
membership. In management, employers and unions may negotiate contract clauses requiring union
membership as a condition of continued employment, also known as a union shop agreement. Also,
employers may not refuse to bargain with an union over issues of pay, hours or other terms and
conditions of employment. Furthermore, unions may not influence employees in the exercise of
Section 7 rights. Meanwhile, in management an employer may not interfere with an employee
engaging in any activity protected by Section 7. (Fossum,

The Importance Of Unio Strikes In Canada
In general, a strike is when workers intentionally stop all processes of work to try to force their
employer to agree on a certain set of demands. The worker has all power to do this because the
worker is essentially selling their labour in return for a wage from the employer and if these wages
(as one example), are deemed not sufficient by the employee, they go on strike. This results in a halt
of productivity/production which is detrimental for the employer. Employers also have some
leverage against employees and can undergo a lockout, which prevents workers from going to work.
Employees not going to work means that they won't get paid. This forces employees to usually
agree to conditions set by the employers but said conditions is typically not in favour of the
employees. The entire of action of going on strike is not necessarily liked for both sides as
employees are left unpaid and employers have their overall production put to a halt. For a strike to
occur, it must take place after the union contract or agreement has expired and if the union leader
approves of a strike. In the case that a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The industrialization of the early 1900s made it so that machines can do what artisans did at a much
faster rate for a lot less money, which made companies more profit. The biggest strike happened in
the post WW1 era of 1919 where the building and metal trades workers of Winnipeg went on a
general strike. This was different from a regular strike as this strike consisted of a multitude of
workers from all different areas of that field. Although the strike failed, it displayed the potential
that a union has when a group solidarity is formed. With the amount of strikes peaking in the mid
1970s, the recession of the 1980s and 1990s weakened the overall number of strikes as recessions
normally discouraged workers from

Labor Relations Paper
A union is an organization of workers who join together in order to have a voice in improving their
jobs and the quality of work within the organization. In many occasions, unions help employees of
an organization negotiate pay, benefits, flexible hours and other work conditions that may arise.
Unions have a role because some degree of conflict is inevitable between workers and management
(Noe, 2003). In this paper, I will be discussing the impact of unions and labor relations within an
organization. Labor Unions Labor unions represent workers interests and the collective bargaining
process provides a way to manage the conflict (Noe, 2003). More than ever, union employees have
come to see unionizing as a way to achieve an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In most cases, bargaining agreements governs wages, benefits, and the working conditions for the
union coalition employees. The agreements also set common goals and ground rules for the
employee 's and management. When management and labor employees have a difficulty coming
into agreements, the bargaining process breaks down. To bring difficult negotiations to an end,
unions may possibly decide to strike. Strikes A strike is a collective decision of the union members
not to work until certain demands or conditions are met (Noe, 2003). If the majority of the union
members vote to strike, the union will strike. Most strikes usually have union employees not show
up to work to perform his/her day–to–day duties but rather have the union employees picket outside
the organization. While the union employee is on strike, the employer does not pay the employee
his/her wage. In many strikes, the unions help the employees compensate their wages while they are
on strike. The purpose of a strike is to make the employer lose production because the regular
employee 's do not show up to work. The vast majority of labor–management negotiations do not
result in a strike, and the number of strikes has plunged since the 1950s (Noe, 2003). Are unions still
relevant in the United States? Unions are still very relevant in the United States. Labor relations
remain an important competency for HR professionals despite the long–term

Made in Dagenham
6) What does made in Dagenham tell us about aspects of 'the women question?" for instance what
are women like? What do they want? What is their proper sphere? You may wish to comment upon
how the film works as a film for instance framing images, music, and characterization. Etc.
Made in Dagenham
The film "Made in Dagenham" directed by Nigel Cole is based on a true story but is not completely
accurate with politically history. East London, Essex, on June 8 1968, 187 women machinist's
workers when on strike for equality. They went on strike for three weeks, the ford plant at which
they worked at had to stop production, of the product due to the lack of sew seats. They were
successful in getting rid of their lower rates of pay. It was only ... Show more content on
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This strike helped empower other women in the same situation to fight for rights in the work force.
The second reading of the debate of the bill, machinists got be to cited next to MP Shirley
Summerskill due to playing an important part in history for the struggle of equal pay. When the UK
joined the European union in 1973, became under the subject of article 119 of the 1957 treaty of
Rome. That specifies that men and women should receive equal pay for equal work. All the women
were in the union; it was a strong force to backed them up. In 1983, the "Equal Value Amendment
Regulations" passed as an amendment to the Equal Pay Act. The European Court of Justice had
found that UK legislation was not sufficient to provide for equal work for equal value for all
employees. The new legislation gave women the right to go to an employment tribunal on a new
ground: that they felt their work was of equal value to men in the same organization. The women at
Ford used this to challenge Ford's discriminatory job evaluation scheme, but the employment
tribunal ruled against them and turned down their appeal in 1984. With their renewed hopes once
again unfulfilled by the law, the women at Ford took strike action in December 1984. (Source 4)
Did the men support them?
Some workingmen helped the women in the strike. The husbands that worked in the ford plant
supported their wife's throughout the strike.

Industrial Action And Why People Go On Strike
BMAN72391 Industrial Relations 2014–15 1st Semester Student ID: 9583100 Ques Method
Industrial actions have changed in the UK over the last 50 years. And a lot have happened over the
course of time. In this essay I will try to answer why the public sector have greater prevalence of
industrial action than the private. I will base this on what happened during the course of history. I
will also give some suggestions to what might happen in the future regarding industrial actions in
the UK. Industrial action and why people go on strike Industrial action is defined as "the total range
of behaviours and attitudes that express opposition and divergent orientations between owners and
managers on one hand, and working ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But even though workers could go together, the employer could fire workers that joined unions.
This also meant that workers could go on strike but the employer could fire them or sue them for
possible damages (Hyman, 2003). Building on that, back in the 19th century a lot of legal regulation
connected to the work place was not something that the British government wanted to pursue, as for
example minimum wages, maximum working hours which of course also led to higher risk of
uprisings. Dundon and Rollinson (2011) speaks about four reasons for strikes activity. The first one
is economic reasons, it can be that employees think they don't get enough pay. It is shown that this is
often connected to economic cycles, where growth lasts for 20–30 years and then a period of the
same length of stagnation, in the beginning of the stagnation phase, the workers still have high
hopes at the same time as the employer starts to experience problems with profitability, and thus
tension start to rise. The next reason for strike activity is the social values explanation, it tells that
some jobs are tougher than others and people tend to stick together and a sense of solidarity comes
with that, examples can be coal miners or wood cutters. They have a high tendency to engage in
industrial action together as one unit. It is though

What Happened In The 1902 Coal Strike?
Strikes is an occurrence in which workers stop working and demand or protest against their
employers regulations or working conditions imposed. Strikes are aimed for the employers to
forcedly fulfill the workers demand. Strikes often happen in various different places. Often, a strike
would comprise of simply not showing up a work at protesting on the streets however do get brutal.
Strikes also vary in sizes depending of the protestors as sometimes there may be hundreds of
thousands of people or sometimes simply few thousand or even hundred. Strikes sometimes get
violent too. Most of the time, the protesters receive an agreement from the company being protested
or a change to their society to get things back to normal. The strike that I have ... Show more content
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It happened in the anthracite coal fields in eastern Pennsylvania. It started out due to the fact that the
miners demanded safer working conditions, shorter working hours and a 20% wage increase. As the
strike lasted up to winter, businesses and school had to shut down as they lacked coal for heating.
Mine operators refused to comply the miners demand because they complained that their profit was
low and that the United Mine Workers of America ruined discipline. As the protest got worse,
miners resorted to President Roosevelt in hoping for changes from him. Roosevelt soon also
realized that he must take action to the strikes as it may lead to a social war. The problem however
was that the government was not allowed to interfere in the dispute. Roosevelt soon finds himself in
a difficult situation. At the time, prices of coal skyrocketed to $20 per ton. To put it to perspective, it
is equivalent to $12 per gallon of fuel today. The protest soon got violent too even after John
Mitchell, the president of United Mine Workers of America had ordered a peaceful strike. The
strikes eventually stopped and on October 23, 1902, the miners went back to work and the nation's
fear of a freezing winter was gone. The miners were able to achieve a 10% increase in their wage
from the original 20% and also less working hours. They have achieved their goal from the
unfavorable

The Chicago Teachers Union And Chicago Public Schools
Georgis, Donnell, Mike, Moose
For the second time in almost 4 years, over 350,000 Chicago Public School Students may not be
able to go to school because of the CTU Strike that is currently in progress today (The Washington
Post). The issue between the Chicago Teachers Union and Chicago Public Schools has not been
solved yet due to disagreements about the income received. The Chicago Teachers Union has made
offers to school administrations; however, the responses were not in their favor. The union has been
in progress of agreeing on a contract "since November 2011, [and the strike that occurred at the
time] was the first to hit the Windy City in 25 years" (Liebelson). The issue must have erupted due
to a misconception or a realization of problems occurring. Chicago Teachers Union choosing to
strike does not affect charter schools since they are not a part of Chicago Public Schools. The issue
of school strikes can be fixed by increasing the budgets and providing useful resources to teachers in
order to improve the level of education.
The Chicago Teachers Union (CTU) Strike in 2012 affected every single Chicago Public School and
their Students in 2012. The strike affected about 600 public schools which is over 350, 000 students.
The CTU began negotiating their contract with CPS in November of 2011, but their demands were
not met. Since the negotiating did not solve the issue, the Chicago Teachers Union chose to organize
a strike for the first time in Chicago in 25 years.

Matchgirls Short Term Significance
What was the short term significance of the Match girl strikes. In 1888, a disturbance in east
London caught the public eye, as around 1400 women and teenagers left their place of work at
Bryant and May's factory. The strike had occurred due to mounting tension between the owners and
workers after the publication of Annie Besant's findings about the conditions in which these women
worked in. The Match Girls strike of 1888 had great significance in the short term as its success
highlighted the importance of organisation in striking, the importance of gaining support and
sympathy from others, the importance of leadership during the strike, and the significance of the
Matchgirls in regards to their exposure of the hazardous working conditions ... Show more content
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The power and success of the company was a key factor in significance of the Matchgirls, due to it
being such a high case strike, due to Bryant and May being at peak of their power and influence at
the time, the strike inevitably ruined their credibility and the boycott which Besant set up damaged
their sales during the strike. This demonstrates the power of the lower classes has which would later
go on to inspire other strikes where whole communities of people strike against big companies such
as the Dockers strike, and the General strike, and the miners' strike of 1984, and thus massively
increase the power and significance of trade unions. The role of Bryant and May was vital in the
strike, such as the way in which they attempted to manipulate the public into seeing the Matchgirls
in a different light, as already discussed. Bryant believed 'he had always endeavoured to be a
conscientious employer of labour and he had tried give his workplace as fair remuneration as profits
would permit' , however this is clearly shown in the reduction of wage in the years between 1880–
1888 and the expansion of the company between these years. Eventually the owners of the factory
accepted their defeat and met the clauses of the strike, by banishing some of the fines imposed on
the women when working, allowing them to eat in a different room, and reinstating those who were

National Labour Relations Act In Section 7
National Labor Relations Act in section 7 give all employees protection of concercted activities the
employee is a member of a union or not (Prozzi, 1986). Employee can actively engage in concerted
activities to bargain collectively or for mutual protection. Even though employees have protections
under section 7 and 8 of the National Labor Relations Act, those protections are not without limits.
If employee organize a strike or a walk out, these are actions that protected under NLRA (Landry,
2016). The goal of a strike or a walk out is to apply pressure to an employer to correct some unfair
employment practices under the current labor relations laws. A strike also gives the employee
leverage against any form of retaliation for acted in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sometimes employees want to strike however cannot afford the economic losses during the strike
period. When employees are part of a union, the strike is usually more organized and employee
prepare financially for the implications of loss wages. Even though it is unlawful for an employer to
terminate an employee for participation in a strike, how the employee carries the strike is at the
heart of the issue. If a strike is not carried in the correct way, an employer may have legal right to
terminate the employee for cause. In this case, employer make believe the fact both employee came
back to work the next day it was a partial strike. The reason why partial strikes are an unprotected
action is because the law does not want to give the employee the behind have a double benefit from
the NLRA. The changes in the laws the lead to creation of the Labor Management Relations Act (
Holley, Wolters & Ross, 2012). Even though the NLRA was designed to protect the interests of the
employee, there are provisions that balance the interests of employers as well. If an employee wants
to strike the employee must take al the risk of losing complete economic benefit for a period of
time. This case would be need to be settled by the NLRB. This case could actually be settled for
either the employer or employee depending on how the actions of the employees are interrupted.
Usually a last minute decision to strike by employees to protest the unlawful actions of an

The Wagner Act Essays
In 1934, the Wagner Act was first introduced, also called the National Labor Relations Act (NLRB),
it promised "to ensure a wise distribution of wealth between management and labor, to maintain a
full flow of purchasing power, and to prevent recurrent depressions." (Babson, p. 85) During the
mid–1930's organized labor and the United States Government struck a deal. It was the time of
Franklin D. Roosevelt. A volatile time, the country was attempting to recover from a depression,
unemployment was at an all–time high and organized labor was struggling for its own existence.
"Vast numbers of the unemployed are right on the edge," observed Lorent Hickock, a Pennsylvania
reporter hired by the federal government to report on social ... Show more content on
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With no relief in sight, society had nothing to lose and everything to gain by fighting back. Workers
saw that businesses and businessmen continued to get rich and mover further ahead in life, while the
working class began to fall further down the economic ladder with little or no hope of advancement
within society. The solidarity amongst the unemployed is a key factor which cannot be ignored by
historians and scholars, and that impetus could have propelled labor forward. For the first time,
America had seen mass demonstrations across the country centering on a central issue,
unemployment. Unemployment councils were prevalent within many of the major metropolitan
centers across the country, and they became the proponent for the wize of the American worker.
Numerous rallies and demonstrations were staged by those councils, and when it came to the issue
of unemployment there were no perceived boundaries amongst citizens based on ethnicity, race or
religion. The barriers which had stymied the growth of the labor movement had temporarily
disappeared. However, as powerful as these councils could have been, there was no co–ordination
amongst the various centers in relation to the public protest. Communities and individuals were
becoming mobilized and they too began to learn the importance of being organized and working
together collectively and disregarding any self imposed barriers along the lines

Mudule 11 Case Study Essay examples
Content Page # Executive Summary 2
Analysis 3 – 7
Annexure 8
Bibliography 8
Executive Summary
The report includes the summary of Lanka Fashion Leather Products Company (company) which
was successfully operating for several years having about 150 employees without any trade Union
(TU) activities. The Issue arose when 75% of the work force formed a branch Trade Union of a
registered TU sponsored by a political party. After two formal requests sent by the TU to the
management, demanding a discussion related to employment issues with the senior management
and since there was no response from the management the TU had to resort a strike action even after
extending the 14 days provided.
The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But concerning the smooth relationship (ER) between the employee and the employer and
moral/ethical values in the work place it is important to keep the management informed on such
activities. It's believed and proven that a Employer with High morals/ Values have less Employee
related issues and such employer who operates under legal framework would not discourage a TU
activities yet more would be more concern of the Employee relation and transparency, therefore it's
necessary to inform the employer on the grounds moral/values.
Question 2
Should the employer have given an opportunity to the union to discuss these matters with
management? Is it a legal requirement?
Yes, the employer is legally bound to discuss matters with a TU that has 40% of employees as its
members. According to the Industrial Disputes (Amendment) Act, No. 56 of 1999 stipulates under
the title Unfair Labor Practices that no employer shall: refuse to bargain with a trade union which
has in its membership not less than forty percent of the workers on whose behalf the trade union
seeks to bargain.
Question 3
Was the employer under a legal obligation to deduct the union membership fees from the salaries of
member employees?
No, the employer is not legally obliged to deduct the Union membership from the salaries of the
member employee, but the member has to pay a membership fee to the Trade Union which

Strike Action Memo
The purpose of this memo is to inform CTN service providers about potential labour and possible
strike action at Barrie Common Roof (165 Ferris Lane) and Orillia Common Roof (169 Front Street
South) between New Path Youth and Family Services and their OPSEU staff. Labour negotiations
between New Path and their OPSEU staff have been ongoing and unionized staff may be in a lawful
strike position effective Friday, July 14th at 12:01 am. Last week, and earlier this week, OPSEU
members representing New Path staff held information pickets as people left the Common Roof
locations in Barrie and Orillia. If New Path unionized staff go on strike effective Friday morning,
picket action is likely to occur at both Common Roof locations. It is hoped ... Show more content on
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Providers are asked to notify clients of the potential of strike action at these sites and advise them to
allow for extra time in arriving for appointments. If delays become extensive or problematic for
efficient access to services at these sites, providers may wish to arrange for service provision offsite
including providing services in the client's home where possible. Anyone in a position to cross
picket lines should also keep the following in mind: Please do not take sides in the negotiations and
respect everyone's inherent right to demonstrate within reason. Picket lines can be lawfully
established on public property (roads, sidewalks, etc.). Be courteous and respectful to picketers. Use
your car to cross picket lines. Do not opt to park somewhere else and walk across the picket line.
Chose either to listen to information that picketers may want to share with staff or visitors or simply
close the car window if you prefer not to listen. Expect delays and be patient. Do not try to drive
through or be rude to picketers. Calling the police because of nuisance is not an option. Police
should only be contacted in the unlikely event of violence. Make your way past the picket line
cautiously and not force your way

The Causes Of The Lawrence Textile Strike
Consider the labor upsurges of the 1910s (in particular the Lawrence Textile Strike) and the 1930s
(in particular the Flint Sit–Down Strike). Compare the causes of the two upsurges, the factors that
promoted workers' collective action, the barriers to collective action, and the roles of "dangerous
radicals." Describe the most important ways that the two are similar and the two are different. In
your view, what are the key factors explaining why the outcomes differed between the two cases?
Category Lawrence Textile Strike Flint Sit–Down Strike Causes+ A cut to workers wages by $0.32
Brutal Working Conditions Striking to win recognition of the UAW Establish a fair minimum wage
scale A grivence system and a set of procedures that would help protect from injury Factors that
promoted workers collective action Establishment of a stable and effective industrial union Stop
sending work to non–union plants; it was the first time a national union had thrown all its weight
behind one of its sections the barriers to collective action Lack of communication because of the
variety of languages spoken Management would only bargain on a plant by plant vasis Roles of
Dangerous Radicals Mill owners and city leaders hired men to foment trouble and even planted
dynamite to try to discredit strikers GM argued that the strikers were trespassing and got a court
order demanding their evacuation Outcome Lawrence Strike Outcome. At the end of ten weeks, the
IWW emerged from the Lawrence struggle as

The Winnipeg General Strike : A Rift Between Western...
Laura Alb CHC2Dc Stage 2 Research Report The Winnipeg General Strike Research Question:
How does the Winnipeg general Strike mark a rift between western Canadian employers and labour
workers? Outline: I) Introduction – General Background information – Focus statement: This paper
will focus on the opposition between western Canadian labour unions' resolve to play a larger role in
politics and industry and employers' objection to comply with them. II) The progress of the strike: a
demonstration of workers' neglect and aspirations A) Climate conducive to strikes (radicalism,
creation of One Big Union, inflation, unemployment, post WWI setting, difficult working
conditions, employers not willing to negotiate) B) Course of the strike (unison, role of women,
Winnipeg paralysis) III) The Failure of the strike: the strength of employers in a capitalist country
A) Opposition's response and resources (Accusations on part of Committee of 1,000 and Winnipeg's
leading newspapers) B) The federal Government's response: supporting employers. (Arrest of 10
Central Strike Committee leaders; 2 One Big Union members; "Bloody Saturday"; violence towards
strikers.) VI) Societal impact: A divided nation A) Bitterness among labour unions B) Increased
unionism and disposal to fight C) No settlement between workers and their employees. VIII)
Conclusion Notes Bib. 1: Bercuson, David J. Confrontation at Winnipeg: Labour, Industrial
Relations, and the General Strike. (Book) Bib. 2:

The Pros And Cons Of The Marikana
According to Labour Relation Act 66 of 1995 is that a strike is the partial or complete concerted
refusal to work, retardation or the obstruction of work by the persons who are or have been
employed by a same or different employers, so the purpose is the remedying of a grievance or when
a dispute is being resolved in respect for any other matters of mutual interest between the employee
and employer and any reference to work according to this definition is that overtime work whether it
is voluntary or compulsory it is included. Effective form of negotiation is striking itself, it is not
inherently bad but however an agreement that provides labour is a contract of mutual benefits for
both of the parties. No employer shall be entitled to such ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
It implies that the strikes are engaging in criminal activities while constitutional rights are being
exercised. According to Whyte (2013) is that he believes that the only acceptable term to use other
than an unprotected strike is unlawful. The violence that is often associated with the strikes in South
Africa has no effect on whether it is a protected or unprotected strike. It can occur that during a
protected strike the workers will also commit some type of misconduct such as intimidation or
assaulting. It will result that the strikers may be charged or dismissed by their employer but will still
remain a protected strike (Singo: 2013.). Over the past few years the workers have attempt to
heighten the impact of their strikes by making use of various tactics during the industrial action,
those tactics have negative impacts on the property's and lives of other people. This includes: By
trashing of the cities, vandalising the properties at supermarkets they are forming picket lines and
Also preventing the shoppers from doing business with the chosen businesses that have

American Federation of Labor and Industrial Workers of the...
"American Federation of Labor and Industrial Workers of the World" The American Federation of
Labor was an association of trade unions starting 1886, rising out of an earlier Federation of
Organized Trades and Labor Unions founded in 1881. The AFL's president, Samuel Gompers, was
convinced that unions open to workers of all types of skills within a given industry,called industrial
unions,were too undisciplined to withstand the tactics that both government and management had
used to break American unions in the past. The answer, was craft unions, each limited to the skilled
workers in a single trade. According to Gompers's "pure and simple unionism," labor should not
waste its energies fighting capitalism; I ts sole task was to hammer ... Show more content on
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This group, which became the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO), grew so powerful that
the AFL expelled the ten CIO unions in 1937. The AFL and CIO continued as separate organizations
during World War II but were reunited in 1955. The AFL––CIO was now the nation's dominant
labor organization, but this achievement was already being undermined by changes in the American
economy and work force––most notably, the growing loss of jobs in the manufacturing sector where
unions had been strongest. In 1945 nearly one–third of American workers belonged to a union; by
1990 the proportion had fallen to less than one–fifth. The IWW was founded in Chicago by a
convention of delegates from workers' unions representing 40 different trades. Among the unions
that played principal roles in its establishment were the old Western Federation of Miners, the
American Labor Union, and the Socialist Trade and Labor Alliance, composed of trade unions and
socialist groups. The outstanding labor leaders at the founding convention included Eugene Victor
Debs, William Dudley Haywood, and Daniel De Leon. The aim of the IWW was to include in its
membership the entire industrial population of the U.S. The organizational plan provided for seven
departments: agriculture, mining, transportation, building, manufacturing, public service, and
distribution of foodstuffs. Each department was subdivided into various constituent industries,

Strikes of the 70's and 80's: The Invisible Role of Women...
Strikes of the 70's and 80's: The Invisible Role of Women Throughout history women have slowly
moved from the role of mother and housewife into the labor force. In the middle of this rise in
stature is a relatively unknown set of events that helped women gain the self–respect and individual
attitude needed to move up in the work force. Women's participation in strikes during the 1970's and
80's is relatively unknown in U.S. history. Although the women involved in these strikes made a big
impact on the strike and its outcome, they go widely unrecognized and uncredited for their roles.
This paper will focus on three strikes: the Brookside Coal Strike, the Phelps–Dodge Copper Strike,
and the Pittston Coal Strike. Each of these strikes has ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Brookside Coal Strike
The Brookside Coal Strike was set in the old–fashioned, stereotypical South of Harlan County in
Kentucky. The stereotypical role of women as housewives was very much a part of the Southern
culture. For women to step out of these bounds and become political advocates in the strike was
odd, to say the least.
Women first got involved in this strike to support their striking husbands, as most of the women
involved in the auxiliaries were wives of miners. These quotes from two of the women participants
show their motivations for participating:
I done it because I just got tired of watching the innocent people suffer when the other guys was
making the money. I knowed that, well, it wasn't right for the men that was on strike to be doing
without and the other guys going in there and taking their jobs (Maggard 17).
I guess I done it just because I loved him so much. He was trying to do what he thought was right...
He went into that mines. He put his life in the mines for me and my kids. I said (to the other ladies),
"I'm gonna make my mind up that I'm gonna help him 'cause he helped us." (Maggard 17) These
quotes show that the motivations of these women were geared toward supporting their husbands and
their families. It was probably because of these motivations that the women's involvement in the
strike was tolerated.
They formed the Brookside Women's Club, who's main purpose was to maintain a picket line 24–
hours

The Right To Strike : The Causes Of Public Labor Strikes
During 19th or early 20th centuries, most Western countries had partially legalized striking .and in
most countries they made strike quickly illegal. Strike define as a work cessation that caused by the
mass refusal of employees to work. Usually strike occurs in because of employee grievances. In
today's world, Strikes became common. And are not specific to a particular workplace or workers
community. Strike arises due to wants for better wages and living conditions. The first recorded
labor strike was during the construction of the Great Pyramid of Cheops (Rodrigues, N.D)
According to the historian Herodotus (Herodotus, Historia, Book II, 124–126), the workers received
an amount of garlic everyday to increase their stamina and to maintain their over–all health and
when a ration of garlic did not turn op on time they made a work stoppage. In the private sector for
employees, the right to strike is guaranteed by the National Labor Relations Act, whereas public
employees are generally prohibited from striking, making the right to strike a major issue for
public–sector unions (Carrell, 2013 p.102).
The Right to Strike Right to strike usually denied to the public employee either by statute or by
court action. The primary reason for prohibiting public employee strikes is that most of the services
provided by public employees are essential to the public general welfare. Public safety, police, fire
and emergency medical services are often cited as examples of why public

Labour Reform And Industrial Conflict
1.2 BACKGROUND TO LABOUR REFORM AND INDUSTRIAL CONFLICT IN NIGERIA In
this section, our objective is to present in brief, a review of the historical development of labour
reform and perhaps industrial conflict in the country. As it were, industrial conflicts in Nigeria can
be localized within the pre and post–colonial industrial configurations. Prior to colonialism there
existed a form of artisanship, a semblance of modern time's trade unions. Artisans' organizations
known as the guild systems survived before the advent of colonialism, which opened up doors to
official recognition of trade unions. Adebisi (2013) in an article titled "History and Development of
Industrial Relations in Nigeria: Hybridity of Western Models Versus ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
These factors led to modern intensive economic activities and labour administration which produced
the institutional foundation for the emergence of formal trade unions in the country. The second
formal trade union, the Nigerian Civil Service Union (NCSU) was established in 1914 following the
colonial amalgamation of northern and southern protectorates. Subsequently, the pitiable conditions
of labour impregnated the conception that unionism is a labour tool of struggle against exploitations.
However, in the early stage of trade union development in Nigeria, few industrial conflicts were
recorded. For instance, on 9th January 1920, the Nigerian Mechanic Union embarked on the first
official strike to resist insufficient wages, long hours of working, stoppage of war bonus, and non–
payment of wages for public holidays. With the success of the 1920 strike, the colonial governors
introduced trade union laws in their colonies. Thus, it can be deduced that after formal
establishments of trade unions in Nigeria industrial climate, conflicts became popular and have been
discouraged by governments. The 1938 Trade Union Ordinance and the 1973 Trade Union Act
marked the centrality of State regulations in Trade Union development. In–between these periods
serious industrial conflicts (strikes) broke out and were mismanaged but the power of the

The Reasons Why Junior Doctors Are Striking
Seven days a week. More unsociable working hours. Extra premiums on weekends will be lowered.
These are the main reasons why junior doctors are striking. This is only a handful of the drastic
changes that the Secretary of Health, Jeremy Hunt has imposed since being appointed in 2012. It is
very transparent as to why junior doctors choose to strike however there are drawbacks to doctors
striking. This project will help to uncover how this new working contract is affecting junior doctors
to an extent where they feel as though striking is appropriate. There will be an evaluation of whether
the striking is worth taking part in and whether it is a dangerous to strike on working days. Finally, a
conclusion will be draw alongside a solution for both parties: the Government and junior doctors.
The primary issue of the newly proposed contracts is the increase in working hours and the cuts on
extra premiums. For instance, currently in the normal contract, sociable hours are 7am–7pm
Monday to Friday. The new proposal by the government extends sociable hours to Monday to
Friday 7am–8pm and on Saturday an additional 7am–5pm shift. Altogether that accumulates to 11
extra hours of work in one week. However, there has been an increase in basic salary by 13.5%.
Nonetheless, junior doctors believe that this has very little benefit to them. Rather the new contract
is making them feel more fatigued. Dagan Lonsdale who is a junior doctor believes, "tired doctors
make mistakes." He thinks

Labor Movement In The 1800s
Labor Movement During the late 1800's America became involved in a large labor movement that
would shape history. As America was becoming more industrialized, the need for workers increased
overnight. "The workplace was changing as machines became common and the demand for
unskilled workers brought new groups into the workforce including immigrants, women, and
children" (Aboukhadijeh). The desperation from both employees and employers brought awareness
to working conditions. Employees desired better working conditions, increased wages, and
decreased working hours. Communicating with employers proved to be futile and fueled union
movements. Union members would go on strike to force companies to meet their demands.
Sometimes it would work and when it didn't, companies would lock out employees and bring in new
workers to do the job. These actions led to violent protests, riots, and arrests. The Pinkertons were
hired as security by companies during these trying times. "Toward the end of the 19th century, the
agency became more involved in labor disputes, always on the side of management" (Crawford).
The Pinkertons were labeled as villains by workers as blood was shed during these conflicts. Coal
mining was one of the industries heavily affected by the strikes in which the Pinkertons would
become involved with. Working conditions were already substandard due to the process of mining
coal. Mine workers were exposed to safety hazards, long working hours and inhaled toxic

Industrial Workers During The Gilded Age
Similar to the farmers during the Gilded Age, industrial workers combatted poor working
conditions, child labor, low wages, and long hours by forming labor unions and organizing strikes,
ending as a massive failure. Early in the industrial era, there was no minimum wage, leaving it up to
the factory owners to set the rate at which their workers were to be paid. Some owners did not pay
their employees in cash but in company scrip which could be redeemed at the company store. For
example, in Pullman, Illinois and in Hershey, Pennsylvania, the towns were owned by corporations,
the Pullman Palace Car Company and the Hershey Company respectively, so their workers would
receive vouchers to spend at the company store instead of hard cash. ... Show more content on
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Initially a fraternal organization providing social events, sporting competitions, and education for
working men and their families, the Knights of Labor soon advocated for the creation of
cooperatives where members would serve as worker–owners who have input on the running of
factories in hopes of making changes for the better of the working man. The Knights of Labor
believed that the "alarming development and aggression of aggregated wealth, which, unless
checked, will inevitably lead to the pauperization and hopeless degradation of the toiling masses"
could only be stopped "through the unification of labor". The Knights were open to all "producers"
including skilled and unskilled workers and owners as well as women and African–Americans.
Bankers, doctors, liquor manufacturers, lawyers, and stockholders were excluded because of their
supposed lack in productive contribution to society. The union advocated for a national eight hour
workday, the expulsion of Asian workers, the prohibition of immigration from the Far East, and an
end to child labor. The Knights worked to make changes for all workers, regardless of affiliation
with the group, and opposed strikes and boycotts. As the Knights of Labor began to fade away,
another organization arose called the American Federation of

The Outcome Of Two Major Railroad Strikes
Identify and describe the outcome of two major Railroad Strikes. The two major Railroad Strikes
were the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and Railroad Shop workers Strike of 1922. The Great
Railroad Strike of 1877, was due to workers not being happy about the pay cuts that were being
made by their employer so often. Northern Railroads began cutting salaries and wages. Because of
various railroads cutting wages by 10% back to back, workers were not willing to continue working
under those conditions. Not only were the wages of the workers being cut, the amount work of work
given to the employees increased and the employer did not hire additional workers. This then caused
railroad employees to respond by taking control of the rail yard switches, and blocking movement of
trains. Throughout various cities such as Baltimore, Pittsburg, St. Louise, and Chicago, Violent acts
began to occur. Many people died throughout the cities. The strike cause the country's commerce to
become paralyzed and pushed governors in different states to utilize militia members to reopen rail
traffic. This action also helped set the stage for violence that would occur later in the 1880s and
1890s. The Railroad Shop Workers Strike of 1922 affected everyone in the country. This strike
occurred because of the pay cut of seven cents to the wages of the railroad workers. Approximately
400,000 rail shop workers from various unions were on strike because the cut was announced by the
railroad labor board. When

Recessionary Bargaining Power
The balance of power between labor and management seems to shift from one side the table to the
other. When the economy is booming and unemployment rates are low, the balance of power toward
labor. When the economy is in recession and unemployment rates are high, the balance of power
shifts toward management. Owners want to see their company succeed by earning higher and higher
profits, top level executives want to command higher and higher salaries, and shareholders seek
ever–higher returns on their investments. Caught in the middle of the battle between labor and
management is the HR manager who represents the concerns of labor to management and they
convey the positions of management to labor. The purpose of this paper is to discuss how a
recession affects a union's ability to strike and win concessions from corporate management,
describe what the organizational climate will be like once the strike is over and employees come
back to work, and explain what HR actions are needed to improve workplace relations after a strike.
Recessionary Bargaining Power
Going on strike can be a risky endeavor even in the best of times when the economy is healthy and
jobs are plenty. When the economy is strong and unemployment is low, workers have the luxury of
picking and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some unions are recording record increases in wage and fringe packages as they nail down
agreements. (para 1)
However, the tables turned during and after the 2008 economic collapse. Going on strike to extract
wage and benefit concessions during a recession can and often does have devastating consequences,
up to and including loss of jobs, reduced wages and benefit cuts. Making matters worse for union
members is the fact that these cuts can occur in spite of the fact the owners, top executives and
shareholders are earning record

Bata Case Study
Quality of BATNAs: Does either side have a good BATNA? Do they know each other's BATNAs?
In both 2012 and in 2016, the Chicago Teachers' Union (CTU) showcased the immense power of
every union's BATNA under the NLRA: the ability to strike. 30,000 teachers took to the streets,
350,000 students were out of school, and hundreds of thousands of parents were forced to adjust
their schedules. The strength of the strike option depends largely on the current political
environment and the strength of the counterparty's alternatives. Often, counterparty's BATNA to
negotiating concessions with a union is to utilize temporary workers or to allow weaker unions to
bankrupt themselves by allowing the strike to continue until union coffers are empty. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
This BATNA would do little to alleviate the short–term consequences, however. They were left with
only a few options: make a deal or resort to their weak BATNA, which was to open schools for
partial days, increase police surveillance on the streets, and have community organizations provide
activities to keep children busy. The city knew the CTU had a strong BATNA that seemed to grow
stronger by the day as constituents grew angry and annoyed: continue striking. Because this BATNA
was so powerful, the city offered teachers a more agreeable deal. The union relied on the fact that
city leaders would suffer more than the teachers from disruption as the strike continued. When this
materialized, Emanuel had no choice but to concede. Building Rapport: Why trust is key. We talked
a great deal in class about the importance of viewing negotiations as opportunities to work together
to achieve both party's interests by viewing the discussion as a joint problem–solving exercise.
Paramount to this is mutual trust and respect between parties. In the negotiations between the CTU
and Mayor Emanuel, little trust or respect existed. Several experts cite this lack of rapport as a
major contributor to the strike. From day one, Mayor Emanuel lobbied the legislature in Springfield
for education reform that would redefine collective bargaining in Chicago. His reforms

The Union Of Korean Trade Unions
Gregory Baumanna Overview: In December 1996 and January 1997, there was a massive four week
nationwide strike in South Korea in protest against newly passed labor laws which gave employers
more power to lay off employees, made it easier to hire temporary/strike replacing workers and put
off allowing multiple unions to be formed at a given enterprise. This resulted in the mobilized three
million workers, which shut down auto/ship production, disrupted hospitals, subways and television.
The two main unions involved were the The Federation of Korean Trade Unions (FKTU) and the
Korean Confederation of Trade Unions (FCTU). This strike was notable due to its consistently high
levels of worker participation and high level of public support. Two ... Show more content on
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Many companies attempted to institute practices that would allow for cost cutting such as reliance
on contract workers and part time workers, in addition to allowing for voluntary retirement and
adopting a no work no pay policy. These moves were actively opposed by labor groups and the need
for labor refom became clear. This belief also led to South Korea's New Korea Party (NKP) creating
the Labor–Managrement Relations Reform Committee (LMRRC) on May 9th of members of
various labor interist groups, university professors and lawmakers. Its 30 members held several
public hearings on the creation on new labor policies and created the New Labor Law.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/pdfplus/2645826.pdf?acceptTC=true&jpdConfirm=true This new Labor
law was the result of a 1996 Changes would make it easier and legal for companies to lay off
workers, increase the legal work–week by 12 hours and allowing companies to modify working
hours, makes the use of scab labor during strikes legal and outlawing strike–pay.
http://www.hartford–hwp.com/archives/55a/075.html Cause: Government says changes are
necessary to make South Korea "more competitive with other developing economies" that are
emerging as competitors to Korea. http://www.hartford–hwp.com/archives/55a/075.html The
committees that had been created were unsuccessful in creating a new labor bill after six months of
hearing so the NKP decided to create a new secret committee to create the bill on December 3rd.
Then on

Winnipeg General Strike Research Paper
The Labor unions and disputes against the employers of 1919 also known as Winnipeg General
Strike was one of the most tense and significant of all previously recorded General Strikes
throughout history. A strike is defined as a strike by workers in all or most of the businesses in a
country at the same time. Of which the Winnipeg General Strike managed to kill the city in a few
hours where movement was delayed because of the lack of workers Strike was a stand against the
employers and the government in order to ask for better work conditions, mainly collective
bargaining, and an agreement to allow all strikers back to work after their terms have been met. The
united action of all workers was very threatening towards the society. The strike was generally a
very successful protest to the state it was a success and they had managed to stop the strikers. If
employee feel that their welfares is threatened or if their demands are not satisfied they approach to
the trade unions who bring pressure to the employers in an organization. Trade Unions are different
individuals with the common interest to come together to guarantee that their interests of work place
are not affected, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Employees think forming a trade union is a way of helping to achieve improvements in these
different aspects of their work place– a trade union is a type of pressure group. Unions are
representatives of employee demands at work and to challenge the management when needed
therefore, are sometimes disliked. In this fast pace employers want to avoid and eliminate the waste
of resources and try to utilise and maximize the productivity. Even after the past events including
the formation of unions and strikes sometime business support trade union and sometime dislike

The British Airways Strikes Effects on Employee Motivation
The British Airways Strikes Effects On Employee Motivation
Introduction
British Airways is one of the leading airline company in Europe, nevertheless in the last few years it
has financial problems, talks begin between British Airways and the Unite (Britain's biggest union)
from January of 2009 to solve the problem. At the beginning, the relationship between the two
parties was composed, but the milestone was in 2009 October, when the British Airways stated that
they are going to cut the staff on long–haul airlines, and from 2010 they freeze the payment of the
cabin crew for two years. In December, the majority of British Airways employees decided on strike
actions for 12 days, during Christmas time. It was a critical date, because ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The wrong amount of conflict can lead to limited physical or mental health (stress), wasted
resources, sidetracked goals and/or heightened self–interest (Torrington et al 2008). The manager
has to see how it is the relationship between the company and employees or among the employees.
If the manager notices that the performance is poor, he or she should minimize it.
The British Airways strikes have an enormous influence on the tourism industry, on passengers and
BAA ,as well (BAA Results 2010). The strike actions has also an impact on the ones who work
during the walk outs. It is because of the passengers who have to wait and can not fly off as they
planned. They are angry and they think that the ones who work during the walk–outs are responsible
for their nuisances, but it is not because of them. Because of they are strike breakers they have a
conflict with the staff members who are on strike. According to the BBC, if they solve the conflict
and everything will be finished the next thing which they have to decide is that they have to find a
way to restructure the relationship between the employees and management and among the
employees. A strike attendant said: "We will still do a good job for the passengers but I do think it
will be a bare minimum because, whatever we do, you do not get anything back from the company
(BBC 2010)". The employee motivation is suffering but not just because of the disputes among
people. The

Essay about The 1994 Baseball Strike
The 1994 Baseball Strike On August 12, 1994 professional baseball players went on strike for the
eighth time in the sports' history. Since 1972, negotiations between the union and owners over
contract terms has led to major economic problems and the absence of a World Series in 1994. All
issues were open for debate due to the expiration of the last contract. Until 1968, no collective
bargaining agreement had ever been reached between the owners and the players (Dolan 11).
Collective bargaining is the process by which union representatives for employees in a bargaining
unit negotiate employment conditions for the entire bargaining unit (Atlantic Unbound). Instead, the
players were at the mercy of each owner who possessed the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Two major issues led directly to the interruption and eventually the cancellation of the entire season.
After a 28–0 vote among the owners, they agreed to share revenue on the condition they could get
the players to accept a salary cap. The issue of revenue sharing was directly linked to the salary cap.
By taking this action, the owners signaled they had come to realize the problem of disparity between
big market teams (New York, Los Angeles, Chicago) and small market teams (Seattle, Pittsburgh,
Milwaukee). The problem, however, was that because the owners linked their revenue sharing with
a salary cap, the players felt they were being asked to solve the owners' financial disparity problem.
There is a noticeable difference in team payrolls, as displayed in 1993, when the the payroll of the
Toronto Blue Jays was $48.4 million, compared with San Diego Padres' payroll of only $10.6
million (Layden 17). Therefore, the idea of revenue sharing, wherein big market teams would
transfer monies to the small market teams, was a good one, but it caused disputes among the owners
as to how the formula would be worked out. Not all of the small market teams were in bad shape
financially. In fact, some that had built or were building new stadiums such as Baltimore, Cleveland,
and Texas were doing quite well. It was not until June 14, 1994, that the owners finally presented
their collective bargaining proposal, 18

History Of UPS Corruption
The international brotherhood of teamsters was founded in 1907. Early on the teamster union was
known for being a corrupt organization even having ties to organized crime. Union leaders and
organizers were involved in illegal activities such as embezzlement, racketeering, taking bribes,
assault and vandalism. This type of behavior in the organization lasted for many years prompting
the government's involvement in an attempt to expose the corruption. A committee was formed to
investigate the union activities and along with its findings the Teamsters president was forced to
retire and Jimmy Hoffa was elected as president even though he was as corrupt as the previous
president. Teamster for a Democratic Contract and Teamsters for a Democratic ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
At this point UPS had become a very successful and powerful company with profits in the billions.
Years prior to this there had been a pretty close division of full and part–time workers. But, that had
begun to change and the part–time workers had greatly increased and were only paid 8 to 9 dollars
and hour. The company of course, felt quite confident that it had some leverage in the negotiations
of a new contract. They were pretty secure that the Teamster were having problems with finances
because the union had to use union funds to finance the oversight of the government over the union,
as well as the fact that Carey who was still union president, had led several strikes already (Leumer,
2007). UPS was ready and some of their demands were they wanted to make full–time positions
part–time, vacation, holiday and personal days would be decreased and they even wanted to hire
self–employed drivers for the highway which would eliminate some union jobs. Well the union and
Ron Carey was also ready, they had prepared for the negotiations a year in advance. They had
workers to fill out a questionnaire to find out what was important to them concerning their jobs and
they overwhelmingly stated that it was the need for full–time positions. The teamsters made that
issue their number one demand (Leumer,

Knights of Labor Essay
to be or not to be, that is the question. When one meets Gould for the first time, one witnesses a
tremendous power: no one can question his charisma and compelling personality. But under the
facade, behind the mask of great glory and munificence lies the true Gould, the Gould who desires
to enslave the working man, to nullify his basic rights, and crush every bit of resistance against
injustice. The duplicity of the magnate is not always obvious, but it is evident in his dealings with
the Knights of Labor. speak softly but carry a big stick, and you will go far. No other union had
come into such heated conflict with Gould as did the Knights, as no other union had been strong
enough to challenge Gould himself. But in the end, even the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Hoxie, believing that the strike was a direct violation of the agreement reached between Gould's
Missouri Railroad Company and the Knights during the Wabash strike not to strike before
arbitration was attempted on any issue, began a violent campaign against the Knights of Labor,
firing its members and recruiting new workers. The Knights of Labor were eventually forced into a
desperate state. In fact, the later strike was not instigated by Powderly, but by one of his officers
Martin Irons, who chose to defy the authority of Powderly when a man named Hall was discharged
by the Texas and Pacific Railroad. The strike, an indirect effect of a mass influx of uninformed
newcomers to the union, marked the beginning of unorganized struggle of the union and the end of
Powderly's influence. The outcome of the strike was so disastrous for the labor union that it caused
even the United States government to fear Gould's autocratic power; the president himself had urged
Gould not to stand in the way of arbitration. In a later encounter between Powderly and Gould,
Gould–seeming a mediatory man– appears to yield to Powderly's demands by agreeing to order
Hoxie to readmit workers regardless of union affiliation (but he had in fact written the telegram so
that it implied that Hoxie continue with his policies). When the newspapers leaked out the
information, Gould responded by informing Powderly that he had no power to

Difference Between Strike And Strike
. Strikes Vs Lockouts
Just as employees have the right to strike action so too do employers have the right to lockout
employees should an issue be unsettled. However, certain procedures as well as specific limitations
apply under certain circumstances ("Basic guide to strikes, lockouts and picketing", 2008).
Secondary strike action and picketing are also used as means of addressing a dispute.
Equally, strikes and lockouts, involve the termination or the interruption of work in any work
environment. However, the main difference between lockouts and strike action depends on which
party initiates the interruption of work activities ("Difference between Strike and Lockout", 2016).
In a strike action, it is the employees who initiate the interruption of work. Though, in a lockout, it
is the employers who initiate the interruption of work activities of the employees ("Difference
between Strike and Lockout", 2016).
So what is a strike?
Defined, a strike action is "a refusal to work, initiated by a group of employees as a method of
protest, in an attempt to achieve an allowance or allowances from their employer." ("Difference
between Strike and Lockout", 2016). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
("Difference between Strike and Lockout", 2016). Strikes may be specific to an employer, work
environment or even a department within a work place, but on the same token, it might involve an
entire trade or every employee of a country. For example, a strike in a textile factory may persuade
all textile employees of a specific country to join the strike action; thus all textile workers may
collectively ask for improved working conditions or higher salaries. A strike can affect the economy
of the entire country. ("Difference between Strike and Lockout",

Should Workers Be Allowed To Strike?
It is difficult to see how anyone could deny that all workers should have the rights to strike. This is
because striking gives workers freedom of speech. This is justifiable, because Britain is a
democratic nation.
My first reason supporting the motion that workers should be allowed to strike is in order to bring to
the fore poor safety conditions. For instance, in the nuclear power industry, any breaches of safety
can have tragic consequences. If the employees are exposed to nuclear material, this could lead to
serious illnesses such as cancer, leukaemia and radiation sickness. Radioactive material could also
affect residents of the surrounding area, as in the case of the Chernobyl disaster. In the light of poor
safety conditions, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This would ensure that the proprietors would have to negotiate with the unions, as skilled workers
are difficult to locate.
Furthermore, if the workers belonging to one trade union walk out, the situation may be intensified
by the fact that one trade union's leaders can call on an allied union's members to down tools. To this
end, there are many ties – official and unspoken – between the trade unions. For instance, in 1926
when the Miner's Federation received official notice of wage cuts for miners, the TUC (Trade
Unions Congress) called on railway labourers, bus drivers and many others to strike in support of
the miners. On the fourth of May, two million labourers walked out to strengthen the cause of the pit
workers.
Twelve days later, the strike was called off, and the miners kept going unswerving until Christmas.
The strike itself was a failure, but for those twelve days in May, it showed how powerful the humble
worker was; the whole country ground to a halt.
On the contrary, some people would argue that industrial action causes disruption to the general
public because of the amenities that are interrupted, for instance bus and train services. Although
this is true, the disorganisation would turn the media spotlight on the employers, forcing them to
give in to public pressure and accede to their employee's demands.
As has been noted, strikes are sometimes necessary for the public and worker's safety. It is

Reality of Education in America Essay
For the past handful of years America has had its fair share of problems– terrorist attacks, global
warming, horrendous mass shootings, twerking, and so on. Most recently, however, angry strikes
from frustrated, underpaid citizens have been in the headlines. Surprisingly, it was found that most
of these demonstrators were teachers: angry with the government and the economical approach that
was taken to "improve" fiscal issues. Within the United States, this approach was called the Deficit
Reduction Plan (DRP). This solution imposed lowering debt by reducing spending and raising taxes.
In 2009, US deficit was at an all time high, peaking almost $1.4 trillion. Since deficit reductions
have not worked in the past, many individuals and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is why every year twenty percent of teachers in urban districts quit and around five to ten
percent go on strike. Probably the most well–known teacher strike stems from Chicago. In this area,
26,000 Chicago Public School teachers went on strike due to unfair job ethics and pay. Additionally,
the same movement (on a much smaller scale) was starting to be found nationwide– in Florida,
Washington, California, New York and also worldwide– in countries such as Mexico, Brazil,
Greece, and England. What we are seeing is not something that can be ignored. It is something that
must be addressed as soon as possible, not just in America, but also in other countries as well. In the
palatial grounds of Mexico City alone, thousands of cars and twenty–two million people have been
brought down, not by religious conflicts or terrorist attacks, but rather an aggregation of furious
school teachers. "Around 10,000 educators protesting a government reform program have in the
span of a week disrupted international air travel, forced the cancellation of two major soccer
matches, rerouted the planned route of the marathon and jammed up already traffic–choked
freeways," reports Mark Stevenson of the Huffington Post. In Brazil, strikes have been ensuing
since June of 2013. The problem went from small marches against transportation fares to a
nationwide protest against

Human Resource Management Essay Example

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