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when an auditor sets the risk high, what does this mean? Solution Audit risk is the that the auditor will not discern errors or international miscalculations during the process of reviewing the financial statements of a company or an individual. There are 3 types of audit risks 1. Inherent Risk- It means that the financial statement is susceptible to a material misstatement. 2. Control Risk-It means one or more misstatement might not be detected or prevented on a timely basis by the internal control system of the comapany. 3. Detection Risk-It is the risk that an audit might not be capable of detecting a material misstatement. When the auditors sets the risk high it means that the financial statements are full of material misstatement that could severely affect the organisation if not corrected. It means that the auditor needs to carry out more detection procedures to be convincingly assured about the financial statements being free from material misstatements. .

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Fraudulent financial reporting generally involves the recording of fraudulent journal entries, particularly those involving post-closing adjustments and other types of nonstandard journal entries.Auditors’ responsibility with respect to fraud, as presented in AU Section 316, Consideration of Fraud in a Financial Statement Audit, requires auditors to presume that the risk of management override of controls is always present and to test journal entries and other adjustments for indications of possible material misstatements due to fraud. Describes fraud and its characteristics. SAS 99 defines fraud as an intentional act that results in a material misstatement that are done financial statements. There are two types of fraud considered: misstatements arising from fraudulent financial reporting and misstatements arising from misappropriation of assets . The standard describes the fraud triangle. Generally, the three ‘fraud triangle’ conditions are present when fraud occurs. First, there is an incentive or pressure that provides a reason to commit fraud. Second, there is an opportunity for fraud to be perpetrated (e.g. absence of controls, ineffective controls, or the ability of management to override controls.) Third, the individuals committing the fraud possess an attitude that enables them to rationalize the fraud. Requires sessions to discuss how and where the entity’s financial statements might be susceptible to material misstatement due to fraud. This requirement is a new concept in audit standards and it has two primary objectives. The first objective is so the engagement team will have an opportunity for the seasoned team members to share their experiences with the client and how a fraud might be perpetrated and concealed. The second objective is to set the proper “tone at the top” for conducting the engagement. The brainstorming session is to be conducted in a manner that models the proper degree of professional skepticism and sets the culture for the entire audit. The following steps involved in testing journal entries and other adjustments are addressed in this Practice Aid and generally occur in the following order: Step 1: Consider the risks of material misstatement due to fraud identified in planning the engagement and their effect on the nature and extent of journal entry testing. Step 2: Obtain an understanding of the entity’s financial reporting processes and the controls over journal entries and other adjustments. Step 3: Perform audit procedures to determine the completeness of the population of journal entries and other adjustments. Step 4: Identify and select journal entries and other adjustments for testing. Step 5: Perform journal entry audit procedures, gather sufficient evidence, and document results. The auditor should gather information necessary to identify risks of material misstatement due to fraud by the following SAS 99 requires auditors to ask management questions about their awareness and understanding of fraud. Au.

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p13 29. The auditor should evaluate whether analytical procedures performed as substantive tests or in the overall review stage indicate a previously unrecognized risk of material misstatement due to fraud: A. If not already performed, the auditor should perform analytical procedures on revenue at the overall review stage of the audit; unusual relationships include: (1) Large amounts of income recorded in the last week or two of the year. (2) Income inconsistent with trends in cash flows from operations. Other examples of unusual or unexpected analytical relationships and possible causes 30. The auditor should evaluate risks of material misstatement due to fraud at or near completion of fieldwork. 31. When misstatements are identified, the auditor should consider whether such misstatements may indicate fraud. 32. When misstatements are or may be the result of fraud, but the effects are not material to the financial statements, the auditor should evaluate the implications. Examples of immaterial frauds include: A. A misappropriation of cash from a small petty cash fund normally would have little significance. B. A misappropriation involving management may be indicative of a more pervasive problem and may require the auditor to consider the impact on the nature, timing, and extent of tests of balances or transactions, and the assessment of the effectiveness of controls. 33. If the auditor believes the misstatements may be the result of fraud and has determined it could be material to the financial statements, but has been unable to evaluate whether the effect is material, the auditor should: A. Attempt to obtain audit evidence to determine whether fraud has occurred and its effect. Fraud (previously referred to as irregularities) -Intentional misstatements or omissions of amounts or disclosures in financial statements. Audits are concerned with misstatements arising from two distinct types of acts: Fraudulent Financial Reporting - Intentional misstatements in financial statements to deceive financial statement users. Misappropriation of assets (also referred to as "defalcations")-Theft of company's assets the effect of which has not been appropriately reflected in the financial statements. PROFESSIONAL SKEPTICISM BACKGROUND INFORMATION (AU 230) 4. In every audit, the exercise of professional skepticism is paramount. In many audit failures involving fraud, inadequate professional skepticism is frequently cited as a significant reason why the material misstatement was not detected by the auditor. 5. The third general standard of the generally accepted auditing standards is: Due professional care is to be exercised in the planning and performance of the audit and the preparation of the report. 6. In discussing due professional care, the standards state that: A. Due professional care requires the auditor to exercise professional skepticism. Professional skepticism is an attitude that includes a questioning mind and a critical assessment of audit ev.

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The Auditor shall evaluate whether the information gathered from risk assessment procedures indicates that one or more fraud risk factor are present and it should be taken into account in identifying and assessing fraud risks. Fraud risk factors does not necessarily indicate the existence of fraud, however it normally present. Fraud risk factors are events or conditions that indicates The auditor might conclude that a fraud risk exists even when only one of these three conditions is present. 1. Presumption of Fraud Risk Involving Improper Revenue Recognition- The auditor should presume that there is a fraud risk involving improper revenue recognition and evaluate which types of revenue, revenue transactions, or assertions may give rise to such risks. 2. Consideration of the Risk of Omitted, Incomplete, or Inaccurate Disclosures- The auditor\'s evaluation of fraud risk factors in accordance with paragraph 65 should include evaluation of how fraud could be perpetrated or concealed by presenting incomplete or inaccurate disclosures or by omitting disclosures that are necessary for the financial statements to be presented fairly in conformity with the applicable financial reporting framework. 3. Consideration of the Risk of Management Override of Controls-. The auditor\'s identification of fraud risks should include the risk of management override of controls. Solution The Auditor shall evaluate whether the information gathered from risk assessment procedures indicates that one or more fraud risk factor are present and it should be taken into account in identifying and assessing fraud risks. Fraud risk factors does not necessarily indicate the existence of fraud, however it normally present. Fraud risk factors are events or conditions that indicates The auditor might conclude that a fraud risk exists even when only one of these three conditions is present. 1. Presumption of Fraud Risk Involving Improper Revenue Recognition- The auditor should presume that there is a fraud risk involving improper revenue recognition and evaluate which types of revenue, revenue transactions, or assertions may give rise to such risks. 2. Consideration of the Risk of Omitted, Incomplete, or Inaccurate Disclosures- The auditor\'s evaluation of fraud risk factors in accordance with paragraph 65 should include evaluation of how fraud could be perpetrated or concealed by presenting incomplete or inaccurate disclosures or by omitting disclosures that are necessary for the financial statements to be presented fairly in conformity with the applicable financial reporting framework. 3. Consideration of the Risk of Management Override of Controls-. The auditor\'s identification of fraud risks should include the risk of management override of controls..

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1. Define computer crime and list several examples of computer crime. 2. Explain the purpose of the Computer Fraud and Abuse Act of 1986 and the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986. 3. Contrast hackers versus crackers. 4. Why are insider threats particularly dangerous for organizations? 5. Define malware and give several examples. 6. What are physical access restrictions, and how do they make an information system more secure? 7. Describe three human-based controls for safeguarding information systems. 8. Describe how the Sarbanesâ€“Oxley Act impacts the IS security of an organization. Solution The various examples of computer crime are: A cracker is one who breaks into or otherwise violates the system integrity of remote machines with malicious intent. Having gained unauthorized access, crackers destroy vital data, deny legitimate users service, or cause problems for their targets. Crackers can easily be identified because their actions are malicious. There are two major types of crackers. The first group has expert crackers who discover new security holes and often write programs that exploit them. The second type, the script kiddie , only knows how to get these programs and run them. Script kiddies are more numerous, but much easier to stop and detect. Besides the ethical difference between the two, the major factor that separates hackers from the vast majority of crackers is an understanding of computer systems and the ability to create software. A real hacker can write code in one or more languages (C, C++, assembly, Java) and understands what that code does and why it works (or doesnâ€™t). The majority of crackers have little programming ability, or none at all, and usually donâ€™t understand how the tools they use work. If a machine gets hacked by a script kiddy, its usually because the administrator didnâ€™t maintain the machine and apply patches for known vulnerabilities. While SOX addressed primarily the accounting side of organizations, it did greatly increase the demand for IS auditors. Regulations put in place by SOX require companies to have controls in place to prevent misuse of fraid, controls to detect potential problems, and effective measures to correct any problems found. Information systems are key in today\'s business environments to handle the mass flow of data transmitted on a daily basis. These systems, however, need to be regularly checked to ensure that they are performing their roles effectively. SOX also placed upon businesses a requirement to preserve evidence to document compliance and for potential lawsuits. Since many of these documents have important information, safeguards need to be put in place to prevent private information from being leaked or accessed. Once again, the fact that seemingly everything is digital means that the safeguards are mostly or all technological in nature, again emphasizing IS security. .

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1. Create a Visual Calculator by using winform application in Microsoft Visual Studio .The application built is designed and work simular to the Windows calculator. 2.The code needs to be done in C++ Programming Solution #include<conio.h> //For_getch()_function #include<math.h> int flag=0; double ans, a, b; using namespace std; namespace Calculator { using namespace System; using namespace System::ComponentModel; using namespace System::Collections; using namespace System::Windows::Forms; using namespace System::Data; using namespace System::Drawing int num[7] = { 0 }; // seed srand((int) time(0)); // Randomize the array values. for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) num[i] = (rand() % 99) + 1; // set the label text with random number this->label1->Text = Convert::ToString(num[0]); this->label2->Text = Convert::ToString(num[1]); this->label3->Text = Convert::ToString(num[2]); this->label4->Text = Convert::ToString(num[3]); this->label5->Text = Convert::ToString(num[4]); this->label6->Text = Convert::ToString(num[5]); this->label7->Text = Convert::ToString(num[6]); // change the button states. this->button1->Enabled = false; this->button2->Enabled = true; } // Calculator.cpp : main project file. #include \"stdafx.h\" #include \"Form1.h\" using namespace Calculator; [STAThreadAttribute] int main(array<System::String ^> ^args) { // Enabling Windows XP visual effects before any controls are created Application::EnableVisualStyles(); Application::SetCompatibleTextRenderingDefault(false); // Create the main window and run it Application::Run(gcnew Form1()); return 0; } .

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1. A polar section of a molecule, which isÂ Â ---Select--- to water, is called hydrophilic (literally, \"water loving\"), and a(n)___part of the molecule, which is not expected to be attracted to water, is called hydrophobic (\"water fearing\"). 2. Would the following combinations be expected to be soluble or insoluble? (a) hydrocarbon solute and hexane (b) nonpolar solute and nonpolar solvent (c) ionic solute and hexane 3. The solubilities in water of several substances are listed below. Classify each of these substances as soluble, insoluble, or moderately soluble, based on the criteria presented in the text. (a) Camphor, C 10 H 16 O (a topical anti-infective): 0.1 g per 100 mL H 2 O at 25Â°C (b) Cobalt(II) fluoride, CoF 2 (a catalyst in organic reactions): 1.5 g per 100 g H 2 O at 25Â°C 4. The primary components of vinegar are acetic acid and water, both of which are composed of polar molecules with hydrogen bonds that link them. These two liquids will mix in any proportion. Explain why acetic acid and water are miscible. 5. What does it mean to say a solution is saturated? Describe the changes that take place at the particle level in a saturated solution of sodium chloride that contains an excess of solid NaCl. Is the NaCl still dissolving? Solution 1) attracted, non-polar 2) Nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent and polar solute dissolves in polar solvent. a)soluble (both being nonpolar) b)soluble c)insoluble (as ionic solutes are polar) 3) solubility: if a solute has a solubility of 0.1g/mL or less, it is considered insoluble. if a solute has a solubility of 1.0g/mL or more, it is considered soluble. Any value between these 2 are considered sparingly soluble. Thus. a) camphor is insoluble in water b)CoF 2 is soluble in water. 4) due to their polar nature and presence of inter molecular H-bonding. 5)The excess NaCl added to saturated solution acts as seeds for NaCl crystal growth, as the solution tries to restore its equilibrium. .

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1- How are budgets used for a company or in government- What would you.docx

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1. How are temperature and heat different concepts? 2. How does the specific heat of water compare to the specific heat of other common materials? Why is this important? Solution 1. There is a fundamental difference between temperature and heat. Heat is the amount of energy in a system. The SI units for heat are Joules. A Joule is a Newton times a meter. A Newton is a kilogram-meter per second squared. Heat is transferred through radiation, conduction and convection. The amount that molecules are vibrating, rotating or moving is a direct function of the heat content. Energy is transported by conduction as molecules vibrate, rotate and/or collide into each other. Heat is moved along similar to dominos knocking down their neighbors in a chain reaction. An increase of electromagnetic radiation into a system causes the molecules to vibrate, rotate and/or move faster. With convection, higher energy molecules are mixed with lower energy molecules. When higher energy molecules are mixed with lower energy molecules the molecular motion will come into equilibrium over time. The faster moving molecules will slow down and the slow moving molecules will speed up. Temperature is the MEASURE of the AVERAGE molecular motions in a system and simply has units of (degrees F, degrees C, or K). Notice that one primary difference between heat and temperature is that heat has units of Joules and temperature has units of (degrees F, degrees C, or K). Another primary difference is that energy can be transported without the temperature of a substance changing (e.g. latent heat, ice water remains at the freezing point even as energy is brought into the ice water to melt more ice). But, as a general statement (ignoring latent heat), as heat energy increases, the temperature will increase. If molecules increase in vibration, rotation or forward motion and pass that energy to neighboring molecules, the measured temperature of the system will increase. 2. Water has one of the highest specific heat capacities known. There are however a few substances whose specific heat capacity is higher A large body of water can absorb and store a huge amount of heat from the sun in the daytime and during summer while warming up only a few degrees. And at night and during winter, the gradually cooling water can warm the air. This is the reason coastal areas generally have milder climates than inland rtegions. The high specific heat of water also tends to stabilize ocean temperatures, creating a favorable environment for marine life. THus because of its high specific heat, the water that covers most of Earth keeps temperature fluctuations on land and in water within limits that permit life. Also, because organisms are primarily made of water, they are more able to resist changes in their own temperature than if they were made of a liquid with a lower specific heat. .

1- How are temperature and heat different concepts- 2- How does the sp.docx

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1. According to the career opportunities on their websites, what are some of the things that all three firms (Volkswagen, Volvo, and Ford) offer to motivate new employees? Which of the three has the best motivational package? Solution Volkswagen Working at Volkswagen offers employees a robust portfolio of personal and professional development opportunities in addition to a great benefits package. As well as the opportunity to craft a unique and diverse career path, working at Volkswagen offers employees a robust portfolio of personal and professional development opportunities in addition to a great benefits package. In their effort to become a true employer of choice, we also look to provide a working environment that considers the unique operating requirements of individuals as well as the evolving landscape of the modern workforce. We are pleased to offer the Volkswagen Modern Apprenticeship Programme in conjunction with our training partner Vantage Automotive. This programme has been designed to equip apprentices with the relevant skills and knowledge to become fully qualified Volkswagen Service Technicians. Volvo Volvo offers Internships to their employees. It supports career development through activities ranging from training to individual coaching and mentoring. Volvo promoted self-managed learning and on the job training, based on challenging work assignments, opportunities for cross-functional projects, job rotation and international experience. This also includes the possibility of choosing between the specialist, the project manager and the leader career paths. Volvo provides opportunity to apply for both short-term and long-term assignments in a company or branch of operations abroad. Long-term opportunities with the Group include Leadership, Project Management and Specialist careers. Each path has a structure that consists of several levels, all linked to specific competences and development tools, activities and programs. They offer a structured way of developing and preparing employees for current and future roles. Ford Ford Motor Company is an equal opportunity employer committed to a culturally diverse workforce. All qualified applicants receive consideration for employment without regard to race, religion, color, age, sex, national origin, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability status or protected veteran status. Ford Motor Company is committed to take affirmative action to employ and advance in employment of such persons. opportunity to apply for both short-term and long-term assignments in a company or branch of operations abroad. Volkwagen has the best package as they develop their employees to be qualified technicians. .

1- According to the career opportunities on their websites- what are s.docx

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Which is the stronger acid in the following pair? Explain your reasoning. Be sure to answer all parts. p? Methoxyphenol o? Methoxyphenol The stronger acidity is due to (select all that apply): electron-donating inductive effects intra-molecular hydrogen bonding electron-withdrawing inductive effects conjugation with the substituent Solution 1. Ortho-methoxy phenol is more acidic than para Methoxy phenol. Since OMe is -I group and it stabilizes the phenoxide ion. As we know that strength of Inductive effect decreases with the increase of distance. Hence in para isomer, withdrawing effect of OMe is less compared to ortho isomer. 2. Options B, C and D are correct Intramolecular hydrogen bond: increase the acidity. Ex: ortho Nitro phenol is more acidic than para Nitro phenol, Hydrogen bonding stabilize the anion after proton loosing. -I groups (NO2, CHO, CN etc) increases the acidity Conjugation of group also increases the acidity by resonance Ex: phenol is more acidic than methanol since phenoxide is stabilized by resonance which is not possible to methoxide. .

Which is the stronger acid in the following pair- Explain your reasoni.docx

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Which is NOT true for solute retention? A) Retention time, t r, is the elapsed time between injecting the sample to the arrival of a sample component at the detector minus the dwell time between the end of the column and the detector. B) Adjusted retention time is t râ€™ = t r â€“ t m, where t r is the retention time and t m is the time for mobile phase or unretained solutes to pass through the column. C) The relative retention, ? = r 2 , is the ratio for the adjusted retention time for two t \' r1 components of the sample, where t r2â€™ > t r1â€™ so that ? > 1. D) The retention factor, k = t r ? t m , is the time, tr, required to elute a component t m K 1coefficients for components 2 and 1.minus the time, tm, for mobile phase to pass through the column divided by t m . E) The relative retention, ?, also equals K 2 , where K 2 and K 1 are the partition coefficients for components 2 and 1. Solution (A) is the answer. Reason: The absolute time taken by a compound to travel from the injector through the column to the detector is the retention time. Dwell time will not come into the definition. Rest all options are correct .

Which is NOT true for solute retention- A) Retention time- tr- is the.docx

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Which form type displays records in a tabular format similar to a Datasheet view but has more editing options, such as adding graphics? Datasheet Form Multiple Items Form Split Form Subform Which database property type increases the efficiency of a search on the designated field in the physical database? Validation rule Validation text Indexed Expression Which of the following describes a poor design consideration for a form? Arrange controls closely together or in a sequence that is easy to read by the user. Each form should have a different theme. Make labels descriptive and clear. Right-align labels followed by a colon and left-align bound controls. After running a query, which view will be shown? Datasheet Design Query Result A deletion anomaly is deleting facts about one entity successfully. deleting a table. deleting facts about one entity and deleting facts about another entity. deleting only one fact from a column. Solution 1) DataSheet Form It is a data entry form where we can display query result into tables. 2)Indexed Normally all data stored in database is indexed so that searching by integer index value is faster than searching whole data fields. Normally this search known as indexed search. 3)Right-align labels followed by a colon and left-align bound controls. 4) After running a query, the result shown in daraSheet view. 5)deleting facts about one entity successfully .

Which form type displays records in a tabular format similar to a Data.docx

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which equation best represents the net ionic reaction that occurs when an aqueous solution of barium iodide is mixed with an aqueous solution of lithium sulfate? No net reaction occurs Ba^2+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-> BaSO4(s) BaI2(aq)+Li2SO4(aq)-> BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq) 2H^+(aq)+2I^-(aq)->2HI(g) Ba^2+(aq)+2I^-(aq)+2Li^+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-->BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq) which equation best represents the net ionic reaction that occurs when an aqueous solution of barium iodide is mixed with an aqueous solution of lithium sulfate? No net reaction occurs Ba^2+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-> BaSO4(s) BaI2(aq)+Li2SO4(aq)-> BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq) 2H^+(aq)+2I^-(aq)->2HI(g) Ba^2+(aq)+2I^-(aq)+2Li^+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-->BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq) No net reaction occurs Ba^2+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-> BaSO4(s) BaI2(aq)+Li2SO4(aq)-> BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq) 2H^+(aq)+2I^-(aq)->2HI(g) Ba^2+(aq)+2I^-(aq)+2Li^+(aq)+SO4^2-(aq)-->BaSO4(s)+2LiI(aq) Solution Ans Reaction between aqueous solution of barium iodide and lithium sulfate BaI 2 (aq) + Li 2 SO 4 (aq) -> BaSO 4 (s) + 2LiI(aq) From above reaction it is clear that formation of barium sulfate is solid i.e. in pure form so not participate in net ionic reaction So net ionic reaction is 2LiI(aq) -> 2 Li + (aq) + 2Cl - (aq) So last equation best to represent the net ionic reaction Ba 2+ (aq) + 2I - (aq) + 2Li + (aq) + SO 4 2- (aq) --> BaSO 4 (s) + 2LiI(aq) .

which equation best represents the net ionic reaction that occurs when.docx

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Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to the proton gradient? Why not? Solution Ans - An electron transport chain ( ETC ) is a series of complexes that transfer electrons from electron donors to electron acceptors via redox (both reduction and oxidation occurring simultaneously) reactions, and couples this electron transfer with the transfer of protons (H + ions) across a membrane. This creates an electrochemical proton gradient that drives the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a molecule that stores energy chemically in the form of highly strained bonds. The molecules of the chain include peptides, enzymes (which are proteins or protein complexes), and others. The final acceptor of electrons in the electron transport chain during aerobic respiration is molecular oxygen although a variety of acceptors other than oxygen such as sulfate exist in anaerobic respiration. The four complexes involved in electron transport chain are Complex II does not contribute to proton gradient in electron transport chain. This complex oxidizes succinate, which is produced in TCA cycle, and transfers electrons to ubiquinone. This complex is not associated with any proton gradient. .

Which complex in the electron transport chain does not contribute to t.docx

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where heat is transfer high in conduction or convection where heat is transfer high in conduction or convection Solution CONDUCTION-- Conduction is the transfer of heat between substances that are in direct contact with each other. The better the conductor, the more rapidly heat will be transferred. Metal is a good conduction of heat. Conduction occurs when a substance is heated, particles will gain more energy, and vibrate more. These molecules then bump into nearby particles and transfer some of their energy to them. This then continues and passes the energy from the hot end down to the colder end of the substance. CONVECTION-- Thermal energy is transferred from hot places to cold places by convection. Convection occurs when warmer areas of a liquid or gas rise to cooler areas in the liquid or gas. Cooler liquid or gas then takes the place of the warmer areas which have risen higher. This results in a continous circulation pattern. Water boiling in a pan is a good example of these convection currents. Another good example of convection is in the atmosphere. The earth\'s surface is warmed by the sun, the warm air rises and cool air moves in. Hence more heat is transferred by CONDUCTION because of the direct contact. .

where heat is transfer high in conduction or convection where heat i.docx

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Where do most college students exist on Maslow\'s hierarchy of needs? Be descriptive in your explanation of why... Please be orginial no articles or cut and paste what are your real thoughts! Thanks !! Solution I think that most college students exist between the Love and Belong and Esteem parts of the hierarchy on the pyramid. Many College students have achieved a sense of love and belonging through relationships wthi their friends and family.Â Â Students have made social connections by being members of sports teams, clubs, fraternities, sororities and other types of activities that help to achieve this pyramid level. At the same time, the need for belonging may become overcome other needs depending on the level of peer pressure. Also, college students have a need to feel respected and values by others. This spills into the Esteem layer of Maslow\'s hierarchy pyramid. Students will participate in a hobby, team or other organization to gain recognition of others. By doing this, students achieve a sense of value and acceptance from others. In some cases, there will be a need to achieve popularity or fame but this will not assist in achieving actual happiness as the sense of value and acceptance must really come from within the student .

Where do most college students exist on Maslow-'s hierarchy of needs-.docx

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