Kim Kardashians Of The Wild

Kim Kardashians Of The Wild
Kim Kardashians of the wild? Exaggerated sexual swellings in non–human primates: mechanisms
and functions
Oedemas of sexual tissue with extracellular water retention and swellings of the skin of the
circumanal, subcaudal and paracallosal regions (Krohn & Zuckermann, 1937; Dixson, 1998a) are
observed in many species of non–human primates, baboons being famous for their large bright
behinds. We know that this engorged feature has evolved independently 5 times as different tissue
areas are involved in each of the species exhibiting the trait (Dixon, 1998b). Multiple independent
evolutions of this trait suggests that the exaggerated swellings serve an adaptive purpose. (Tecumseh
Fitch, 2011) The possibly quite significant added costs of simply ... Show more content on
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Analysis on faecal matter showed that turgescence of baboon ano–genital swellings links to the
follicular phase of the ovarian cycle, while deturgescence links to the luteal phase, leading to the
conclusion that the swellings are under the influence of hormonal control in primates (Gillmann and
Gilbert, 1946). This suggests that the role of sexual swellings is to visually indicate the onset of
ovulation to male non–human primates. It is observed that swellings indeed attract males
independently of olfactory or behavioural cues (Bielert 1982; Saayman 1970) suggesting evolution
of this attraction to larger swellings occurred due to the reproductive success associated with it.
Males that are able to recognise swellings, discriminate between them and to mate with the female
when hers are largest, would have higher chances to sire an infant, resulting in high selection
pressure on males to react to swelling state.
Ulterior motives
Examples have been found where swellings also occur in other situations where ovulation is highly
unlikely. For example in chimpanzees (Wallis, 1972) tumescence was observed in an irregular
pattern throughout pregnancy, and in Sooty Mangabeys a swelling virtually identical in size to
maximum conception swelling was observed consistently in the first trimester. (Hadadian &
Bernstein, 1979) This
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Research Paper
Christopher Columbus found a new world and jumpstarted an age of exploration like no other. After
he found the Americas there was massive colonization, giant trade increases and more resources
such as gold and silver were being surfaced. Europeans learned new agricultural techniques from the
indigenous people, the Europeans also acquired a large number of new crops to farm such as
potatoes, tomatoes, corn and cocoa. With all of the pros that the age of exploration brought to
Europeans it is hard for one to imagine that Christopher Columbus could be a villain. Could there
possibly be evil behind some of the wonderful discoveries of Christopher Columbus? The problem
is exactly what you just read, people only know the good things ... Show more content on
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The reason why the Native Americans were hit so hard by this disease was because their immune
systems were not strong enough to protect their bodies from contracting these diseases. When the
Europeans landed they brought diseases with them that were completely foreign to the Native
Americans immune systems and they were not ready to deal with all of the European diseases and as
a result the Native Americans acquired these diseases that they could not prevent or cure.
Christopher Columbus does not judge people upon their skill or personality, Christopher Columbus
chooses to judge people based upon whether he likes them or not. Christopher Columbus chose to
hire his brothers to look over his settlements while he was away exploring other lands. His brothers
were unqualified and were incapable of managing a settlement. Anarchy rose in their colony and the
three Columbus brothers were arrested and were sent to jail in Spain. The people you know best in
this world are your brothers and if you have the slightest suspicion that they cannot handle the
responsibility of managing a colony then somebody other than your should be chosen to lead a
colony. Leading a colony in a new world is a huge responsibility and Christopher Columbus trusted
his two incompetent brothers with that huge responsibility. When Christopher Columbus chose

Inventing the Caribbean: Columbus’s Creation of the Other...
Inventing the Caribbean: Columbus's Creation of the Other
Columbus's invasion of the Caribbean in 1492 brought Native American and European cultures
together for the first time in a startling encounter that reshaped the worldviews of both groups. In
The Conquest of America: The Question of the Other, Tzvetan Todorov seeks to understand the
ways in which the Spanish worldview shaped Columbus's perception of the natives of Hispaniola, as
he fashioned an other from his own sense of self. In Todorov's model, the other is defined in terms
of its correspondence, or lack thereof, to different facets of the self, including culture, language,
physiognomy, religion, and knowledge; furthermore, the other is valued, distanced, and ... Show
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Todorov contends that real interactions between the self and the other only occurred in the realms of
the natural and human spheres, wherein Columbus related to the material world and to living beings;
while no direct communication occurred in the divine sphere, the beliefs and values associated with
it ultimately affected Columbus's interactions with nature and man by creating a predisposition for
certain interpretations and judgments. The divine sphere of Columbus's worldview exercised a
preeminent influence on the other spheres as his faith, belief, and premonition served to create an
environment in which "the concrete experience [of nature and man] was there to illustrate a truth
already possessed" by way of faith (Todorov 17). Todorov finds that the material realms of man and
nature were forcibly interpreted to correspond to Columbus's preconceived ideas and expectations.
Although the invasion of the Caribbean brought the European self and the Arawak other into contact
for the first time, Todorov argues that Columbus's "discovery" and creation of the other was
ultimately a validation of what he already "knew" he would find.
Columbus's writings reveal that religious devotion and faith were central facets of his identity and,
indeed, may have been the impetus for his adventure to the Indies. Todorov finds that Columbus
undertook his mission in the

Squirrel Tamarin : A New World Monkey
Species Name: Saguinus imperator sciurus
Common Name: Squirrel Tamarin
Range Distribution: The Saguinus imperator sciurus is a recently found subspecies of the emperor
tamarin, which is a New World monkey. It has only been seen in the temperate climate forests at
higher altitude (8200–11500 inches) in the southern section of Andes in Argentina.
Physical features: Like emperor tamarin, the Saguinus imperator sciurus is a small primate, but the
Saguinus imperator sciurus is slightly larger. An adult Saguinus imperator sciurus can reach 11–12
inches, with a bushy tail of 15 to 17 inches. Its weight mostly falls into the range between 22–28 oz.
The name Saguinus imperator sciurus refers to the animal's resemblance to a squirrel, due to its
small–sized slender body, a bushy long tail, and brown–grey colored fur. The Saguinus imperator
sciurus's back and limbs are covered in brown–grey thick soft fur, but its abdominal area is usually
brownish–orange with black speckles on the chest. Similar to emperor tamarin, the Saguinus
imperator sciurus has curly white mustache, but it tends to be thinner like whiskers. On its face it
has two dark brown forward–facing eyes, and a short nose. However, like most New World
monkeys, the Saguinus imperator sciurus is also color–blind. The animal has claws on its toes and
fingers, expect for its great toes which have nails instead. Apart from that, The physical feature
differences including body sizes between the two sex are not

New World Monkeys
Did you know that monkeys are placed in groups? Monkeys are placed in group by many things that
they have. In this article it talks about how there are different monkeys, where they live, and how
they stick together. Different kinds of monkeys that are out there in the world. Monkey's are
separated in two groups based on how they look and where they live. Scientists call the two groups
old world and new world. The old world monkeys are different than the new world monkeys
because they need different specialties for the different places in the world. Many monkeys can live
in trees or on the ground. Where monkeys live. Monkeys adore to stay near the warmer places. For
example, most of South America, Africa, Mexico and a little bit of Asia and

Capuchin Monkeys: Most Intelligent And Adaptable New World
Introduction Physical Appearance Capuchin monkeys are known to be one of the most intelligent
and adaptable new world monkeys of all times. They have eight different subspecies and their
subfamily is known as the Cebinae, which includes a variety of other monkeys such as squirrel
monkeys, spider monkeys, wooley monkeys and wooley spider monkeys. Capuchin monkeys are
physically different from old world monkeys and new world monkeys. They've a dental formula of
2:1:3:3 which means they carry two incisors, one canine, three pre–molars and three molars. Their
nose shape is known as a playrrhine nose, a broad nasal spectrum with nostrils that are far apart and
open to the side. These monkeys are estimated to normally weight about six to twelve

Macaws Research Paper
In conversation with one of the Macaw trainers at the Animal Kingdom exhibit, I was told to be
careful in choosing the caging material type and surrounding environment (even a tree) for these
Beautiful Macaws. They are known to be very destructive to trees in their aviaries, and are quite
capable of biting into a coconut shell with their powerful beaks, so their cage must be heavy duty,
typically Zoo Mesh or 1:1 steel mesh. The macaws in the images here were trained to fly in from
more than a mile away, get their treats, and then take off and fly one foot above the heads of the
people in the audience, which they did very nicely; all twenty of them! Macaws can have a 4–foot
wingspan, giving the ability to fly at thirty–five MPH. The Macaws diet

Spider Monkeys Lab Report
Color Vision in Spider Monkeys
Objective:
To determine the color vision abilities of four individual spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi). Certain
New World monkeys, such as spider monkeys, vary in the types of color they can see. Furthermore,
the color vision abilities of these monkeys vary among individuals due to the differing genetics of
males, who have dichromatic vision and certain females who have trichromatic vision similar to
humans (Regan et al., 2005). Additionally, only one behavioral study has been conducted with
spider monkeys to test their color vision abilities (Ateles fusciceps and Ateles belzebuth; Blakeslee
& Jacobs, 1982). However, with a sample size of only two spider monkeys who were a different
species than the spider monkeys housed at the zoo, this research should be reinvestigated.
Ultimately, the implications of the study will give us more insight into spider monkey color vision
and increase opportunities for improved environmental enrichment for animals based on their
individual color abilities.
Procedure: We will use a match–to sample paradigm to test color vision. In the match–to sample
paradigm, animals are presented with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Initially, the animal will not be asked to discriminate between two boxes, but rather just touch the
only box presented to them after the delay. Once the animal learns touching the box presented to
them after the delay leads to reinforcement, we will begin to present two boxes of differing color to
the animals. In order to gain reinforcement at this stage of training, the animal must be able to
correctly discriminate color based on the sample they just previously saw. Due to an absence of
other studies to access information from, I am uncertain of how many sessions it will take before
this behavior is fully

Immigrant Reality Exposed in Bread Givers Essay
Immigrant Reality Exposed in Bread Givers
For thousands of years people have left their home country in search of a land of milk and honey.
Immigrants today still equate the country they are immigrating to with the Promised Land or the
land of milk and honey. While many times this Promised Land dream comes true, other times the
reality is much different than the dream. Immigration is not always a perfect journey. There are
many reasons why families immigrate and there are perception differences about immigration and
the New World that create difficulties and often separate generations in the immigrating family.
Anzia Yezierska creates an immigration story based on a Jewish family that is less than ideal.
Yezierska's text is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the family is packing to come to America, Mr. Smolinsky discourages his wife from bringing
her dishes by telling her that, "in the new golden country, where milk and honey flows free in the
streets, you'll have new golden dishes to cook in, and not weigh yourself down with your old pots
and pans" (9). He has an incredibly unrealistic picture of America. He even believes "all America
will come to my feet to learn" (9). Mr. Smolinsky expects, like many immigrants, that in America he
will not have to do anything, he will simply be rich. Unfortunately, his dream is quickly shattered
once in the United States.
The Smolinsky family soon discovers the difficulties that come with being immigrants in America.
Discrimination is one such problem. The family lives in an apartment building and they encounter
discrimination from the rent collector. The Smolinskys, because of financial problems, cannot pay
the rent regularly and when the landlady shows up on their doorstep, she is upset and says, "The
cheek of those dirty immigrants! A fool I was, giving them a chance another month" (17). These
words are a far cry from the father's expectation that "all America will come to my feet to learn" (9).
Discrimination is certainly not what the family expects upon their arrival in America. They expect a
welcome with open arms and what they receive is just the opposite.
The Smolinsky parents come to America with Old World ideals ingrained into them. They do not
take into

Titi Monkeys
While some Neotropical primate species use the forest floor extensively, others tend to exploit the
ground only when necessary. A recent overview of ground use by Pitheciidae covered Pitheciinae
(uacaris – Cacajao, cuxius – Chiropotes and sakis – Pithecia), but did not include titi monkeys
(Callicebiinae: Callicebus, Cheracebus and Plecturocebus). However, unlike the generally high–
canopy Pitheciinae, members of the Callibiinae often use low forest strata and disturbed fragments,
putting them in closer contact with the ground, but the terrestrial repertoire of this group is so far
unknown. We provide a comprehensive review that combines existing literature with unpublished
data and field observations of terrestrial behavior to encompass a total of 72 titi monkey studies
from 55 locations in South America. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We investigated whether terrestrial behavior in titi monkeys is affected by study duration, group
habituation, fruit availability, presence/absence of humans and predators, and forest height. Titi
monkeys used the ground to perform many standard activities, such as resting, moving, feeding, and
geophagy, as well as to disperse between forest

Holden's Transition Into an Adult
There is a moment in every child's life where he or she realizes that growing up is not as desirable as
they once thought. Before this moment they fantasize about not having a bedtime or driving or
finally being able to drink. But then they feel the weight of the adult world with its responsibilities
and restrictions of a society that doesn't value the individual and expects its citizens to morph into
mature, controllable adults. This is the time parents hate, the time when their children try to rebel or
run away to escape their future as adults, but time, alas, cannot be outrun. The adult world expects
many things of its inhabitants–a job, a family, taxes, sex, and much more. Unfortunately, most
young adults feel as though they will be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That, however, wouldn't solve anything because he knows deep down that would never happen.
Sally points out that his plan is not practical. Holden wouldn't be able to keep himself alive for
longer than a week if he just packed up and moved to the wilderness. And he would still need to
communicate with adults to get the supplies he wanted even if he did pretend to be a deaf–mute.
Sally's flat out refusal of the plan shows the qualities of a sure thinking adult, and that is why he
calls her the queen of phonies–because she's already acting like an adult. Physiologists say that girls
mature faster than boys do so it would make sense that Holden is avoiding the adult world instead or
embracing it like Sally. But Holden already knew Sally's personality from previous encounters. Jane,
however, he is not too sure about. Another thing that Holden is afraid might have changed is Jane
Gallagher. Throughout the novel Holden is searching for a person to call and almost calls her but
time after time he puts it off by saying that he's "not in the mood" (Salinger 59). Holden doesn't
want to call Jane and find out that she has changed since the last time they were together. Holden
would rather live with a memory of a girl who won't move the last row of checkers than get to know
Jane all over again. Holden doesn't want to face it, but his world is losing its innocence–Sally, Jane,
and even Holden are maturing, even if it is at different rates. Holden is dimly aware that in the

Baboon Experience
Started out like normal– gathered the MV and Baboon carts. Corrine is on MV today and I am with
Philip. There was a little meeting this morning about what was going on. There was nothing out of
the ordinary in the conversation.
I cleaned Baboon and Mandrill, cleaned the glass, then swept in Mandrill holding after Philip had
given the Mandrills their breakfast. They did not want to go out so they were given access to the
scale. I swept Baboon side after Philip had given them their breakfast and medication and then sent
them out. Note: Moja did not want to take his medication and spilled it out onto the floor. They did
not want to go out either so they were given tunnel access. Only Moja came in but he shortly left.
They both received ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is browse for tonight at the Baboon/Mandrill building. For their BE– Oatmeal, Paper
products: Toilet Paper, paper towel holders and phone books with honey.
At the Gibbons when I went to put their PM feed in the boomer ball I could not find it. It turns out
that one of them had taken it up to the highest ledge where niether Philip or myself could reach it.
Observed B/W and for a little while as they were acting a bit odd. As we were heading over to the
Red Ruffs, Philip mentioned that there are a pair of swans that have a nest off to the side of center
lake and that they were getting nasty with people so the eggs will need to be removed by the DNR.
The swans were on the Red Ruff island and in order to avoid them I was told to place the food on
top of the night house. When I was finished with placing the food out when Catta got really close to
me. I quickly backed away because I did not want her to get aggressive with me since I did not have
any food left in the

New World Capuchin Monkeys
Introduction. In society we have lived most of our lives assuming that monkeys are all the same,
there are no distinguishing factors about them at all except that they climb trees and eat bananas.
However researching about the Capuchin monkeys has taught me many things that make them so
unique from all the other types of monkeys. They are a part of the New World monkeys and have
unique traits about them as well. They are considered to be the most intelligent, and are known to
have the capability to adapt in the wild and captive environments. The physical features of the
Capuchin are that they possess the color black on their arms and legs and tail. While the rest of the
body is white. The geographic location is not exactly known however they ... Show more content on
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We know that the Wild capuchins, rely on stones to break the objects they want to consume, because
it's the most ideal object to use. Plus they don't use the stick for a method of finding food, unless
they find it necessary to do. With the Captive Capuchin it seems that they are much more
intelligence than the wild ones, when they insert the stick within the ground they actually take their
time within eating the insects because, they know that they can potentially bite the Capuchin before
they eat them, thus they are more careful within their eating. Plus they are able to understand that
they should remove the leaves or bark from the stick they are using for maximum amounts the
While the Wild ones just go for it, and eats it as fast as he can because he wants the food for
survival. As we can tell that there methods are quite similar when it comes into finding food, but
ultimately the biggest difference was the intelligence within their choices, while the Wild things to a
certain degree, but he doesn't think ahead as the captive. Which is ultimately due to the
environment, with the environment we can see that there are many different changes within the
Capuchins which are mentally and

To Kill A Mockingbird Presence Of Animals Essay
With a lightning strike, the long, lance–like bill of a white stork jabs through the marsh grass and
snatches up the singing frog. In an instant, the tireless music–maker becomes the dinner of a spy.
White storks are master eavesdroppers. They rely on the songs of moor frogs to guide them when
they're hunting. The birds are so skillful that they can stealthily follow frog sounds to within two or
three strides of an unsuspecting singer. Some spies can intercept signals sent by plants. Bright
flowers invite bees and other animals to come for a meal of pollen or nectar (and to pollinate the
plants at the same time). Scientists believe that the most symmetrical flowers–where each half
mirrors the other like two sides of a face–help ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They can tell the alarm from other songs and calls and will dash for cover when they hear it. Some
animal snoops are born recognizing the warning signals of different creatures; others, such as bonnet
macaques, have to learn. These monkeys of southern India often pal around with langur monkeys.
Langurs are good lookouts, and macaques will quickly scramble up a tree when they overhear a
langur warning cry–as long as the macaques have learned the correct langur language. Scientists say
bonnet macaques at one animal reserve[9] respond to recorded Nilgiri langur alarm shrieks but are
slower to flee after a similar cry by Hanuman langurs–which would rarely be seen there. Farther
north, only Hanuman langurs are common and bonnet macaques there have learned the opposite
langur language. They jump at the sound of Hanuman warnings but are less bothered by Nilgiri
cries. Eavesdropping on the alarm signals of other animals is useful, but spying on predators directly
also has advantages. Geometrid moths, for instance, are slow, night–flying moths that can be easily
overtaken by hunting bats. To make up for their sluggish speed, the moths have espionage

Squirrel Monkey Observation
Started to gather the diets when all of the keepers joined me. We had our meeting just outside of the
commissary.
Meeting:
Alex is doing fine. We are approved to allow the new male Cotton–top to stay in the back at
Tamarin, but we do not know when he is due to arrive. I showed my new feeders to the group and
we will use them this afternoon for Squirrel monkey BE.
Made visual rounds and then began cleaning the exhibits. Since it is the first of the month Philip has
to get the weights of all of the animals on this string. He wanted me to get Mandrills completed first,
since Pearl is the hardest to get a weight on.
–Why is Pearl the hardest to get a weight on?
She does not like standing on the scale.
I cleaned the exhibit and moved the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were really curious about the scale and Jasper, as it is breeding season, was scent marking the
scale when he was done.
Gibbons: they were fine as well. Tomorrow we will be taking out my new feeders to see how they
work out. When getting weighed Enki did not want to get off of the scale for China.
Back at baboon:
Gave everyone their lunch and completed the dishes. I then cleaned both of the bedrooms in the
nighthouse.
Went to give the Squirrel Monkey's their BE. I had to sanitize the feeders first. We added shredded
paper and the worms. Put twin on the hooks and Philip hung them so I could take video for my
project folder. They went crazy with the feeders and trying to figure out how to get to the worms.
Tuvok was bouncing everywhere and on everyone. We observed them for about 20 minutes.
Lunch
Computer time and Philip asked me to cut up Ankavia's Fluconazole pills and put them into
capsules.
Once that was complete, we went to the islands to pass out their evening diet. On our way out Philip
noticed that the sprinklers were running. They should not have been because they are scheduled to
go off in the morning. Everything went well at the islands except that Philip was trying to get ahold
of someone to turn off the

Mandrill Morphology
Mandrills, or also known by their scientific name Mandrillus sphinx, live in the rain forests of
equatorial Africa, (San Diego Balboa Zoo, Mandrill exhibit/plaques, 2018). The Mandrill
Morphology: The mandrill has a distinct dental formula of 2:1:2:3, located on the maxilla and
mandible, which categorizes this primate to be in the catarrhine parvorder. All Old World monkeys,
apes, and humans share this very same 2.1.2.3 dental formula. They are well known for their
enormous canine teeth, which can be over 2 inches, roughly 5 centimeters long. Each tooth is vital
for the madrills survival, "the pointed canines are used to pierce and tear at fruits or nuts meanwhile
the premolars (or bicuspids) and molars, with their multiple cusps, are used to grind and smash
food" (The Primates: Monkeys, 2013). There are very distinct differences between the male and
female Mandrills, especially in this exhibit. "An adult male mandrill that has the brightest and most
distinctive colors on his face seems to be most attractive to females...They have thick ridges along
the nose that are purple and blue, red lips and nose, and a golden beard....[while the] adult females
have duller colors and longer muzzles. They are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Bonobos are more comfortable walking upright than chimpanzees are. They also keep their white
rump patch for life, while the patch darkens with age on chimpanzees, (San Diego Zoo, 2018). They
can move quadrupedally by knuckle–walking just like gorillas but on the ground but a bonobo can
walk bipedally just as humans can. "Bonobos and chimpanzees look very similar and both share
98.7% of their DNA with humans–making the two species our closest living relatives. Bonobos are
usually a bit smaller, leaner and darker than [the common] chimpanzees," (World Wildlife Fund,
2018). An easy way to distinguish one is by their hairless black faces, red lips, and parted long hair,
all features that are almost human

Descriptive Essay On St. Kitt
You are relaxing on a beautiful Island beach in the middle of the Caribbean. You're reading your
favorite book, and enjoying a nice fruity cocktail you bought from the bar. You set your drink down
to turn the page, but when you reach back for another sip, your drink is mysteriously missing.
Nobody else is in site, so where could it have gone? Then, you look towards the palm trees and in
the distance you see a furry little critter scurrying on his hind legs indulging in your delicious
cocktail. Now, this Caribbean island of St. Kitts is home to plenty of extraordinary things, like lush
tropical rain forests, white–sand beaches, picturesque mountain tops, and striking volcanoes, but
never have you seen anything like a furry little animal with such a taste for alcohol. A number of
animals inhabit this island, including iguanas, bats, barracudas, sea turtles, and countless species of
birds. Except, there is one particular animal wreaking havoc on this dreamy island getaway. That
animal– the cheeky one that stole your cocktail– is none other than the vervet monkey.
On St. Kitts you will find troops of vervet monkeys with a bit of an alcohol problem. So much so
that they have learned to steal alcohol from bars and unsuspecting tourists in order to become
obnoxiously drunk. After getting their fix, these monkeys exhibit the typical inebriated behavior that
comes with alcohol. You can see them rolling on the ground, falling out of trees, and even damaging
property. However, not all

Pocahontas Essay examples
Many moons ago, an Indian girl was not yet born but there were many problems with Indians and
the white man as the Indians. This unborn child would become a huge part of colony history
between the Indians and the English; this child was to be recognized in history by many different
names the most famous name would be Pocahontas. The book I read was about Pocahontas by
Grace Steele Woodward. This book covers many different subjects in Pocahontas's life. The book
begins with a background of The Powhatans, Pocahontas's people. She was not just a little Indian
girl but the daughter of a very powerful chief. Before she was born Chief Powhatan claim many of
the lands around and near the James Pensile and up through the Chesapeake Bay area. He ... Show
Her secret name only known by her tribesmen was Matoax meaning &quot;Little Snow
Feather&quot;. (Woodward, 20) During The first days of Jamestown, Pocahontas started to
watch and observed the new strangers in her land. She starts to see how they ran life and govern
themselves. Pocahontas was still very young when the first settles land at Jamestown. When she
starting visiting the colony there were only about 100 Englishmen, the Anglican chaplain, and the
twelve labors. Pocahontas was mostly intrigue with Captain John Smith. Smith was a dashing young
26–year–old. Captain Newport arrested Smith on route to Jamestown for inciting mutiny among
some of the crewmen on the ship Susan Constant. Smith was released after landing at Jamestown
but Smith could not take the oath of allegiance to King James or sit with the council until June 10,
when he was cleared of all charges. (Woodward, 55) John Smith, to Pocahontas, was the most
approachable of all the English colonists. He took the initiative to learn the Powhatan language and
try to communicate between the Indians and the colonists. Smith also knew that the Indians could
help the colonists in their time of need. Pocahontas's father was a little less interested in talking t the
white man. He felt that they would bring destruction to his great empire and

The Forest : The Endangered Muriqui Moneys Of Brazil
Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Moneys of Brazil is an informational book written by
Karen B. Strier in 1992. Published by Harvard University Press on May 5, 1999. Karen is currently
a professor and a researcher of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin– Madison. Her work
predominantly focuses on primate ecology and the understanding of primate behavior. Not only does
she wish to truly understand the reasoning behind primate behavior, she also wants to prevent their
extinction, specifically the muriqui monkeys of Brazil. Various awards and honors have been
presented to Professor Strier for her fieldwork, including the Hilldale Award, Kellet MidCareer
Award, Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award and an election into ... Show more content on
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She describes her introduction to Karen and continues to depict professor Strier's workmanship,
ethic, diligence, and the contributions she made to students in Brazil and to all of those who had
been given the opportunity of reading her first book.
The acknowledgements follow the foreword. In this section, Karen thanks everyone involved in her
path to the muriqui and discusses the culmination of events and people that led her to initiating her
research. Her graduate advisor, Irven DeVore was responsible for the inspiration that led to the glory
of a book I get to review.
Preceding the first chapter is the introduction, which is roughly four and a half page long. It contains
a very detailed scenario of a frightening experience Karen had with a male muriqui during her
fieldwork. A male monkey came rushing toward her then all of sudden stopped and made some sort
of call. Three female muriquis from a different group appeared and came to Karen's aid. This
incident is what transformed professor Strier's predominantly scientific question based research into
a passion. Seeing those three female muriqui monkeys in captivity is what led to the motivation of
her conservation efforts.
The first chapter is 9 pages long with two pages dedicated to images of muriqui in trees. One of the
two is a photograph while the other is a poorly drawn picture that made me giggle. Actually, there
are quite a few poorly drawn pictures the readers will enjoy. The first five

Monkey Village Monologue
Monkey Village– Keeper Amy, however, she called in and I was placed with Keeper Debbie,
covered for Amy, in the morning and Danyelle, Baboon and Mandrill string, in the afternoon.
Note from yesterday while out to Siamnag I asked
How do you know so much about the plants used for browse? Is because you recognized them after
being a keeper for so long or have you studied them?
–Yes, I do recognize them after being a keeper for 12 years, but I also took a class in high school
where they dropped you off in the desert and you had to find your way back by any means. They
had us do a research paper and mine was on desert fauna with medical and edible applications. I also
like to know what I am looking at and will research plants even while I am ... Show more content on
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This is because the male is a little crazy and is on medication to help with that aggression. They
separated the smaller female because she needs more calories in her diet because she is so small.
Moja, the male, is given a variety of medication in a sippy cup. He puts the whole thing in his mouth
and then spits out the cup. He is on the most amount of medication on this string.
That is a very long list of medication, has it even been shorter?
–Yes, at one point in time there was only one item on that list. In my years being here there has
never not been anything on that list. The best part is that this is the short version of the list as other
medications are held at other locations in the zoo.
Once 5 o'clock hit she opened the doors to the mandrill holding. Gave them their food and grapes
for shifting.
She did the same thing with the baboons. The difference between the mandrills and the baboons is
that the mandrill female is not separated from her brother where the female baboons are. In order
shift the females without the 5 getting into a fight they reward Moja with grapes for waiting while
Danyelle opens the other gates to let the females shift into other parts of their holding.
After hosing down the ramps and checking all the locks we left. She took cart to a charging dock
and told me that we were done for the

Taxonomy And Conservation : Olive Baboons
A. Taxonomy and Conservation: Olive Baboons
The olive baboon is a primate under the family Cercopithecidae, and a member of the baboon genus
Papio. Its unique, scientific name is Papio anubis. Baboons are also categorized under the clade
Haplorrhini, and subfamily Cercopithecinae (old world monkeys). There are only 5 species of
baboons, the relationships of which are still highly disputed. This argument is due to the difficulty of
defining a species (Newman et al., 2004). Under the biological species concept, a species must be
reproductively isolated from others. Since these baboons have an obvious and stable hybrid zone,
they cannot be considered species under that definition (Alberts and Altmann, 2001; Phillips et al.,
1991). This has lead to the production of different phylogenies, considering the baboons under
different species than their current classifications. However, new mitochondrial genetic research by
places the olive baboons and yellow baboons as the newest species, followed by hamaydras, guinea
and chacma. The olive baboon is, therefore, most closely related to the yellow baboons (Newman et
al., 2004).
According to the IUCN redlist, these baboons are of least concern, meaning their population is at the
lowest level of risk. P. anubis resides in ranges across Sub–Saharan Africa (Shefferly, 2004). This
range is the largest of all baboons and has a significant
McCaskey 2 impact on the success of the species. The olive baboons also live in a wide range of

What Classification Does The Grey Shanked Douc Langur Fall...
There are numerous types of monkeys in the world today, with all of them being placed in two
groups.They fall under either the new world primates who inhabit South and Central America, and
the old world primates who populate Asia and Africa ( http://www.arkive.org/ ). The major
difference between the two is that have tails of the new world primates can latch onto and clench
tree branches and objects whereas the others cannot. Another difference is the opposable thumbs
which the old world primates possess, and the new world monkeys do not. What classification does
the Grey–Shanked Douc Langur fall under? What are its origins, traits and other information
pertaining to this species? This project pertains to the pygathrix cinerea or which it is more
commonly know as the grey– shanked douc Monkey . It falls under the animalia kingdom, the
chordata phylum, the mammalia class, the primates order, and the cercopithecidae family, the
pygathrix genus,and the pygathrix nemaues species ( http://www.departments.bucknell.edu ). The
body, and the majority of the arms, and lower legs are light grey with a paler underside, and their
shoulders, upper legs, and part of their buttocks are marked with white patches. Their feet and hands
are black while having the bare skin on their face being yellowish brown, and the areas around the
mouth and chin which is white. Long white fur borders the sides of their face with a slanting eye,
and their throats are white with an orange collar encircled

The Horn Of Africa
Hamadryas baboons currently inhabit Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea – comprising
the location we call the Horn of Africa (Swedell 2006). Their habitation can also be found in the
southwestern portion of Arabian Peninsula and Saudi Arabia (Swedell 2006). The Hamadryas
baboons –sometimes called "desert baboon" lives in dry, desert–like environment that distinguish
them from other types of baboons (i.e mountain baboons and savanna baboons). Belonging to the
genus Papio, part of the subfamily Cercopithecinae, five known species of baboons (Hamadryas,
Guinea, Olive, and Yellow) all are distributed across the African continent (Swedell 2006). Each
species' territory consists of a distinct hybridization zone overlapping other ... Show more content on
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& Ehardt, T.). In conservation, Hamadryas baboons are in Yangudi Rassa National Park, Harar
Wildlife Sanctuary, Awash Valley, and Northern Eritrea (Gippoliti, S. & Ehardt, T.)
The diet and feeding behavior of the Hamadryas consist primarily of doum palm trees (Hypaene
thebaica), leaves, flowers, pods, seeds of Acacia Senegal, A. Mellifera, and Grewia berries (Swedell
2006). Their diet seems to consist of herbivorous foods but there are reports that Abyssinia hares
(Lepus Capensis Habessinicus), small mammals such as dik–dik, and infants of larger ungulates
such as gazelles, are also a source of food for the Hamadryas (Swedell 2006). There are little to no
food competition between Hamadryas baboons due to the fact that food sources are sufficiently
dispersed and the population is divided into small foraging groups (Swedell 2006).
The estimated home range size of Hamadryas baboon is from 9.3 km2 to 28 km2 (Swedell
2006). This numerical estimate changes in relation to season (increase in home range during the wet
season allows for greater vegetation and food abundance and shorter home range in dry season with
decrease in abundance of food) (Swedell 2006).
Hoang 2

Hoang 3
Traveling population prefers to travel where there is running water (Altmann 1970). Though the
baboons travel close to running water, they "actively avoid the water itself. When their route
requires that they cross a waterway, they usually travel along it until they find a spot where it is
narrow

The Advantages of Color Vision Essay
When we think of color vision, we imagine the variety of colors the human eye can see. Perhaps
people may believe having color vision is a huge benefit for animals as opposed to having
dichromatic or even monochromatic vision. If that would be the case, then why do not all the
animals have color vision? A thought to keep in mind is what is the purpose of seeing color for
animals. We will dive deeper into how color vision may play a role in the lives of animals and
humans. The different groups of animals we will examine are the marine animals, wild Neotropical
monkeys, primates, and humans as well. The first area that will be covered will be animals with
monochromatic vision. We must know what it means to have monochromatic vision before ... Show
The heterozygote superiority hypothesis is in question because it states that animals that have
trichromatic vision have a "fitness advantage" over those that do not (Fedigan 1). This is referring to
animals who have less than three cones of vision. There is a group of wild Neotropical monkeys that
have polymorphic vision. This means the group has members that either have dichromatic or
trichromatic vision. The thought is the trichromatic members can find fruits or fresh leaves better
than those with dichromatic vision because of distinguishable colors of fruit that can be seen with
trichromatic vision (Fedigan 1). This idea fits the heterozygote superiority hypothesis. At first the
hypothesis seemed correct based on a study that used tamarins because the one with the three cones
of vision was able to spot patches of food more easily. The issue that comes into play is that there is
no good evidence for wild populations. Work that was done on Capuchins to see who had an
advantage on feeding based on the type of vision they had. The result was that neither seemed to
have a significant advantage over the other. Because animals are able to use other senses when
foraging for food "trichromacy may in fact provide little advantage" (Bunce 1060). More studies
were conducted by Linda Fedigan to find out the survival rate of infants whose mother had either
trichromatic or dichromatic vision. The

Spider Monkeys
One of the prevailing theories about why primates have such good color vision is that it allowed
them to pick out fruits against the green backgrounds of forests and jungles (Osorio et al., 2004).
New World monkey color vision is an evolutionary puzzle because the same evolutionary pressures
for finding food should act similarly on both sexes.
According to van Roosmalen (1985), it is a hypothesized that dominant female spider monkeys lead
the group to food sources, suggesting why there may be a difference in these animals due to their
ecology. As there is only one study to date about spider monkey color vision and it was based on one
male and one female monkey, this study will add to our knowledge about whether spider monkeys
have similar

Analysis Of Isbell And Wright's Night Watch On The Amazon
Introduction Isbell and Wright's articles both focus on monkey species and their native
environments, Africa for Isbell's (1994) vervet Old World monkey and South America, Peru area, for
Wright's (1994) owl and titis monkeys. The articles main focus is the relationship between these
monkeys and their natural predators. Focusing on how the predator aspect of their lives is
determined by their environment and adaptations they make to ensure survival. Isbell's Vervets Year
of Doom focuses more on the adaptations that was forced upon the vervets' because of their
changing environment, the death of fever trees. While Wright's Night Watch on the Amazon
focusses more on how the primates way of life affects their relationship with predators and the
likelihood of attacks. Both articles have similar aspects however the species way of life, specifically
their environment and sleep schedule, are quite different as well as the authors way of observing and
studying the primates within their habitats. Summarize: Within Lynne Isbell's article The Vervets '
Year of Doom she explains the significant decrease within the vervet, an Old World monkey,
population within its natural environment in Amboseli Nation Park, Kenya (Isbell, 1994, p. 128).
The piece explains that the diurnal monkey's prominently live in trees, fever trees to be specific and
because of the short life span of the trees there is a strong correlation between the decreasing
amount of fever trees and the large decline of

Communication Between Rhesus Infants And Their Non...
Using the phrase "instinct" very liberally creates many issues when discussing the behaviors of non–
human primates, and in this case mothering rhesus macaques. To determine the source of the
disturbed agonistic behavior of the mother rhesus toward her offspring, one must first look at the
environmental conditions in which the mother rhesus was reared as an infant. The correlation
between environmental conditions and behavioral tendencies of the mother rhesus can be observed
in the behavioral differences of the mother rhesus and related members of the group, owing to
differencing environmental conditions. In addition, one must consider exactly how certain behaviors
are used as a means of communication and socialization between individuals, as various gestures,
vocalizations, and facial expressions are a common means of communication between members of a
social group. Observing the various signal–response communication between rhesus infants and
their non–agonistic mothers, and comparing that communication to that of infants and the rhesus
agonistic mothers, could give possible insight in the cues that infants give to their mothers for
interactions, such as feeding. Collected social observations from these agonistic mothers may
suggest that "maternal instincts" are not genetically determined, but instead greatly influenced by
the social structure and environment that the mother, as an infant, was reared in. One of the
variables that should be considered to have a heavy

The Hot, Sandy Desert
Papio vulcanus can only be found in the scorching range of the Sahara. Compared to its relatives
mostly found scattered all over Africa as well as East Asia, the Papio vulcanus dwells in the extreme
environment due to its specific lifestyle and necessities. The baboon is capable of surviving blazing
temperatures. The Fire baboon is a subfamily in the Cercopithecidae family, closely related to the
Papio hamadryas or Hamadryas baboon species. The hot, sandy desert offers very limited resources
for Fire Baboons to survive on, however that is not a problem due to their extremely efficient
physique. But nonetheless, the climate does provide certain amenities such as cacti that contain
refreshing liquids, diverse animal groups that are fitting for the dietary needs of the Papio vulcanus
such as insects, reptiles and small mammals ("Live Science Web," 2012). Although the majority of
its relatives live in tropical climates all around East Asia, the Papio vulcanus is the only species of
its kind to be able to live and thrive within such a harsh environment of intense heat hence its name.
The Papio vulcanus is at the top of the food chain in regards to the animals existing in the desert.
The baboon is capable of surviving the intense heat during the day as well as give off heat to warm
itself and its surrounding area during the freezing temperatures of the night. The Papio vulcanus
hunts mostly during the night due to its ability to sense heat signatures given off by

Howard Zinn Chapter One Essay
Columbus has always been portrayed as an enlightened, peaceful explorer who "discovered" a new
world, and became friends with the native people. Howard Zinn's view on Columbus's encounter
with the natives is an entirely different perspective. Zinn describes Columbus as a man who is
willing to torture and kill others to be able to accomplish what he wants; in this case he wanted to
obtain gold and other resources to take back with him to Spain. When Columbus and his men
arrived to the islands, he noticed that the natives were generous, and accommodating because they
willingly traded everything they owned and brought them such things like: food, water, and gifts.
Since the beginning the natives offered all of their hospitality to Columbus ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
He became desperate to pay the dues back to the king and queen, so he order every native older than
fourteen to collect a certain quantity of gold by three months. Once they had collected the amount,
they would receive a copper to put around their neck, those without it had their hands cut off and
bled to death. Many felt it was impossible to do this, and tried escaping but were always found and
killed. When it was finally clear that there was no gold left, they took them all as slave labor to huge
estates which are called encomiendas. Columbus's big plan for Hispaniola since the beginning was
to take advantage of the natives and take their land, and the gold he believed was located there. He
built the first fort in the Western Hemisphere, and left some of his men to find and store gold there.
Columbus had to ask for a little more help from their majesties, he convinced them by saying he
would take them "as much gold as they need ... and as many slaves as they ask" (Zinn,6 )
Columbus's plans affected the natives, in many ways; first of all they were going to lose their land,
and also they were going to be taken captive for slave labor.
Howard Zinn not only introduced a new perspective on Christopher Columbus, but he changed the
way I viewed things. I never knew how much killings, and torture was put upon the natives in the
searching of the "New World". I learned how the hero I thought Columbus was, in reality was more
like a villain. He didn't

The Mandrill Primate And The Primate
Writing Assignment: The Mandrill Primate For this assignment, I have decided to design an
enclosure about the primate, Mandrill. I will, in words, describe an enclosure that will prevent these
nonhuman primates from not being suited to their natural habitat needs. Throughout this assignment,
I will design my very own version of a perfect enclosure that secures these primates by critically
thinking of any psychological or physical problems that can occur. What also will need to partake is
considering the perspective of the nonhuman primates, the zookeepers, and the visitors as well.
Designing an enclosure has to be precise and detailed. I will do the best I can to be as detailed as I
can be when designing this enclosure. First, to be able to design an enclosure, we must know a little
about our species that will be in it. Well, the Mandrill is a type of primate of the Old World monkey
family and are usually found in parts of South American, specifically Cameroon, Gabon, Guinea,
and Congo (Wikipedia). The Mandrill is known for their colorful characteristics that vary in colors
from blue to violet and also have a scarlet color alongside the bridge and end of their nose
(Britannica). In my opinion, the mandrills are considered to be the most unique and interesting
primates that I have seen and that are why I have decided to write about them. The mandrill is
formerly grouped with the baboons. So, what happens to a nonhuman primate when the zoo
enclosure does not suit

Red Ruffs Research Paper
I gathered the Monkey Village cart while waiting for Philip. Philip showed me how to gather the
diets for the Baboon/Mandrill string. All the buckets and bowls are placed on the second shelf.
There are buckets for Baboons, Mandrills, Gibbons, Black and White Lemurs and Red ruff lemurs.
He told me that Grady gets a banana slice and a melon slice for Skye for medication purposes and
that the gibbons and black and white lemurs get a banana. The red ruffs do not get the banana. After
that we left for the morning meeting. There were a few notes such as the changes that will occur in
March. The hours will shift since March is there busy season and the late keeper will make sure that
they are getting species in on time. There will also ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These three islands contain the Gibbons, Red ruff and black and white lemurs. They can go almost
anywhere on their little island as both the red ruffs and black and whites were greeting us as we
approached their islands. They went into their night houses without any issue. I stayed away from
each species until I was instructed to get closer. I gather all feces. Each has a different type of feces.
The red ruffs have extremely pungent feces, the black and whites have more liquid consistent feces
while the gibbons, feces were a solid form. Cleaned the red ruffs night cubes and today is not a
disinfect day. All three species got boomer balls for their BE. The gibbons are arboreal and upon
approaching their island they were completing array of locomotion. At gibbons, Philip gave me
some of their food to observer their behavior and what we are not supposed to do when the female,
China, acts up. I gave Enik his berries first and then I gave China hers. She stretched out her are and
that is a negative behavior and I was instructed to wait till she had placed her arm back into the night
house before I gave her the berries. Once they were locked in we went out on exhibit I was asked to
clean all feces up this included the gibbons and the bird feces. Cleaned their night house and today
is not a disinfect day. It is designed a lot like the Siamang night house. Cleaned the all the bird feces
at the entrance last. Cleaned the black and white feces, placed BE and their water bowl. I had to be
on the boat while Philip cleaned their night cubes. Since their island is the smallest their night cubes
are on a platform off the

Howler Monkey Research Paper
i. The mandrill (Mandrillus sphinx) is a primate of the Old World monkey (Cercopithecoidea)
family. It is one of two species assigned to the genus Mandrillus, along with the drill. Both the
mandrill and the drill were once classified as baboons in the genus Papio, but they now have their
own genus, Mandrillus. ii. Mandrills will make a "silent, bared–teeth face", in which the teeth bared,
the head crest is erect and the head shakes. This may serve as a peaceful form of communication. A
mandrill submits by presenting its rump. With aggression, mandrills will stare, bob their heads, and
slap the ground. They usually use vocalizations. iii. Opposable thumbs; No tails; Flehmen in the
mandrill serves to mediate social or reproductive information, we expected its occurrence to vary
with characteristics of either the signaler or receiver.
iv. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They live throughout Africa, on the Red Sea coast of Arabia, and in Asia from Afghanistan to Japan
and southeast to the islands of the Philippines, Celebes, Bacan, and Timor.
b. Howler Monkeys
i. Howler monkey is the common name for the tropical, arboreal New World monkeys comprising
the genus Alouatta of the primate family Atelidae, characterized by prehensile, thickly furred tails,
completely black faces, a stout build, relatively large size, and loud howling calls. Their loud roars
can be heard by humans even three miles away through the dense jungle, and they have been called
the loudest animals in the New World. Alouatta is the only genus in the subfamily Alouattinae. ii.
These New World monkeys rely on olfactory signals for many aspects of social and reproductive
behavior. Specialized glands are used to mark territories with pheromones, which are detected by the
vomer nasal; this process forms a large part of the communication behavior of this primate. Findings
suggest that olfactory communication in mantled howler monkeys plays an essential role in the
context of reproduction and possibly in social

The Forest : The Endangered Muriqui Moneys Of Brazil
Faces in the Forest: The Endangered Muriqui Moneys of Brazil is an educational book written by
Karen B. Strier in 1992. Published by Harvard University Press on May 5, 1999. Karen is currently
a professor and a researcher of anthropology at the University of Wisconsin– Madison. Her work
predominantly focuses on primate ecology and the understanding of primate behavior. Not only does
she wish to truly understand the reasoning behind primate behavior, she also wants to prevent their
extinction, specifically the muriqui monkeys of Brazil. Various awards and honors have been
presented to Professor Strier for her fieldwork, including the Hilldale Award, Kellet MidCareer
Award, Chancellor's Distinguished Teaching Award and an election into the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
She describes her introduction to Karen and continues to depict professor Strier's workmanship,
ethic, diligence, and the contributions she made to students in Brazil and to all of those who had
been given the opportunity of reading this book.
The acknowledgements follow the foreword. In this section, Karen thanks everyone involved in her
path to the muriqui one way or another and discusses how she was introduced to her research. Her
graduate advisor, Irven DeVore was responsible for the inspiration that led to the glory of a book I
get to review.
Preceding chapter 1 is the introduction, which is roughly 4.5 pages long. It contains a very detailed
scenario of a frighten experiences Karen had with a male muriqui during her field research. A male
monkey came rushing toward her then all of sudden stopped and made some sort of call. Three
female muriquis from a different group appeared and came to Karen's aid. This incident is what
transformed professor Strier's predominantly scientific question based research into a passion.
Seeing those three female muriqui monkeys in captivity is what led to the motivation behind this
book and all of her conservation efforts.
The first chapter is 9 pages long with two pages dedicated to images of muriqui in trees. One of the
two is a photography while the other is a poorly drawn picture that made me giggle. Pages 1–5
comprises of informational content that functions as structural foundation. It gives the background

Similarities And Differences Between Apes And Ateles...
Melissa Pineda
May 7, 2015
Comparison Report
Lagothrix and Ateles belzebuth Primates have been around for as long as we can remember and
throughout time they have been classified in specific groups depending on their order and family.
These classifications have given people the opportunity to study primates more in depth according
to their demography, diet and social system by comparing them to one another. Spider monkeys and
Woolly monkeys have branched out from the New world group. But most importantly there are
other categories of monkey's within the spider and woolly monkey's that have given us a deeper
understanding of primates and their natural lives. In particular, the Lagothrix and Ateles belzebuth.
Although, both the Lagothrix and the Ateles Belzebuth monkey's land under the New World
category their behavioral strategies are different.
Life History:
They both come from the subfamily Atelinae. Woolly monkey and the spider monkey are found in
South America. The A. belzebuth are most likely to be found in the northeastern portion of the
Amazonian in South America (Eisenberg, 1989; Emmons, 1997). They tend to live in the upper
levels of tall forests and can be found at a maximum elevation of 1,800 meter. On the other hand,
Lagothrix is mostly found in the Neotropics of northern South America up the Magdalena River
Valley in Columbia (Eisen
berg 1989; Em
mons & Feer 1990; Moyni
han 1976). They are commonly
found 3,000 meters above sea level in the Andes but live in

The Necklace, A Monkey's Paw, And The Gift Of Magi
"The Necklace," "A Monkey's Paw," and "The Gift of Magi" all have a distinctive technique that
leads to a deeper meaning of the story. The technique of "The Necklace" is represented by
symbolism of the necklace. In "A Monkey's Paw," the technique that is seen is foreshadowing. In
"The Gift of Magi," irony is the technique that is noticed throughout the story. All three short stories
deal with the irony of consequence. Each story involved a major decision and in each case the result
of the decision was incredibly unexpected. Through symbolism, foreshadowing, and irony the
authors conclude that what's inside the heart is far more important than material wealth. In "The
Necklace" Mathilde is a poor young woman who idolizes beautiful things ... Show more content on
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If she would've been proud of her inner beauty and not so focused on wealth and status, then her life
would have been so much more rewarding. She learned the incredibly tough consequence of not
Madame Forester about losing the necklace. Her decision cost herself time and money but more
importantly, cost Mathilde her pride. In "The Gift of Magi," Della and Jim sacrifice their prized
possessions for each other and for love. Irony is represented in this story when Della and Jim both
get each other gifts that mean a lot to each other. However, what they did not realize is that when
Della cut her hair to to buy Jim a chain for his watch, she was unaware that Jim was going to sell his
watch to buy her combs for her hair. The irony of their gift exchange is monumental as their
unconditional love for one another took over for their own personal possession. Jim exclaims, "I
don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like
my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at
first." The magi which are described as wise men also signifies irony because Della and Jim's
presents were more than wise. They represented that a gift does not need to be expensive to have
value. A gift can be more meaningful just by the thought. "The Monkey's Paw," deals with a family's
unwillingness to accept things as they should be. They desired more and paid the dire

Sifaka Research Paper
The Coquerel's Sifaka (Propithecus verrauxi coquerii) is a species of lemur found exclusively in
Madagascar. Their bodies are covered in thick, coarse fur that is white on their torsos and dark
reddish brown on their fore– and hindlimbs, with dark faces and white noses. P. coquerii are a
diurnal species of folivorous and frugivorous primates that live in either deciduous or evergreen
forests, and typically weigh 3.4–3.6 kg. Females are dominant over males, and they typically
congregate in one male–one female mating pairs or multi–male multi–female social groups. Males
will compete for dominance in order to be able to mate with females in the group. Lemurs exhibit
more scent–marking behaviors than most other primates, and use their throat, wrist, and anogenital
glands to scent mark their habitats and signal to other lemurs. The Bronx Zoo has two adult
Coquerel's sifakas in its exhibit, one male and one female. The exhibit is the first that guests see in
the zoo's Madagascar hall, which houses ring tailed lemurs, red ruffed lemurs, and other animals
from the region. The Coquerel's sifaka exhibit itself is tall but relatively narrow, extending
approximately thirty–five feet vertically and about fifteen feet horizontally. The opening ... Show
This locomotor behavior is excellent for achieving fast motion, and a sifakas could cross the
enclosure with only two leaps in just seconds. However, because the enclosure was relatively
narrow, the sifakas were unable to leap more than one to two times in a row unless a vertical aspect
was part of the movement. If more than two solely horizontal leaps had been attempted, they would
have crashed into the walls. When descending down trees or the stone walls of the enclosure, the
sifakas preferred to descend rump first, but would leap to another tree as soon as the action was
possible, seeming to avoid climbing style

Personal Narratives of Exploring the New World, America
Personal narratives are often written when the author feels compelled to tell their story, usually they
write them about a significant event. Going back to Columbus, the early explorers and settlers took
to writing personal narratives to tell their story of what they found in the New World. The New
World has a geography that is unique to each area. One thing all of the early explorers and settlers to
the new world had in common was that they all had to deal with the Indians. In each area there are
differnat tribes of Indians, it is for that reason the personal narratives written by the explorers and
settellers are different from each other. The result of which meant that all of them had different
experiences to write about in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To prevent possible death and punishment, he had to say what he did. It would also help later on
with the Indians on any return trip if they had excellent relations with each other. His purpose of the
narrative was the economic development of the new territory and to ensure his place in it. Not able
to do it on his own, he needed to get more money from the king and queen of Spain. The reason he
had to do that was Europeans had already traded with China and the Far East. However, they did not
know anything of the New World other than what he and the rest of his crew had written. That is
why Columbus had to sell them on the opportunities he discovered. That is why he ended his letter
with, "In conclusion, to speak only of that which has been accomplished on this voyage. Which was
so hasty their highness can see that I will give them as much gold as they may need if their
highnesses will render me very slight assistance; moreover I will give them spices and cotton, as
much as their highness shall command." One could say that he was a land developer trying to sell
the new world to the crown of Spain. It is now understandable now how he was able to secure
funding for more voyages, and start the great exodus of explorers to the new world. Kupperman
stated in her article "Reading Columbus's Diario, even in the imperfect form in which it has come
down to us, is exhilarating; it allows us to participate in

Color Vision Of Spider Monkeys
The researchers will conduct match to sample behavioral experiments to assess color vision of
spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi; n=4). The animals' abilities to discriminate two test apparatus of
varying color (red, green, and blue) and their abilities to correctly choose the sample that matches
the original color will be tested. Additionally, the gender link component in color perception of
primates will be analyzed by testing both sexes of monkeys. Ultimately, if the animal is able to
match at rate greater than that of chance, each monkeys' individual color vision will be detectible.
The limitations of this study is the young age of one of the monkeys. Future studies could run the
same experiment with other species of New World monkeys. Keywords: spider monkey, color vision
Color vision is an evolutionary trait that provides primates with significant reproductive and
survival value (Gomes, Pessoa, Suganuma, Tomaz, & Pessoa, 2002). Fascinatingly, humans and
apes share over 99% of their genetic makeup (Wildman, Uddin, Liu, Grossman, & Goodman, 2003).
However, the quantity and quality of color vision varies within and between species in the primate
world. Primates are divided into two groups, the Old World and the New World. The New World
primates are located in the rainforests of South America and surrounding areas, while the Old World
primates are from the tropical areas of Africa and Asia (Regan et al., 2005). The vast range of
geographical locations inhabited by

The Impact of European Diseases in the New World Essay
The Impact of European Diseases in the New World
If science has taught us anything, it is that one event invariably effects countless others. This is no
more evident than when a species is introduced into a new environment. Once a foreign species
finds itself in new surroundings, it can either die or adapt. Often, these introduced species take over
the environment, irrevocably changing it to fit their needs. This usually leads to a serious
deteriorating in the well being of species currently existing there. Such is the case as when the
Europeans introduced themselves to the New World. The new arrivals not only brought themselves,
their technologies, and ways of life, but, most disastrously, their diseases arrived as well.
When ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Killing its host is counter–productive for diseases–when the host dies, it dies. (Cowley, 54)
Regardless of the infection's intentions however, host death can often be the result.
And death is something that ran rampant through the native population. The Indians were not able to
combat these new afflictions because they were new to their systems. Small pox, whooping cough,
chicken pox, scarlet fever, influenza and many more had long been around in Europe and the
colonists had developed resistance to most of them. (Crosby, 198)
When a disease has existed in a community for years, the members of said community develop a
natural, inherited defense after some generations. After initial entrance, the disease runs through the
population and the more susceptible individuals acquire the disease and die from it. Those
individuals "hardy" enough to survive then dominate the gene pool and the disease become less fatal
to the remaining population. (Meltzer, 39)
Eventually, the diseases are always around in some variety, but there is a "low incidence of
infection...with the only susceptible individuals" are those "entering by birth," which is way diseases
like measles and chick pox effect mostly the young, "or from outside." These individuals show
higher rates of infection and death than those already living there amongst the diseases do. (Linton,
131,141) This is precisely what occurred to the natives of the New

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