Great Expectations: The life and times of 5G. Vish (Vishwamitra) Nandlall, VP Technology Strategy & Ecosystems, Dell Technologies. 5G as technology platform provides fuel for a vast galaxy of use cases, but has not yet realised its potential beyond better broadband. 5G as a business will be a co-evolution of demand, complementary technologies, and practice. Where are we in that evolution, what is the friction and what is it’s likely fate? Recommendations for the TADS community on when and where to focus in 5G.

1. What question is 5G the answer for ?
Vish Nandlall, Vice-President Advanced Wireless
November 9, 2022

2. Agenda
1. A brief history of cellular in North America
2. Silly rabbit, 5G is not for consumers
3. Useful models for prediction
4. Three likely truths

3. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3 of Y
Internal Use - Confidential
Connect people and places
Feature Phone
Voice, SMS, Data
Voice Plans
+111 million Sub Adds
0% Smartphone Penetration
+$5 / sub ARPU Trend
We have an app for that
Smartphone
App store, Video
Data Plans
+50 million Sub Adds
15% Smartphone Penetration
+$5 / sub ARPU Trend
Edge Computing ?
Network Slicing ?
Bundles ?
Flat Subs
93% Smartphone Penetration
Flat ARPU Trend
Value Created
Value Delivered
Value Captured
Market
FWA ?
Industry 4.0 ?
Metaverse ?
3G
2001
4G
2009
5G
2019
Looking back to look foward

4. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
4
Internal Use - Confidential
Will Enterprise Save 5G ?
Private Cellular Segment TAM
Private cellular networks TAM is large &
growing
There is an intuition that the TAM is under-
stated…
…adoption has been limited due to cost,
integration, complexity, substitutes and
control.
11.7 BUSD
28.2% CAGR
(Source:TSB)
Cost
• The cost/sqft for SMBs is too high to justify
enterprise investment.
• The lack of operational leverage across the fixed
costs of the packet core, SAS, and SIM
provisioning tilt $/sqft over the affordability
threshold ($0.20/sqft)
Integration
• Traditional products were developed for carrier
networks first, and require custom integration to
accommodate enterprise networking policies
Control
• No separation of concerns between service
provider and enterprise policy control.
Complexity
• Significant operating cost bottleneck to manage a
wireless network and to negotiate interconnect
agreements with wireless carriers
Friction to Cellular Enterprise Deployments

5. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Internal Use - Confidential 5 of Y
What needs to be true for Enterprise Private 5G ?
Three Models of Enterprise Cellular Service Model Description
• In the MSO model, all infrastructure and
spectrum is owned and managed by the
MSO. Buildings that are outside the coverage
of the provider network are addressed on the
merit of the individual business case. Key
enterprise policy/config control deficits could
be addressed through network slicing.
• The Enterprise Model reduces the
complexity of negotiating with an MSO for
specific configurations, but places the burden
on the enterprise to own, build and manage
the network (there is an emerging managed
services market to address this issue, e.g.
CTS).
• The Neutral Host Model provides a layer of
abstraction between the enterprise and
carrier, containing complexity in the neutral
host and providing a vehicle to share costs
across multiple operators and multiple
enterprises.
MSO
MVNE
Interconnect
1
2
3
Enterprise Enterprise
Neutral
Host
1 2 3
MSO Enterprise Neutral Host

6. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6 of Y
Internal Use - Confidential
A Prediction Model for Wireless Infrastructure
INSTALLATION DEPLOYMENT
5 to 8 years 5 to 8 years
2019
5G starts
2025
5G
2030
6G starts
Technology
Adoption
Turning
Point
Crisis &
Consolidation
Rapid growth as new 5G
coverage network is put in
place
Funded by financial capital
derived from investment &
speculation
Leads to a speculative frenzy
and a structural crisis
Golden Age, steady growth
as 5G capacity is rolled out
Funded by production capital
from profits
Leads to technology maturity
and capacity exhaustion
WE ARE HERE

7. Industrial Automation
URLCC & eMTC
• The IIoT transformation will drive increased flexibility of production lines enabling
profitable high-mix low-volume products and unleashing near-shoring of manufacturing.
Digital Divide
3GPP NTN
• Planet-wide cellular coverage will close the usage gap for mobile services (currently at
41% of the global population)
AR/VR/MR & Cloud
Gaming
Edge Datacenters & Network
Slicing
• Immersive new experiences coming soon ?
~2027
~2028
2025+
Commercial
Timing
Deployment Phase Candidates

8. Rise of the Machines
Industrial Automation
Note: Assuming: (1) robot density reaches that of Germany; (2) robot density of the non-auto industries catches up with that of the
auto industry, China being an example; and (3) vision penetration reaches that of Japan.
Source: IFR, Optech, GMTA, company reports (Fanuc), and Dell OCTO estimates and analysis
1123
475
379
100 100 100
Industrial Robot Density Industrial Robot Density Machine Vision
World Best Non-Auto Auto World Best
100
1000
World (2022) World (2027)
IIoT / Digital Twin
4x to 10x increase in industrial automation based on available technology
per
10000
workers
/
per
10000
robots
Even without magical new technologies, we can conceive of a 4 to 10-fold increase in
automation content if the world catches up to today's state-of-the-art automation adoption,
and a 5-fold increase in IIoT deployments based on current adoption trends
A combination of market and technology trends will pour more fuel on this fire
Source: Company reports (Fanuc, Keyence, US Robotics), and Dell OCTO estimates and analysis
Political support targeting EV investments and sovereign manufacturing policies, labour
scarcity, and nearshoring is driving demand, while supply-side technologies such AI/ML, 3D
vision, and IIoT are increasing the flexibility of repurposing robotic production lines for new
products and increasing precision to address commercial electronics and other non-auto
industries.

9. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
9 of Y
Internal Use - Confidential
Digital Divide
Autonomous Driving
Remote Edge DC
Smart Cities
Satellites are in the
news
T-Mobile and SpaceX
What has changed ?
• Cellular and satellite technology have
historically been communication siloes
(for instance, it was not possible for a
conventional cellphone to connect
directly with a satellite due to power
limitations)
• Several new technologies allow cellular
and satellite systems to interwork,
providing the benefit of global satellite
coverage (at a 100x cost advantage) to
cellular networks:
• LEO cost effectiveness
• Large aperture antenna
• 5G NTN & handset silicon
support
New Opportunities
AT&T / Vodafone and ASTM
iPhone 14 Satellite “SoS”
Planetary Connectivity
Space Based Cellular

10. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
10 of Y
Internal Use - Confidential
Platform Region Coverage Density
(106 mi2)
AWS EC2
Global 24 0.13
US 6 1.58
AWS Wavelength + Local Zones US 14 3.70
MS Azure
Global 33 0.17
US 8 2.11
Azure Edge Zones US 5 1.32
Google Cloud
Global 24 0.13
US 8 2.10
While there is tribal appreciation for the
benefits of edge computing, there is very
little practical guidance regarding market fit
for edge, notably:
1. Which workloads benefit from edge
resources ?
2. Where and how should I consume
edge ?
The answers are not obvious, and depend
on several deeper questions.
1. From end users’ perspective, what is
the performance of metro edge
platforms compared to cloud, in
terms of the end-to-end network delay,
throughput, and the application QoE ?
5G Edge Reality Check
AR/VR & Cloud Gaming

11. Copyright © Dell Inc. All Rights Reserved.
11 of Y
Internal Use - Confidential
The median RTTs between users and the nearest
edge DC are:
1. 10.5ms/34.2ms/11.7ms for WiFi/LTE/5G
networks, which are 1.89×/1.42×/1.35× lower
than the nearest cloud DC (Azure/AWS),
respectively. Note local breakout has not been
implemented.
2. The reduced network jitter is even more
significant (∼5×). However, the metro edge still
cannot (or barely) meet the requirements of
delay-critical applications like cloud VR/AR
(5ms–20ms).
a. This is because the nearest server of the metro edge
is still 5–12 (median: 8) hops away from end users,
instead of 1–2 hops as commonly envisioned for
edge computing.
Placing gaming backend on nearby metro edges can
help achieve less than 100ms response delay. To
further enhance the experience, we need to improve
the server-side gaming execution. More specifically,
adapting the gaming to multi-core systems with high
parallelism and applying hardware acceleration (e.g.,
GPU) are recommended approaches.
Gaming Response Times & AR/VR Latency
AR/VR & Cloud Gaming

12. Thank You