The Body In Action

… There are 4 sub-topics Changing levels of performance Coordination movement The need for Energy

Functions of the Skeleton ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ball&Socket Hinge How does each joint move ?

Structure of Joints... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Where is this fluid made ?

What type of joint is this? Where is it ? How does it move ?

But what is bone made of ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Remember the Chicken bones,Acid,and Bunsen Burner experiment ?

Muscles Move Bones... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],One muscle contracts to bend the joint… … the other muscle contracts to straighten the joint

Sub-Topic B. The need for Energy... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Energy from Food ? ,[object Object],[object Object],How does this gas exchange take place ?

BREATHING...IN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

BREATHING... OUT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Can you identify the structures In these lungs ?

MUCUS AND CILIA... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],THIS IS HOW THE DUST AND MICRO-ORGANISMS ARE REMOVED FROM THE AIRWAYS

This is a film of Cilia in the airways….

EXCHANGE OF GASES ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

WHAT MAKES THE LUNGS GOOD FOR GAS EXCHANGE ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

You need to know the path followed by the Blood as it passes through the heart ! ! !

The Heart has it’s own BLOOD SUPPLY from these CORONARY ARTERIES

Heart Fact sheet ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THE OTHER BITS... Look at some pictures of blood vessels and discuss How their structure is related to their function

What’s the difference ? Artery Vein

Arteries have thick muscular walls….. Why ? Why can you feel a pulse in Arteries ?

… and this is a vein,with it’s valve Why do veins have valves ?

What is the Blood made up of ?

… The red team Why is this cell different ? Concave shape increases surface area To carry more oxygen as OXYHAEMOGLOBIN

… and the White team The white cells protect and KILL !

And not forgetting… They are involved in blood clots

LOVE IS LIKE... OXYGEN ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],All cells use up oxygen to release ENERGY

BLOOD PLASMA... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],This exchange of substances takes place In the blood CAPILLARIES

What’s so good about Capillaries ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

This sub-topic looks at… …… How they all work together

We have two eyes because… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using two eyes like this is called BINOCULAR VISION

Binocular vision... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],What type of animals will binocular vision Be useful to ?

BINOCULAR VISION is particularly useful to PREDATORY animals. ... It enables them to judge distance accurately Before pouncing on their prey !

What do the parts of this eye do ?

Did you get them right ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],… it helps to focus the light coming to the eye ..it adjusts the size of the PUPIL in response to changing levels of light ..muscles attached to it change its thickness to adjust focusing

Other parts you need to know... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The optic nerve is the only part of the brain that Is visible without surgery !!!!! Why is this ?

We have two Ears because... ,[object Object],[object Object]

What do the parts of the Ear do ?

You Should know that... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Where does the sound go ? ,[object Object],[object Object],What other structures does the Auditory nerve Link to the Brain ????

... Semi-Circular Canals ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],As always in Biology, STRUCTURE is related to FUNCTION…

More about Balance... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The BRAIN uses this 3-Dimensional information From the SEMI-CIRCULAR CANALS and the Other information from the EYES and LIMBS To help control BALANCE and tell us which way Up we are !!! COORDINATION IN ACTION

The Human Nervous System.. What are its components ??? Which of these parts make up the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM ???

Reactions to Stimuli… ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Do you know what happens next ???

The BRAIN sorts out the information and decides what action is needed... Other nerves then carry IMPULSES To the appropriate muscles These muscles then make the appropriate response...

What is a REFLEX ACTION ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Why are reflex actions very quick ???

… because there is a direct link in the CNS between the sensory nerves and The motor nerves for a correct response

Human Brains... The parts WHAT DO YOU NEED TO KNOW ?

Brain Parts………. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Sub topic D – Changing levels of Performance

Muscle fatigue…….. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

It’s all about the Oxygen ! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Anaerobic Respiration... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],… But… This causes problems….

... Payback time !!! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],... THE OXYGEN DEBT...

So what is ‘recovery time’? ,[object Object],[object Object],so how does this work then ????

Some biology facts... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Is this why your pulse and breathing rates Increase when you exercise ????

How do you decrease Recovery Time ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],So the fitter you are, the shorter your recovery time will be...

What does Training do ? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],So what effects does all this have on your body ?????

... And so ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],So your pulse rate can stay LOWER !

... So remember... ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Training allows you to exercise for longer and harder before MUSCLE FATIGUE sets in ...

TRAINING CAN BE FOR EVERYBODY !!!

The Body In Action

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The Body In Action