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複習: 
原命題 
若p則q 
逆命題 
若q則p 
否命題 
若┐p則┐q 
逆否命題 
若┐q則┐p 
互逆 
互逆 
互 
否 
互 
否
我們知道,原命題為真,它的逆命題不一 
定為真,一般地,一個命題的真假與其他 
三個命題的真假有如下三個關係。 
1.原命題為真,它的逆命題不一定是真。 
例如,原命題“若a=0,則ab=0”是真命題,但 
它的逆命題“若ab=0,則a=0”是假命題。 
2.原命題為真,它的否命題不一定是真。 
例如,原命題“若a=0,則ab=0”是真命題,但 
它的逆命題“若a≠0,則ab≠0”是假命題。 
3.原命題為真,它的逆否命題一定是真。 
例如,原命題“若a=0,則ab=0”是真命題,但 
它的逆命題“若ab≠0,則a≠0”是真命題。
例2:設原命題“當c>0,若a>b,則ac>bc”,寫出它 
的逆命題,否命題與逆否命題,並分別判斷其真假。 
分析:“當c>0”是大前提,不是題設,故寫其他命 
題時應該保留,原命題的題設是a>b,結論是ac>bc。 
解: 
逆命題:當c>0,若ac>bc ,則a>b。 
我們在初中學過反證法,其實反證 
法其原理正是利用原命題與它的逆 
否命題之間的真假關係。
反證法證明命題的一般步驟: 
(1) 假設命題的結論不成立(┐q),即假設結論的反面成立; 
(2) 從這個假設出發,經過推理論證,得出與題設相矛盾(┐p); 
(3) 由矛盾判定假設不成立,從而肯定命題的結論正確; 
證明:
總結: 
1.原命題為真,它的逆命題不一定是真。 
2.原命題為真,它的否命題不一定是真。 
3.原命題為真,它的逆否命題一定是真。 
反證法證明命題的一般步驟: 
(1) 假設命題的結論不成立(┐q),即假設結論的反面成立; 
(2) 從這個假設出發,經過推理論證,得出與題設相矛盾(┐p); 
(3) 由矛盾判定假設不成立,從而肯定命題的結論正確; 
功課:P.35 習題1.7 1、2 (雙數) 加5

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