Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the UK, with around 20% of deaths attributed to conditions like atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is the hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup, which contains fat, calcium, and fibrous tissue. High blood pressure and chemicals in tobacco smoke can damage artery walls, allowing plaque to form. Over time, plaque hardens and reduces artery elasticity, risking aneurysm, hemorrhage, or blockages cutting off blood flow to organs or the brain, which can lead to stroke. Angina chest pain occurs when plaque limits blood to the heart, and thrombosis is a dangerous clot that can block coronary arteries. Quick medical care is
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