1. Non Modifiable Risk Factors:
-Family history of Heart Disease
-Increase age
Modifiable Risk Factors:
-Hyperlipidemia
-Cigarette smoking -Obesity
-Hypertension -Physical Inactivity
-Diabetes Mellitus
Atherosclerosis
Coronary Artery Dissection
tion
Coronary artery spasm
Decreased ATP production
Atheromatous Plaque
Beginning of thrombus
Platelet activation and aggregation
Blocks coronary
arteries
Plaque Ruptured
Inside wall of coronary artery separates
Reduce blood flow
Narrowing and hardening of arterial
wall
Increase HR
diaphoresis
Acidosis
Dizziness, headache, confusion
c
Increase RR and depth
Nausea & Vomiting
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF ACS

2. Decreased pumping action of the heart
(decreased cardiac output)
Insufficient blood supply to the heart
Myocardial Dysfunction
Myocardial Infarction
Myocardial Ischemia
Necrosis
Scar tissue formation
Irreversible damage to the myocardium
CARDIOVASCULAR DEATH
Atrial and ventricular
ischemia
DOB, weakness
Decreased cerebral oxygenation
Angina pectoris
Imbalance action potential
Na , K, Ca
Altered electrical activity
of the heart
Arrhythmia
Prolong acidosis
Distended neck veins
Abnormal lung sounds
Hypoperfussion,
Hypotension
Heart failure
Cardiogenic shock
Prolong ischemia