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Actors in Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution: Democratic Constitutional Rally (RCD) Assignment #2:
Silke Groeneweg Introduction to International Development 1. What type of actor is this? What
characteristics helped you identify what type of actor your actor is? (2–3 sentences) The Democratic
Constitutional Rally (RCD) was the ruling party in Tunisia from its independence from France in
1956 until its overthrow and subsequent dissolution following Tunisia's Jasmine Revolution in 2011.
The RCD is very clearly a state actor, given their standing as a political party and the way in which
it and Ben Ali exercised power over branches of government to control the lives of the people of
Tunisia. Prior to the revolution, Tunisia was very much a one–party system, where the RCD had the
majority of the seats (as much as 161 of the 217 seats in the legislature) (Murphy, 2011, p 299)
which gave them almost absolute power in the legislature. 2. What did your actor do in Tunisia's
revolution, if anything? (4–6 sentences) The RCD was an important actor during the Tunisian
revolution. At the beginning of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
States are such powerful actors because in most cases, they can control a significant amount of the
day to day of its citizens. Two common methods states use to control the status quo include
suppression of revolutions through the use of force including the mobilization of police and the
armed forces. This can be a significant influencer in maintaining the status quo as many individuals
fear a potentially violent reprisal from the state should its citizens stage a protest or revolution.
Another method states use to maintain the status quo is cronyism and nepotism used by officials
within that state. Officials within states often have the power to give influential roles to their friends,
families, and individuals that could be beneficial to their
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Political And Economic Changes During The Jacksonian Era
In the year, 1824, the United States entered a period of great political and economic change. This
time period was regarded as the Age of Jackson and also the Jacksonian Era. During this era, the
system of voting was drastically changed to express the voice of the people and contribute to their
political involvement. Also, the Market Revolution took place, bolstering the economy in America
to make living conditions more sufferable. Through the political and economic events that transpired
during the Age of Jackson, this era was able to successfully denote the idea of the "common man."
During the Jacksonian Era, many citizens in the United States began to get extremely involved in
politics. Approximately eighty percent of the American population ... Show more content on
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The Market Revolution was an expansion of markets due to Northern manufacturing, development
of the transportation system, and Southern technology improvements (Market Revolution 1). Many
inventions were made as a contribution to this revolution such as Eli Whitney's cotton gin which
separated the seeds from the cotton and also served as a revival of the need for slavery. The
revolution was also able to offer more economic opportunity for the common people to work in
factories. The conditions in these workplaces were not sanitary and or safe and a change needed to
be made. When working men received suffrage, they were able to support politicians who were in
favor of them and would work to improve these conditions. Because of the increase of capital,
wages too were increased. This was beneficial because the increase in wages contributed to bringing
about better sanitation and also better life in general for the factory workers. Social paths also
emerged from the Revolution for abolitionists, women, and

What´s an Ideology?
An ideology is a set of ideas that embodies ones goals, expectations and actions. An ideology can
also be defined as a set of ideas that are introduced by the ruling class of society to all the other
members of the public. Therefore every political activity or idea embodies an ideology. Ideology. In
Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 19:03, May 11, 2014, from http://en.wikipedia.org.
Many political parties base their style of governance and political programs on an ideology and this
helps determine how political change should be incorporated in our country. That is why the aim of
this essay is to examine, compare and contrast the political ideologies of two major political parties
in post– apartheid South Africa. South Africa has a multi–party political system that incorporates
thirteen parties who sit in parliament or the national assembly. The national assembly consists of
400 seats and for a party to have majority rule on decision making they have to have a 2/3 majority.
South Africa's Parliament is made up of the National Assembly and the National Council of
Provinces. The National Assembly is much more prominent; they pass legislation and oversee their
executive duties. Their members are elected for a five year term. All South African citizens over the
age of 18 are allowed to vote, but only if they register. South Africa so far has had democratic
elections in 1994, 1999, 2004 and 2009. Before 1994 only white South Africans were allowed to
vote under the system

Compare And Contrast The Federalist And...
Throughout Adams and Jefferson's presidencies,the Federalist and Democratic–Republican parties
disagreed greatly on how the United States should be governed. Hence, different political ideas were
put forth into the governmental bodies from both parties. By 1809, the Democratic–Republican
party had prevailed in being more influential and reaching political goals. The Federalist party
became very unpopular because of President Adams who received much hate for his policies. The
Alien and Sedition Acts in particular caused wide disapproval of Adams. Harsh acts upon foreigners
and immigrants has never been received well by the public in most cases, and the Democratic–
Republican party, to many people, seemed like the underdog rebels against a cruel empire. The
Federalist party favored a tight governing system that was seen ... Show more content on
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The Federalist party persisted enough to disapprove greatly of Jefferson, but not nearly enough to be
influential. Jefferson was a very principle–based president, who wanted to embrace the ideals of the
American Revolution. The number of years to be made a legal citizen was decreased to five years,
and removed excise tax. The removal of excise tax raised the national debt considerably. Jefferson
aimed to decrease the presence and power of the military. Eventually, Jefferson deployed small
gunboats around the coast, but no kind of powerful military action. Jefferson also seeked to get rid
of the idea that the president is a king of any sort. Things such as having clerks give presidential
messages to Congress aimed to make the president's role much more casual and democratic.
Jefferson decided not to change certain Federalist actions done by Adams, mainly to keep the
Federalists satisfied to an extent. Despite Jefferson's acts of Federalist appeasement, the
Democratic–Republican ideals were

Leon Trotsky 's Influence On The Soviet Revolution
John McNally
Ms. Zbrzeznj
Global Perspectives
13 March 2015
Leon Trotsky
Leon Trotsky was a man to be reckoned with. Trotsky was a Marxist revolutionary who played a
leading role in the 1905 Revolution, in the eventual Communist Revolution of October 1917, and in
the Russian Civil War. Without Trotsky's impact in the Russian Revolution, the Bolsheviks would
have been defeated. His own beliefs on Marxism combined with his intellect made Trotsky a target
and influential leader in the Soviets. From his studies on Marxism, he created Trotskyism, a Marxist
ideology based on the theory of permanent revolution. Also, his organization–building skills and
revolutionary military ideas made him a great military leader. However, Leon Trotsky was also
prone to arrogance, fatal over–confidence, dismissiveness and sarcasm, qualities that contributed to
his demise. His downfall was caused by Joseph Stalin as well. Joseph Stalin set out to destroy the
old party leadership and take total control. Leon Trotsky was one of the most influential Russian
leaders, because of his political and military leadership and revolutionary theories.
Leon Trotsky helped make the Soviet army a revolutionary force with his military ideas and
organization–building skills. As commissar of war, "Trotsky established a system of discipline and
hierarchical control, while also emphatically rejecting attempts to enthrone new military orthodoxies
based on partisan

Dbq Political Parties
Throughout the 1790's there was more arguments going on more than orderly over various things
upon one topic. Mostly these debates were on the topic of the political parties. The Republican Party
and Democratic Party upraised with different opinions. The decisions made during that time period
have gradually developed and impacted into the party system today. There are many pros and cons
for the mutiny of the political parties formerly. Hamilton and Jefferson had led important roles for
both parties and conversed ideas during this time, in the intervening time the French Revolution and
the Alien and Sedition Acts played major roles in the choices made for this feud as well. The French
Revolution played a portrayal for the people's voices during the alteration forming the political
parties. At the start of the Revolution, most people were monarchists and expected that the reforms
could establish a constitutional monarchy in France. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Jefferson supported with the Democrats as they were fearful that national government would gain
power and they would lose it(Document 1). Leading most anti–federalists, Jefferson viewed
Hamilton's plan as profiting only the rich at the expense of indebted farmers. After Jefferson saw the
memo Hamilton wrote, he himself wrote a letter later in 1792 explaining why he distrusted the
Democratic Republicans(Document 2). Hamilton did not think it was right to oppose the Federalists
who supported the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. Hamilton revealed that he believed Jefferson
as dangerous, and had an attachment to France and a resentment against Great Britain.Hamilton was
someone with a close relationship with Britain, and Jefferson was close with France. These two
power leading men were constantly going back and forth on their views and eventually had to come
to a

The Bloodless Revolution Of 1800
The Bloodless Revolution of 1800 was a very important event that shaped our nation into what it is
today. The Revolution changed America 's history in major ways. The twelfth amendment was
created and the party divisions that we see today in our modern government are results of the
conflict. The revolution was also a test: could the young nation of America shift power peacefully,
as the founding father 's had intended? Or would everything collapse after only one president
leading the country? The Bloodless Revolution of 1800 was an event that changed our nation 's
history an ways of government in many important ways. But in order to understand fully the whole
effect this event had on our nation, we must look back a few years before 1800 to the Neutrality
Proclamation, the John Jay Treaty, X Y Z Affair, and the Quasi War.
George Washington, in his second term of office, issued the Neutrality Proclamation in an attempt to
ease the tension and conflict with Britain caused by The French Revolution. Thomas Jefferson,
being so disgusted with Washington 's policies, resigned his secretarial position in May of 1793,
when the proclamation was announced. Despite Washington 's attempt to fix the conflict, British
ships continued to confiscate American merchant ships because they, in an attempt to remain
neutral, continued to trade with both France and Britain. War soon broke out after that between the
new French Republic and the European Monarchs, much to the

Book Review of Liberty and Power Essay
Harry L. Watson, Liberty and Power;
The Politics of Jacksonian America
Hill and Wang, N.Y.
Review written by Richard Foust Book Review Harry L. Watson's book, "Liberty and Power, The
Politics of Jacksonian America", takes an analytical look at America and her politics during the Age
of Jackson. Watson uses the economy and the ideological mindset of the people, to support a
powerful argument about the beginning of American political parties and their importance in
defining the political direction of the country. Watson argues that economic inequalities caused by
the "Market Revolution" and a threat to American liberty caused Americans to organize politically
in support of a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The subsistence farmer, unable to compete, saw the Market Revolution as a threat to his liberty and
acted on this threat. Watson surmises that with this threat, politically active citizens were ripe for a
political party system that would protect their independence and liberty. Enter Andrew Jackson, who
appealed to those voters who felt threatened by the changing economic picture. Jackson and his
supporters believed that the Republican/Whig political party represented an elitist, aristocratic
government that would put the ever expanding economy and their own profit above the liberty and
good of the majority and it was the good of the majority that Jackson would rely on with great
success. He believed that the preservation of the Republic depended on the majority and the
majority was represented by independent farmers, who were profiting the least from the Market
Revolution. Believing that any government based on aristocracy could become corrupt, he felt that
that the best way was to treat all of the citizens alike and turn the rule of the country over to the
majority. This majority, with the fiery General Andrew Jackson as their leader, would create the
Democratic Party. Watson's focus on political parties, chapter 6, is an important part of this book.
Not only does it support his argument, but it also gives the reader

How Did Domestic And Foreign Affairs Affect Politics In...
During the 1790s, domestic and foreign affairs were important towards the development of
American politics. Domestic affairs dealt with circumstances within the United States while foreign
affairs dealt with conditions concerning other countries. Hamilton's Financial Plan and the
interpretation of the Constitution are examples of domestic affairs that impacted politics in the
1790s. The French Revolution and Washington's farewell address were foreign affairs that also
impacted politics in the 1790s. Although both domestic and foreign affairs important to politics in
the 1790s. Whereas foreign affairs dealt outside of the country, domestic affairs hit directly towards
home and affected politics by developing two party systems and debates went on about different
interpretations on the Constitution. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One domestic affair that played a huge role in the development in politics was Alexander Hamilton's
Financial Plan. Hamilton's Financial Plan was created as an attempt to fix America's debt issues as
well as other things such as creating the National Bank. Thomas Jefferson, as well as many other
Democratic Republicans believed Hamilton's plan to be unconstitutional. Even though many
Democratic–Republicans opposed Hamilton's plan, Hamilton argued that his plan was a national
blessing. After many debates Hamilton's plan was officially passed, but there was still conflict
concerning the National Bank. Jefferson felt that the National Bank was unconstitutional, while
Hamilton did not see a problem with it. Another domestic affair was different views on the
Constitution. Jefferson believed in a strict interpretation of the Constitution while Hamilton believed
in a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Due to the different beliefs of Hamilton and Jefferson,
two party systems were formed, leaving a lasting impact on

Home Colonies Chapter Summary
NOTE by Engels to 1888 English edition: "Home Colonies" were what Owen called his communist
model societies. _Phalansteres_ were socialist colonies on the plan of Charles Fourier; Icaria was
the name given by Caber to his utopia and, later on, to his American communist colony. IV ––
POSITION OF THE COMMUNISTS IN RELATION TO THE VARIOUS EXISTING
OPPOSITION PARTIES Section II has made clear the relations of the Communists to the existing
working–class parties, such as the Chartists in England and the Agrarian Reformers in America. The
Communists fight for the attainment of the immediate aims, for the enforcement of the momentary
interests of the working class; but in the movement of the present, they also represent and take care
of the future ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Communists turn their attention chiefly to Germany, because that country is on the eve of a
bourgeois revolution that is bound to be carried out under more advanced conditions of European
civilization and with a much more developed proletariat than that of England was in the seventeenth,
and France in the eighteenth century, and because the bourgeois revolution in Germany will be but
the prelude to an immediately following proletarian revolution. In short, the Communists
everywhere support every revolutionary movement against the existing social and political order of
things. In all these movements, they bring to the front, as the leading question in each, the property
question, no matter what its degree of development at the

The Russian Revolution Of Russia
Introduction
Since 1613, Michael I was elected to be the Tsar of Russia, the political situation has never been
stable. Trace to the causes, most of them are power struggles among nobles and their armies,
however large–scale public riots didn 't appear. During the year of 1905, the situation changed.
People's discontent has been accumulated to a critical point; the Tsar's status seemed to be
overturned. What led the Russian people, which was passive and cowardice, started Russian
revolution in 1905?
Long term inducement
 Leadership
Since 1613, Russia was ruled by the monarchy, in which only Tsar monopolizes power. Unlike the
western democratic societies, there is no legislative constitution which can be used to balance the
Tsar. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Nicholas II, the son of Alexander III, governed the state in the same core although he was weak, less
paranoid, and stubborn. Nicholas II concentrated on important family matters rather than state
affairs. Housekeeping spent time than reading documents. In government part, listening to his wife
is the main job for Nicholas II.
 The rise of anti–government forces
In the past, Russian people were willing to obey the rule of the Tsar, they loved the Tsar as their
father. Because of the brainwashing from the Orthodox, people were persecuted by the authoritarian
though, yet dare not openly revolt.
The Great Reform in the 1860 s disappointed more Russian people, predominantly the peasant
populations. They lived very hard. After legislation of serfs' liberation in 1861, they were very
gratified; however, the actual situation was worse than before. The land that government gave was
smaller and thinner. In order to pay the forty–nine years of "redeemed land tax", many farmers sold
their lands, got debt, lost farmland; therefore, desperate people either rioted or joined the
revolutionary organizations.
Since the 1880s, because of the impact of industrialization, domestic needs of no matter labor force,

or the specialized knowledge became urgent. The working class and middle class got developed.
Not like farmers, the two emerging classes realized their political convenience and started to
participate in the relevant political movement.
Russian industrialization didn't

Jacksonian Democracy Research Paper
In political philosophy, the right to the revolution is one of the highly held principles. And by
definition, is the duty of the people to a particular nation to overthrow a regime that works against
the common interests of the people (Wilentz, 2008). This philosophy has been stated throughout
history in one way or another. During the declaration of independence, Thomas Jefferson asserted
that people have the right to revolution to change unjust systems of government. The philosophy
was also used to justify the American Revolution as well as many other revolutions around the
world. However, for the advanced societies a different kind of revolution was created and instead of
reverting to violence, the democratic process serves the purpose of ... Show more content on
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The term Jeffersonian democracy primarily refers to the Republican Party founded by Thomas
Jefferson (Wilentz, 2008). The party was created in opposition of aristocracy of any form, corruption
and prioritise on Yeoman Farmers among many other things. Jefferson is revered to as one of the
most democratic founding fathers although his supporters advocated for a more narrow
interpretation of the constitution. Jefferson and the succeeding presidents operated under a first party
system which was seen as a repressive political system (Davis & Woodman, 1976). It is, however,
evident that the Jeffersonians may have been the most successful in building state and local
organisations that united different factions. That said, there was a great difference between the
Jacksonian democracy and the Jeffersonian democracy. Many things changed in the Jacksonian era.
A good example is the change of the voting rights where white men were no longer required to own
land for them to enjoy voting rights. This allowed the common persons to have an equal opportunity
to influence government policy same as the elite members of the society. The result of this change
cannot be underestimated since it ensured that the average person could not be disregarded just
because they did not have money. It is also in the Jacksonian era when the battles over abolishment
of slavery began which finally culminated in the American Civil War and the eventual abolition of
slave trade. It is important to note that both Jeffersonian and Jacksonian democracies promoted
equality, advocated for the rights of the ordinary person and rejected world aristocracies (Davis &
Woodman, 1976). However, the biggest difference was that Jeffersonians did not want a strong
federal government while the Jacksonians sought to have a powerful presidency and to increase the
public`s participation in governance. The

Pros And Cons Of The First Political Parties
First Political Parties
The First political parties of the United States were called the Federalists and the Democratic
Republicans. These parties were formed in the 1970's, and although they had no formal national
organization, like the later parties eventually would, they had very strong beliefs. The two parties
were caused by the debates of the U.S. bank, the balance of state and national powers, and much
more. They had opposing views on pretty much everything, such as the government strength, the
interpretation of the constitution, etc. The original political parties in America differed in their views
of alliances with either the French or the British.
One of the firsts parties, the Democratic Republicans felt that the United States should

Jose Marti's Impact On Cuban History
Arguably the most prolific figure in Cuban history, Jose Martí's image is projected everywhere from
monuments to money in small villages and big cities. His legacy has been used as a pillar for
countless political parties since his death, as his words have been tailored and framed to align with
various parties' beliefs. The structure and practices of the 1959 revolutionary government do not
coincide with Martí's vision for Cuba on a political, economic and social level. Martí believed in
democratic principles as well as equality and independence for all of Cuba, and since the Castro
regime assumed power in 1959, Cuba experienced economic ruin, oppression of its citizens and
political dictatorship due to the negligence of said principles. Although ... Show more content on
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For the entire 20th century however, Cuba's economy was largely dependent on the production of
sugar. Shortly after relations with the United States were tarnished, an economic embargo was put
into place by the United States that prohibited trade between the two countries. As a result, Cuba's
increased trade relationship with the Soviet Union quickly became one of dependence for Cuba, and
when the Soviet Union collapsed, an economic crisis ensued throughout the island. Since the end of
the special period, the Cuban government has slowly implemented financial measures that do not
necessarily agree with socialist policies, but have been deemed necessary in order for financial
recovery to take place. Some of the most significant are, the removal of penalties on Cuban
nationals possessing U.S. dollars, the buying and selling of property amongst Cubans and the
development of small, privately owned businesses. These adjustments were made because Castro's
original economic policies did not align with those of Martí's, and trade dependence with the Soviet
Union was the catalyst for Cuba's economic crisis in the nineties. José Martí believed that Cubans
were entitled to personal freedoms and expression, claiming that, "man must not censure" (Martí,
256). When Martí was 14 he began writing about the oppressive colonial Spanish regime, and was
jailed for the first time at the age of 16 because of essays, poems and verses that he wrote regarding
the issue of Cuban independence (Lecuona, 49). As an exile, Martí experienced and valued the
freedoms of religion, assembly, petition, press and speech inherent in the first amendment. The very
spirit of the revolution and fight for independence was derived from the desire to express and
maintain freedoms in Cuba. Fidel Castro has censored, by one way or another, beliefs,

Effects Of The Fall Of Communism In Czechoslovakia
INTRODUCTION
In this essay, I will analyze the profound effect that the fall of Communism in Czechoslovakia, and
subsequently the Czech Republic, in the Velvet Revolution of 1989, had on the legal regime in the
country. Obviously the process of conversion to democracy was a long and arduous one, fraught
with struggles. I will lay out this essay as follows; to begin, I will give a general introduction that
will discuss things that had to be altered after the fall of the Communist regime. I will look back at
the history of democracy in the Czech Republic, and how forty years of Communist rule tore this
proud tradition to shreds. The main part of the essay will revolve around a discussion of the build up
of democratic institutions after the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Between the years of 1990 and 1992, after the fall of Communism and the formation of the first
democratic parliament in years, there was permanent conflict on the issue of Slovakian autonomy.
As time went on, the legal preferences of the nations began to run in opposite directions. To avoid
any further conflict, the political elite decided to break up the federation and form two separate
autonomous states. This new agreement came into effect on the 1st of January 1993.
Legal Changes
One of the most important changes to Czech law after the fall of communism was the reinstitution
of multi–party elections, the very foundation of democracy. But on top of this, there were a number
of extremely important institutional changes, as well as new laws brought into effect to enforce
democracy in the nation. These are listed below in bullet point form for the sake of

Essay On The Effects Of The American Revolution
The results of the American Revolution heavily impacted how America became a nation. The
American revolution brought forth a bigger and stronger nation. One with the intenchines to bring
Liberty, republicanism, and independence. Therefore, the positive effects of the American
revolutionary war was that america gained land, economic growth,a new political scene and became
new nation. Consequently, the american revolution also brought forth a negative impacts as well on
america, from hopes that society changed to a new government that was in debt but does not have
the power to tax to get out of debt. During the American revolution the 13 colonies wrote the
declaration of independence which made the 13 colonies free from the british control and made
them an independent nation know as America. But britain wouldn't acknowledge the 13 colonies as
an independent nation in till the treaty of paris was signed that ended the American revolution on
September 3,1783. Which in the terms of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the american revolution slaves were allowed to server in the army and navy freely and
women were allowed to work jobs that were meant for men. But as the revolution ended and women
were set back into their places as they were before the revolution, as housewives . As for the slaves
that hoped they were free, they were not . Slavery thrived in America for years after the revolution
due to the increase of new technology and the growing need for it. But this groups would later
drawback to the american revolution for inspiration to help them in their own revolutions.Also the
american revolution brought white settlers to have a hatred towards African Americans. Due to the
fact they fought alongside the british during the war. In the following years devastating raids that
ended bloody and champions were held against the african Americans . farmland and villages were
destroyed due to the

Revolution Of 1800 Dbq Essay
The Revolution of 1800: From Federalist to Democratic–Republican
Home
Thesis
The Revolution of 1800 concluded with Thomas Jefferson elected as the third president of the
United States and the political power passed from the Federalists to the Democratic–Republicans.
Historical Context
Why Was The Election Revolutionary?
Before the Election of 1800, also known as the Revolution of 1800, the world had never experienced
a peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another. Prior to the election, all preceding
presidents belonged to the Federalist party; John Adams was the last of the Federalist. Now the
power belonged to the first Democratic–Republican, Thomas Jefferson. He declared the election to
be revolutionary because of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were anxious that the Federalists wanted to involve the US in the European war on Britain's
side and centralize power in the national government. Some Jefferson supporters accused President
Adams of being a monarchist that aspired to reunify America and Britain. They charged that Adams
had ordered General Thomas Pinckney to England to acquire four mistresses to split up evenly
between the two. "I do declare if this be true, General Pinckney has kept them all for himself and
cheated me out of my two." responded Adams.
Compromise Thomas Jefferson was elected as the third president in the Election of 1800. In his
innaugural address, Jefferson said that "We are all Republicans, we are all Federalists." (U.S.
History).The Revolution of 1800 was first declared a Revolution by Jefferson because it was the
first peaceful transfer of power from one political party to another the world had ever experienced.
When George Washington stepped down as president, John Adams was elected. This was not the
first peaceful transfer of power from one party to another because George Washington and John
Adams were both

The First Lecture, By James Caesar
For many Americans today, a feeling of dismay and despair is present whenever a conservation turns
towards the political races happening this year. To the average American, this election has become a
mockery of the electoral system. Philosophy is being replaced with stupidity and knee–jerk
reactions, and it seems as though the political parties' cater to the lowest denomination of
intelligence. When one hears Democrats versus Republicans, demagoguery and division are usually
among the first things that come to mind. This Center for Constructive Alternatives series explained
the history behind the two parties, how situations like today came into fruition, and clearly alluded
to an idea that the parties of old are crumbling. The first lecture, eloquently given by James Caesar,
a professor of history at the University of Virginia. His lecture dealt primarily with the early history
of the Democratic and the Republican parties and their importance to American politics. Dr. Caesar
wisely noted that the American political party system had become a facet of American Government.
When one hears, "American Government", they will think about the Congress, Supreme Court, and
the Presidency; but also, one will think about the Democratic Party and the Republican Party. Dr.
Caesar argued that even though the Founders did not intend for the party system to occur, the two
major parties play one of the most important roles in the modern American government. After
explaining the

Election Of 1800 A Revolution Essay
I agree with Jefferson that the election of 1800 was indeed a revolution. The election of 1800 was a
presidential election between Thomas Jefferson and John Adams, where each side thought a win by
the other candidate would destroy the nation. This was the election where two parties were being
formed, Federalists and Democratic–Republican, and the first time in the U.S. that there was a shift
in power from one party to another. The Federalists lost power to the Democratic–Republicans in
the election which came to be a bloodless revolution and proved that the constitution worked. The
election of 1800 was a revolution because it changed the Federalist style government into a
centralized government into a Republican style government. The Republican ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Building up to the election, Jefferson need the support of an alliance called the anti–Federalists.
Anti–Federalists were a group that strongly opposed a stronger federal government and opposed the
ratification of the Constitution. The opposed a stronger national government because they thought it
would become too powerful like the British monarchy. Jefferson ended up winning the election of
1800 over John Adams in a tight race. The House of Representatives chose Jefferson as president
after being tied with Aaron Burr, 73 electoral votes apiece. Jefferson was known for his saying, "We
are all Republicans, we are all Federalists."
After being elected he adopted some Federalists policies and some Republican ideas. Jefferson
acquired the area of Louisiana from France that doubled the land area of the United States. He also
set up an expedition for Lewis and Clark to explore that area, which opened more trade routes, and
provided maps and other information about that area, which led to more people settling there.
Throughout his term he gave up with moving away from a stronger central government, and wanted
to limit the executive branch of

Bolshevik And Menshevik Party Essay
Angered by the current status of the political system, the working class in early 20th century Russia
was ready to fight for a change. The Bolshevik party, a branch of the Russian Social Democratic
Worker's Party (RSDWP) led by Vladimir I. Lenin, rose to power through a series of revolutions,
fighting for a societal evolution that would lead a once–capitalist Russia into a communistic political
powerhouse. Two parties represented the left–wing of the RDSWP, both wanting similar changes.
Both the Menshevik and Bolshevik parties desired a socialist society, though their approaches to
change the capitalistic society differed. The Menshevik party believed in a wide appeal; they
thought that their strength was in their numbers. Contrarily, the Bolsheviks ... Show more content on
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By World War 1, the Bolshevik party was the only political party in Russia to fight vocally to end
the war, insisting that it was dividing the working class and leading them to death. Due to this
vocalization, the leaders of the movement were arrested; Lenin had escaped from the arrests and
moved to Switzerland, leaving behind a small core group who supported the movement. On April 4,
1917, Lenin returned to Russia to give his April Thesis to Social Democratic Parties. He pushed a
new program, stating that it was time to start a socialist society before a bourgeois government was
permanent. Moreover, he established a tactical program to stir a revolution for a proletariat. Their
slogan, Peace, Land and Bread, highlighted the three areas the party believed were necessary for
success, of which to current government was failing to excel at. Particularly, the provisional
government lacked an agrarian program, left urban populations starving to help the war, and they,
according to Lenin, were in need of a new offensive. Lenin emphasized most that all power should
be left with the soviets. As a result, on October 24–25, 1917, Lenin and the Bolshevik party led
Russian workers and peasants to overthrow the Provisional government and set up a soviet
government. The revolution resulted in peace on all fronts, and enabled the party to take over the

The Ten Year Cultural Revolution
The ten–year Cultural Revolution, in essence, was a political power struggle inside of the CCP, and
as Mao died on September 9 1976, the Gang of Four was arrested soon on October 10. Since Mao's
successor Hua Guofeng was politically weak, Deng Xiaoping came back to power. Though the new
leaders tried to help China recover from the revolution and rebuild the economic systems, the
influences of the revolution did not vanish quickly. The Party had to deal with the mistakes that Mao
made during the revolution, make the resolution on the revolution, and formulated the new road that
the country should follow. Other than the political struggles that the Party faced, the society also
created troubles. The intellectuals, especially the sent–down youths who illegally came back to
cities, were excited and looking forward to a democratic government, and they again started to
criticize the government and commented on the politics just like their predecessors did in the
Hundred Flowers Campaign. However, this situation did not satisfy Deng, who emphasized that the
correct line for China was to insist the absolute principle of the Party (Meisner, 457), and he then
decided to consolidate his power. In general, though Cultural Revolution ended, the political
struggles that it represented never stopped, and would be continued for years. Meinser points out
that Mao did construct the country and lead its people to reach many striking successes, including
building a modern nation–state,

October Revolution and Animal Farm
Dylan Hearn
2nd
9/24/14
Animal Farm 20 Questions Webquest Directions: Please use the suggested links to find answers to
each of the questions below. Be sure to paraphrase (not copy) the answers/information you find on
the internet. All these questions will have parallels in Animal Farm, so be sure to pay careful
attention! For questions #1–2, please refer to your copy of the novel and to this website
http://www.k–1.com/Orwell/site/opinion/essays/rhodi.html
1. What was George Orwell's personal experience of Stalin's government, and how did this
experience become the motivation/basis for Animal Farm?
It was a very negative experience with Stalin's government, which was supporting Totalitarianism.
He wrote Animal Farm in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He led the October Revolution in Russia, becoming the first communist leader of the USSR.
12. From the information in "Russian communist party and civil war," what event in Animal Farm
most resembles the Red Army's defeat of the allied White Army?
For question # 13, focus on the first and third paragraphs of the following site:
http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95aug/napoleon.html
13. Who was Napoleon Bonaparte, and what was his basic personality and style/methods of ruling?
Napoleon was one of the greatest military commanders in history. He has also been portrayed as a
power hungry conqueror. Napoleon denied those accusations. He argued that he was building a
federation of free peoples in a Europe united under a liberal government.
For questions #17–22 use the following site: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stalin
14. Who was Josef Stalin, and what kind of ruler was he?
Josef stallin was the leader of the Soviet Union, he was one of the most brutal dictators in history, by
the time he died people estimate that he killed 20 million people.
15. What was Stalin's relationship to Leon Trotsky, and why did Trotsky leave Russia?
Trotsky was part of the Bolshevic party during the early years of the USSR. He fought against Stalin
for ruling power of the USSR. Stalin won and banished Trotsky
16. What are the differences between Trotskyism and Stalinism (click on "Leon Trotsky" link and
there are links to these

Dbq Federalism
The election of 1800 has been historically claimed as a "revolution" for the democratic republican
party. A time when the citizens of America took back their government and restored it to the strong
state government roots and it would be helping the common man rather than the elites. The validity
of that statement comes into question when analyzing some main components of the government at
the time. One example being the federal judiciary system, looking at this branch the statement that
there was any sort of revolution would be simply untrue. Federalism was very much present in the
federal court systems before and during the time period this revolution was supposed to be
happening. In fact, federalist ideals seemed to gain more presence ... Show more content on
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To start with, the Embargo of 1807 was a federal trade restriction with France and Great Britain with
the intent to hurt their economy, and since they were in the midst of war with each other it was
supposed to make a big statement and stop them from harassing America's trade ships. The only
issue is that it completely backfired and hurt American manufacturers and farmers the quickest and
the most. The first problem, going back to the beginning is that the federal government has
controlled the trade just as Britain did before during colonization and it becomes a whole other issue
on that side of the fence. The simple argument here is that this did nothing for the common man or
agriculture, it only severely damaged it in a poorly thought out plan and just showcased poor use of
federal power. The three main things that democratic republicans tried to change, all being
discredited in one move. Democratic Republicans do show up eventually, in the American System.
This economic plan incorporated both party ideas. On the federalist side, a protective tariff was
placed on imported goods which also ties into democratic republican ideas to help the American
common man. While it primarily helped north eastern manufacturers, it still was a good plan.
Another part of the plan was to use the money from these tariffs to build infrastructure (roads and
canals). This lowered the

The Partido Revolucional: The Mexican Revolution
Mexico gained freedom from New Spain in 1910 at the start of its war of independence (Dalton,
Strom, and G. Bingham Powell 426–467). November of 1910 marked the start of the Mexican
Revolution; it continued for a decade and became to be known as one of the first "social
revolutions" of the world. As the Mexican revolution was occurring Mexico had a "modernizing
dictatorship" Today Mexico functions under an authoritarian democratic system, unlike the
dictatorship under Porfirio Diaz that resided in power for thirty four years since 1877 (Benjamin).
Despite having converted to an authoritative democratic system, Mexico continues to undergo issues
in regards to political parties, political structures, and political participation, all associated with
dictatorship.
In Mexico they have a three party competition; the Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI), the
Partido Acción Nacional (PAN), and the Partido de la Revolución Democrática (PRD). But by the
time these three parties became official, the PRI was the first political party in power to be created.
The Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI) was founded in 1929 and ... Show more content on
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Handelman states that one of the definition's of a revolution is " Revolutions generally come to
power either through mass uprisings featuring strikes, protest marches, and street riots" (Handelman
198–226). Although there is just protest going on, it is yet too soon to decide if Mexico will have
another revolution. As noted political participation has been increasing either from protests or
casting a vote. Although, now according to Latin American Research "scholars today almost
universally agree that the political system of Mexico is authoritarian fits decisions are made by a
ruling elite rather than by democratic..." (Booth, John A., and Mitchell A. Seligson

American History Quiz
Q1. Assess both Patriot and British strengths and weaknesses when the Revolution began. How did
the United States win the War against such a powerful adversary?
Without the benefit of hindsight, one might be tempted to draw the conclusion that the American
army was foolish to rebel against the British: "the British army was the best trained, best equipped,
and most professional army in the world. The Royal Navy was, at the time of the American
Revolution, the undisputed ruler of the High Seas" (Tubbs 2009). In contrast, "the American army
was poorly supplied, insufficiently trained (initially), and inconsistently paid" and the colonies
lacked a centralized government at the time (Tubbs 2009). However, the American army had the
advantage of knowing the territory and even more important the loyalty of the majority of the
populace (Tubbs 2009). The British government had been behaving in a belligerent and insensitive
manner towards the colonists, raising the ire even of formerly loyal subjects of the crown living in
the Americas. The British soldiers, in contrast, fought largely out of duty versus personal conviction.
The Americans also had the advantage of foreign support, specifically the financial support of
France (Faragher, Buhle, Czitrom, & Armitage, 2009). And just as importantly, they had the
leadership of General George Washington, who made several decisive moves which resulted in a
victory for the colonists. "Had General Washington not attacked the Hessians at

Compare And Contrast Andrew Jackson Vs Henry Clay
In the novel Andrew Jackson vs. Henry Clay, written by Harry L. Watson, the many differences
between our 7th president and the man who tried so often to hold that coveted position are shown in
great detail. These two men not only differed on every political issue that came to their attention, but
they also had a great hatred toward each other as people. Just as Jackson and Clay were passionate
about their beliefs, so were their followers. The Americans who followed Jackson hated Clay just as
much as Jackson did and vice versa. This made Jackson's two term presidency that much sweeter for
the "Jackson Party" and Andrew Jackson himself. The creation of the Democratic Party and the
Whig Party falls on the shoulders of both Jackson and Clay. The ... Show more content on
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The Market Revolution was a time of huge technological advances coming into America. This was a
great thing in regards to transportation, trade, and bringing the country together as one instead of
being divided by many miles of land. Henry Clay was a huge advocate for the Market Revolution.
He wanted America to become more wealthy, technologically advanced and smarter. He was also in
favor of internal improvements which taxed citizens from all over the country to improve a portion
of one state in hopes that everyone would prosper from the improvement. The Market Revolution
gave America new ways of communication because of the transportation improvements. This
brought on a religious revival among Americans and in New York it helped improve citizen's faith
and their economy. Families began practicing their faith and tried to be better people and as a result,
it made businesses run better and boosted their income tremendously. Citizens like these gave their
votes to Henry Clay and the Whig Party because of the successes the Market Revolution brought
them and their families. However, along with success comes failures and that is exactly what
happened to lots of Americans involved in trade. When trade became more accessible, Americans
thrived because they were able to sell goods to Europe. This was a good thing for Americans, but it
linked the European and American economies in a way. When Europe's economy went bad, so did
America's because buyers could not afford to purchase as many goods from America. For example,
in the south, a man named William Harris who was a farmer in Virginia, moved to Alabama to get
involved in the cotton industry. He bought a plantation for $26,000, and in 1819 the European
market took a wrong turn and he could not sell enough product to make a profit. He sold his
plantation for less than half of

Mexican Policy Is Important Part That We Should Study...
Mexican policy is an important part that we should study about it. From the Mexico just established,
the system of polity of Mexico has changed 4 different politic system to adapt the epoch. The first
system is the single–party state. French, English and Spanish used to invade the Mexico, than a
group of people organized the public and expelled those country. After that, this group of people
chose a person to be their leader and let him to control the whole country that is how the single–
party appeared.
However, one person controls the whole country was not well as they expected, this person always
made numerous wrong decisions and let the Mexico got worse. So, public always against the
government in various ways. During 10 years revolution, the policy of Mexico is not stable which
appeared more than one parties. Those parties always fight with each other for the power of
controlling Mexico. At the same time, the America invaded the Mexico and occupied a vast of land.
Just because this, the America becomes the most developed country in the future. Thus, the leader at
that time was taking care of outside invasion while paying attention to inside revolution. Meanwhile,
after the war broke out, Mexico did not have any politic connection with America, it caused the
polity of Mexico became worse. As time went by, the situation has been changed.
Then, Mexican banished the America and established their own independent country, the system of
polity transformed from Single–party to

The Russian Revolution And The Revolution
In 1917 a great revolution would collapse Russia's monarchy and extend the color of red throughout
the world. During this time, Leon Trotsky and Vladimir Lenin were instrumental in causing the
grand collapse of the Russian government and the reformation into a communist state. The Russian
revolution changed the world when it happened and I believe it changed the people of Europe after
it occurred.
The Russian Revolution actually has two important parts to it the February Revolution (March
1917) and the October Revolution (November 1917). The February Revolution, which took place in
modern day St. Petersburg, was lethal to the royal government of Russia. It began with the bread, it
was not like they did not have the supplies for the population, "the problem was the breakdown of
the transport system" (Figes 68). The February Revolution was also largely caused by the
ineffectiveness of the Russian military in World War One and the failure of the Russian empire
throughout the last couple decades. The people of Russia were ashamed of the military throwing
away their lives and having to eat sparingly to survive the winter. Peasants were so poor they could
barely afford a piece of bread for a week. Mass demonstrations were held in the squares and
violence took to the streets. People ambushed the royal guards in front of the palace and they were
shot down by the insignificant force left to guard the capital. The revolution was largely leaderless
as Russian people just wanted food

Emergence of a Two-Party System 1789-1808
Matthew Kirkpatrick
Br. Herb
AP American History Period 4
10/8/12
Emergence of a Two–Party System 1789–1808 A two–party system is a political system in which
the electorate gives its majority of votes to only two major parties and in which one or the other
party can win a majority in the legislature. An example of a two–party system is the United States of
America, which has the Republicans and the Democrats. For the candidacy to be president, the
person must have a majority of the party supporting him or her. An advantage to having a two–party
system is that it provides stability in the government so that not only one party wins the vote to
govern the nation all the time. Two–party systems controls campaigning against each other so ...
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The Federalists were worried with the economy and wanted to avoid war at all costs. The
Democratic–Republicans thought America might fight Britain again for its liberty. Washington sent
John Jay, who was a Federalist, to London in 1794 to negotiate a treaty with Britain to maintain
trade relations and avoid war. Democratic Republicans were not happy because they thought that
John Jay might betray the United States. Jay's Treaty made British leave western forts in the United
States, but was allowed to continue fur trade with the Indians. The treaty made America repay debts
to England from during the Revolutionary War. The Senate passed the treaty in 1795. The
Democratic Republicans were furious because of the senate passing Jay's Treaty. Spain in response
to Jay's treaty went after an alliance of their own with the United Sates. In Pinckney's Treaty of
1795, the Spanish gave the United States' requests, including ownership of the previously disputed
territory north of Florida. This treaty also gave American western farmers and traders the right of
deposit at New Orleans.
From the beginning of the American Revolution, America has had sort of a two–party system
starting with the Patriots and the Loyalists. It wasn't until after the Constitutional Convention when
two separate parties started to form. The two parties that started to emerge were the Federalists, led
by Alexander Hamilton, and the Democratic

An Evaluation Of Marxism
Introduction
Marxism is an approach of societal evaluation that targets societal conflict and class–relations
making use of a materialist explanation of historical development, along with a dialectical view of
social remodeling. Marxist evaluation uses economic and socio–political examination and applies it
to the investigation and evaluation of the development of capitalism and the role of class struggle in
systemic economic change (Walicki, 1997).
Marxism develops on a materialist knowledge of societal advancement, taking as its starting point
the necessary economic activities needed by human society to take care of their subsistence
(McLellan, 2007). Marxist evaluation describes radical polarization of classes in the capitalization ...
The double political uncertainties confronted by the socialist movements were: one is the decrease
of its mass character; the other, the abandonment of its goal. Vladimir Lenin dialectically blended
both challenges in his thought of an interventionist organization of revolutionaries–one that
participates and tries to provide leadership in the day–to–day struggle to be able to win broader
layers of workers to the revolutionary overthrow of the system when the appropriate conditions
arose.
To sustain the goal of the revolution, Lenin linked every unexpected demand to a revolutionary
objective utilizing every single partial struggle to demonstrate the masses the necessity of general
action and for insurrection against the reactionary rule of capital. Also, to make an effort ensuring
that every single struggle of a limited character is prepared and directed in such a way as to have the
capacity to lead the way to the mobilization and unification of the proletarian forces, rather than to
their dispersal.
Lenin developed the ideas about democratic centralism for the internal organization of the party. He
fully understood that the party cannot really accomplish its responsibility without centralization.
Democratic centralism makes it possible for the party to function in a multipurpose, unified manner
and makes it possible for the working class to have an organization at its disposal that can help take
advantage of revolutionary situations. When revolutionary conditions

Analysis Of Bernie Sanders ' New York
Bernie Sanders
New York, NY. –– After being mathematically eliminated from clinching the Democratic
presidential nomination, Vermont Senator Bernie Sanders refuses to formally ended his bid,
returning to the campaign trail in New York City
Titled as "Where We Go From Here" speech, it was widely expected that Sanders would bow out of
the presidential race. Instead, the once quiet Democratic Socialist Senator who has now become a
political celebrity detailed his plans of what exactly he will be doing from now until next month's
Democratic National Convention on Thursday night – transforming the Democratic Party with his
"political and social revolution" ideas.
"As we head towards the DNC, I often hear the question "What does Bernie want?" Sanders said to
over a thousand of supporters gathered in The Town Hall venue near Times Square. "This is not
about what Bernie Sanders want, it's about you and millions of other people who want a political
revolution." Framing out his convention platform fight, Sanders made clear the populist agenda he
will push in the upcoming convention. He specifically pointed to the rules and platform committee
in seeking to changes rules regarding to eliminating closed primaries and eliminate superdelegates.
"As we speak, literally, there are meetings of the Democratic platform committee that will come out
of the Democratic convention that will be by far the most progressive platform in the history,"
Sanders said, as supporters began screaming

Why Did The Soviet Union Survive The 1917 Revolution?
When the 1917 revolution occurred, the world was stunned by the arrival of a new socialist system,
which was guided by Marxist principles as interpreted by Lenin's Bolshevik party. This was hailed
as the start of an entirely new system that would serve as an alternative to Capitalism. However,
according Hannah Arendt's definition of revolution a revolution must include "the sense of a new
beginning, where violence is used to constitute an altogether new body politic," (Arendt pg. 25). The
above evidence suggests that the Soviet Union was not at all a new body politic in regards to its
government. The same system the Bolshevik party sought to overthrow in Russia, had survived the
1917 revolution, and emerged again with a red, and far bloodier veneer; the same structures and
functions of the tsarist government remained. As a result, the Bolshevik takeover of Russia in 1917
could not fulfill this part of Hanna Arendt's definition of revolution. But Hannah Arendt's definition
of revolution also referred to a body politic, which includes both the government and its citizens. As
a result, to determine whether Russia was revolutionary or not, its ... Show more content on
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After all, how could the Ukrainian people remain the same after experiencing the Holodomor? How
could Russian peasant life survive the disruption and repression brought on by collectivization?
How could all Soviet society not be affected by the country's unprecedented industrialization? The
Soviet Union's rise as a superpower after WWII alone testifies to the changes the country had
experienced since its defeat in WWI, and the rise of the Bolsheviks. In regards to Arendt's criteria
for revolution, the Soviet Union did successfully transform society and was in this sense
revolutionary. But what about the Soviet Union's role in increasing freedom; did it also qualify as
revolutionary under this Arendtian

The Four Political Parties In Mexico
Brief History: On October 4th, 1824 the nation–state, Mexico was founded. Mexico gained
independence from Spain in 1810. This nation–state currently runs under a federal presidential
republic government. They chose to have this type of government because it shares power over the
republic with the governments of the 31 individual Mexican states and one Federal District. In this
form of government, the President is both head of the state and head of government. 2. Constitution:
Constituted by the federal presidential republic government, the form of the state is structured with
the the constitution of each state. State governments in Mexico are modeled on the federal system,
having three main branches of government. Mexico fulfills the academic definition of a federal
system because they have a legislature, judical, and executive branch. 3. The legislature/law making
body: The legislature making body is secured upon the Congress of the Union, a legislature made up
of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies. There are separate elections ... Show more content on
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Political parties: There are nine nationally recognized political parties of Mexico. The parties are the
National Action Party, Institutional Revolutionary Party, Party of the Democratic Revolution, Labor
Party, Mexican Green Ecological Party, Citizen's Movement, New Alliance Party, National
Regeneration Movement, and the Social Encounter Party. The most significant and powerful
political parties in Mexico are the National Action Party, the Party of the Democratic Revolution,
and the Institutional Revolutionary Party which held power uninterruptedly in Mexico for 71 years.
The National Action Party focuses mainly on advocating for free enterprise, Pragmatism, Small
government, Privatization and Libertarianism reforms. The Party of the Democratic Revolution
focuses mainly on any issues in Mexico regarding economic and social inequalities. Lastly, the
Institutional Revolutionary Party focuses on gaining more centralization of

Essay On The Alien Sedition Act
In 1783 America fully gained their independence from England. With America becoming a free
nation, they had to address new issues that came their way from 1787–1816. Some issues were
harder to face than others, but in all America successfully addressed main problems. From 1787–
1816 the United States successfully addressed the Democratic Republican and Federalist political
parties, and through treaties and purchases, foreign relations. The Democratic Republican and
Federalist parties had a power struggle from 1798–1816, they tried to settle the struggles by having
the Alien Sedition Act, the Marbury VS Madison trial, and Hartford convention. After the American
revolution, America was dealing with two different ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The act was supposed to stop the growth of the Democratic Republicans faction. The act targeted
control over immigrants, due to the fact that they would most likely be a Democratic Republican.
The Federalists did not want the Democratic Republicans to gain more followers, and have more
power. The act also gave the president authority to deport any alien he deemed dangerous to the
nation. The Marbury VS Madison case was another incident where the parties were trying to prove
their power over the each other. President Thomas Jefferson denied a job to William Marbury for the
justice of peace. Marbury had been elected in to office by John Adams when he was president.
Thomas Jefferson did not want Marbury because he was a federalist. The case went to the supreme
court. The supreme court sided with Marbury and gave him the job. At this time, it was also decided
that the "the Supreme Court's (has the) power to determine the constitutionality of laws established"
. Lastly, the Hartford Convention was a meeting from 1814–1816. The Federalists meeting
addressed the "disloyalty" seen in their party during the War of 1812. After this, the downfall of the
Federalist party started. With the Hartford Convention starting the downfall of the Federalist Party,
the Democratic Republicans became the more powerful party. Ultimately, by eliminating the
Federalist party, America was able to conquer the political struggles and try to unify the
government. Though the political struggles were not addressed in the most productive way, America
addressed the foreign relationships in a positive way by treaties and

Communism And The Soviet Union
After World War II, the Soviet Union wanted to create more communist nations, especially along
their western border, to prevent themselves from being vulnerable to attack from the West again as
they had been from Nazi Germany. Countries like the United States and Great Britain did not want
the Soviet Union to spread communism but some Eastern European countries that had been victims
of the Nazi regime saw communism as a good way to prevent another fascist regime from rising.
Combined with the fact that most Eastern European had a history of unstable government systems
and were in poor economic and political states, communism had a very large appeal to most Eastern
Europeans. With the help of Soviet military intervention, communism quickly ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Both countries held round tables between the negotiating parties, which were meant to create power
sharing institutional mechanisms. They also discussed social and economic policies and reached
levels of compromise. Poland, being the first country to break from communism, ended up giving
65% of its parliamentary seats to the communist party whereas Hungary instituted "freedom of
political association, free elections, and a government responsible to the legislature (Ciobanu,
2010)." There was no military intervention by the Soviet Union in Poland's round table discussions.
This was a very important factor in the following revolutions in other Eastern European countries.
Bulgaria had a more timid approach to democratization. Bulgaria legalized the opposition, the
National Assembly, which in turn allowed the Union of Democratic Forces to form and forced the
Bulgarian government to include them in discussions. Due to this, Bulgaria had a narrow roundtable
and ended up with an uneven democratization process. Romania on the other hand had a more
violent communist upheaval. It started as a one–party system but had turned into a sultanistic
personal dictatorship. The Romanian people wanted to destroy the old communist regime. After the
Romanian Revolution, the regime fell quickly (Huntington, 2009) and the National Salvation Front
took temporary power, until elections were

Marxism Midterm Essay : State And Revolution
Marxism Midterm Essay: State and Revolution Sarah Elberling University of Denver State and
Revolution The early 20th century socialist revolutionary theorists Vladimir Lenin, Rosa
Luxembourg and Leon Trotsky believed that the withering away of the state and the removal of the
capitalist mode of production was a necessary outcome if the individual was to ever realize their true
nature as being free, equal and self–determining. This, however, could only be achieved through the
development of the proletariat's class consciousness and their defeat over the bourgeoisie. It is in
this manner where both socialist revolutionary theory and practice share a dialectical relationship.
However untied in their revolutionary visions of this international process, these theorists differ in
what the role and functions of the revolutionary party should be in the historical development of the
new socialist state. For Lenin and Trotsky, they envisage the revolutionary vanguard party as being
separate from the proletariat class. Their reasoning being that the working class themselves would
remain limited by their own trade's union consciousness and therefore, would need the assistance of
the Central Committee to lead them in the methods to achieve the socialist revolution. For
Luxembourg, however, the vanguard party would need to be rooted and systematically connected to
the proletariat class itself in order for the revolution's spontaneity and organizational dialectic

How Did It Adequate To The Proletariat Revolution?
The French revolution which broke out in France on the 24th February 1848 marked a significant
development in the class struggle of the proletariat. Marx and Engels hoped that the revolution
would only serve as 'the immediate prelude to the proletariat revolution' (Swell, 2008). The workers
and the lower middle class were the ones who propelled the revolution forward – the bourgeoise,
who would eventually win this revolution, had not expected or wanted this outcome. The
bourgeoise, ultimately, feared the working class and their demands for rights as it was a seed for
destruction of the means of production. With national workshops abolished and no trust with the
bourgeoise parties the workers of Paris rose and demanded they be listened. Marx noted "The
insurrection [is] growing into the greatest revolution that has ever taken place", wrote Marx, "into a
revolution of the proletariat against the bourgeoisie." Swell notes that around 15,000 workers were
killed/wounded during the uprising. Engels notes that the demand that the proletariat placed on
bourgeoise contained a threat to the existing order of society, they had to immediately disarm the ...
Their main aspect was the destruction of the old feudal structures and the capitalist system and to
bring about an independent state – a republican. As noted previously, Marx and Engels hoped that
the bourgeoise revolution in France would bring about the 'immediate prelude to the proletarian
revolution', however, due to the weakness of the Communist League in which they were part of they
had no choice but to form a democratic movement for the workers in Germany. The aim of this
movement according to (Swell, 2008) 'was to destroy absolutism and to unity the backward states
into one democratic republic'. Marx and Engels note that this achievement in the worker's movement
can only be achieved by revolutionary

The Fundamental Causes of the Russian Revolution Essay
The Fundamental Causes of the Russian Revolution
The fundamental causes of the Russian Revolution were the direct consequence of a dreadfully long
period of suppression of the Russian people combined with a prolonged instability of the Russian
government. For centuries, czarist regimes forced their strict demands upon the populace by
exerting their unilateral power, with no moral consideration for human life or freedom. At the same
time, to maintain its status as a great power, the Tsar promoted higher education. The result was
perpetual tension between government and society, especially its educated element, known as
"intelligentsia."
The United States emerged as the leader in automated technology in the late 1800's and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The working conditions for the factory workforce was unsafe because there were no safety
regulations. The hours were very long and the living quarters were overcrowded and deplorable with
no sanitary facilities. Democratic Socialism was now favored by the majority of the people who
wanted control over their own production in the factories.
The concept of Marxism was recognized by the Russians as early as 1980. The first Marxist group
was formed by Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov, known as the "Father of Russian Marxism" in
1883. In the late 1800s, one of Plekhanov's most passionate supporters was Vladimir Lenin. Lenin
admired Plekhanov as the founder of Russian Marxism and strove to master the revolutionary
activity and party building Plekhanov had begun. In 1900, when Lenin founded Iskra, Plekhanov
wrote for the paper, and jointly, they supported proletarian revolution backed by Marxist theory.
Lenin formed another Marxist party, known as the Russian Social Democratic Party. In August
1903, the Social Democratic Party held a party in congress in London. This congress was significant
not only because the entirety of the Russian socialist groups attended, but also because it marked the
point of departure for the vital split among the Social Democrats into the Bolsheviks and the
Mensheviks. Both the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks were in agreement with their decision to
overthrow Czardom, and to transform Russia into a

Events That Led To The Formation Of Political Parties In...
There were many events that lead to America splitting into two political parties in the 1790's. The
two parties are the Federalists and the Democratic Republicans and when it comes to the
government they have completely different views. The Federalists were lead by George Washington,
Alexander Hamilton and John Adams and lived mainly in the north. They strongly supported the
central government because they believed that the government should be big and strong. The
Democratic Republicans lived mainly in the west and south and were lead by Thomas Jefferson and
James Madison. The Democratic Republicans were against a big government and believed the states
should have more power. Political parties were created in the 1790's because of the war between ...
One main point was to assume the state debts and take them on nationally. This means that there
would be one big US debt instead of state debts. Some states liked this plan and some didn't,
particularly the ones that already paid off their state debt. States like Maryland, Pennsylvania, North
Carolina and Virginia had already paid off their state debts and saw no reason why they should be
taxed by the government to pay off other states' debts. But the states that haven't paid all their state
debts were on board with this plan because they could pay fewer taxes over all to the government.
He ended up convincing the states by promising to support the country's capital to be in the southern
states in exchange for their votes. Hamilton's next step was to gain revenue by industrializing the
country and manufacturing more. He also wanted to create a tax on imports to protect American
businesses. Hamilton also wanted to put an excise tax on domestic items, including whiskey, which
would later lead to the whiskey rebellion. Hamilton's third and final task was to create a bank of the
United States modeled off of Britain. The bank would hold government funds, collect taxes, and
make loans. The debate was whether the bank was constitutional or not. Hamilton thought it was
because he had a lose interpretation of the Constitution but Jefferson had a strict interpretation and
thought a bank for the country would be unconstitutional. Washington ended up signing a bill that
congress passed for the national bank to have a term of 20 years. The Federalists sided with
Hamilton and supported it whereas the Democratic Republicans sided with Jefferson, further
dividing the political

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