1. Connections: A World History
Second Edition
1
Chapter
The Emergence of
Human Societies to
3000 B.C.E.
Connections: A World History, Second Edition
Edward H. Judge • John W. Langdon

2. Fossils and cultural artifacts, such as these
dramatic paintings on cave walls in southern
France, provide us with insights into the lives and
societies of early humans.

3. The Emergence of Human Societies,
to 3000 B.C.E.
A. Our Earliest Ancestors
B. The Origins and Impact of Agriculture
C. The Emergence of Complex Societies

4. Our Earliest Ancestors

5. Our Earliest Ancestors
A. Hominids and Cultural Adaptation
1. Hominid adaptation through
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intelligence
B. Foraging, Family, and Gender
1. Foraging bands
2. Family, gender, and child rearing
3. Social cooperation

6. Early hominid tools.

7. Our Earliest Ancestors
C. Ice Age Migrations and Homo Sapiens
1. Migration to Eurasia
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2. Evolution of Homo Sapiens
3. Development of intellectual and
linguistic skills
4. Population growth
5. Migration to Australia and Americas

8. FOUNDATION MAP 1.1
The Great Ice Age, 2,000,000–8000 B.C.E.

9. MAP 1.2
Humans Inhabit the Continents, 200,000–10,000
B.C.E.

10. Our Earliest Ancestors
D. Physical and Cultural Diversity
1. A single species
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2. The environment and cultural diversity
D. Paleolithic Cultural and Spiritual
Perspectives
1. Symbolic and artistic expression
2. Rituals and religion

11. Venus figurine.

12. Our Earliest Ancestors
F. Intercultural Connections and Conflicts
1. Commercial connections
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2. Conflict over resources

13. The Origins and Impact of
Agriculture

14. The Origins and Impact of
Agriculture
A. The Origins of Farming and Herding
1. West Asian beginnings
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2. Climate and settled agriculture
3. Settlement, population, and
productivity
4. Animal husbandry

15. MAP 1.3
Agriculture Emerges in West Asia, 9000–8000
B.C.E.

16. The Origins and Impact of
Agriculture
B. Agricultural Innovation and Expansion
1. Agricultural diversity and dissemination
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2. Agricultural innovation
3. Farming and population growth

17. MAP 1.4
Agriculture Develops and Spreads, 9000 B.C.E. –
1000 C.E.

18. The Origins and Impact of
Agriculture
C. Foragers, Hunter-Farmers, and Pastoral
Nomads
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1. Persistence of foraging and other social
patterns
2. Connections between nomads and settled
farmers

19. The Origins and Impact of
Agriculture
D. Agricultural Society: Village, Family, and
Land
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1. Village life
2. Growth and social complexity
3. Farming, family, and gender
D. The Impact of Agriculture
1. The disadvantages of farming
2. Surpluses

20. Women and men doing farm work in the Americas.

21. The Emergence of
Complex Societies

22. The Emergence of Complex
Societies
A. Towns, Cities, Occupations, and Religion
1. Surplus food and urbanization
Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458. All rights reserved.
2. Economic specialization
3. The growth of organized religion
4. Political elites
B. States and Civilizations
1. Political centralization
2. The power of cities
3. Civilization and rivers

23. MAP 1.5
Early States and Civilizations Emerge in River
Valleys, 4000–2000 B.C.E.

24. Key Dates and Developments
Paleolithic Period/Pleistocene Epoch Neolithic Period