It is the process of making uniform coins from metals and stamping them with a specific design as a guaranty of its weight and fineness and the integrity of the country it represents.

1. Coinage
■It is the process of making
uniform coins from metals
and stamping them with a
specific design as a
guaranty of its weight and
fineness and the integrity of
the country it represents.

2. KINDS
OF
COINAGE

3. ■1. Gratuitous Coinage or Free
Coinage
is a system where by money
metals or metals be brought by the
government mint and converted
into standard money without any
charge or any expense for minting
except for the delay involved in the
process.

4. 2. Brassage
■Is the kind of coinage
where the fee charged
by the government to
mint metals into coins is
just sufficient to cover
the cost of minting.

5. 2. Limited Coinage
■ Is a system adopted by a country
whereby the government converts
metals into coins only on its option.
Since there is no privilege of free
coinage in such case, these coins are
the result of what is known as limited
coinage.
■ Bear heavy seiniorage charge, there
face value is considerably greater
than the value of the metal they

6. Key points:
PAPER/NOTES:
 Paper
background Design
Portrait
Color of each denomination
Watermark
Style and Size of Serial Number
Security Fiber Vignette
Security Thread Cleanliness

7. COINS
 Even flow of Metallic
Grains
High Relief of Letter and
Numerals
Regularity of reedings and
beadings.

8. Genuine vs. Fake
The fingers can
readily feel the
main prints on
the front and
back of fairly
new notes.
Embossed
effect
1. Paper

9. 2. Portrait
Appears life-
like. The Eyes
Sparkle.
Each portrait
stands out
distinctively
from the
background.
Appears “dead”.
Dull , smudgy
and poorly
printed.
Off-color and not
of right shade or
tone.

10. 3.Watermark
Watermark is the
same as the
colored portrait.
Sharp details of
the outline of the
light and shadow
effect are
discernable when
viewed with the
aide of
transmitted light .
.coarse or harsh
and occasional
irregular lines and
sometimes
opaque are very
obvious.

11. 4.Security Thread
Special
thread
placed
vertically on
the paper
during
manufactur
e.

12. 5.Security Fibers
Stimulated by
printed lines,
can’t be pick
off but can be
easily erased
by rubber or
agitating with
wet fingers.

13. 6. Background Designs
Multi-colored
and are
composed of
sharp lines
which are
continuous
and traceably
even at the
joints.
Often blurred ,
rough, blotch on
the intersection
resulting in the
different color
scheme making
the general
appearance
faded or darker.

14. 7.Color of each
Denomination
Lack the
vividness of
color
Polychrome
background
with one
predominant
color of each
denomination

15. 8.Serial Number
The prefix(s) and
numbers are
clearly printed.
Peculiar style and
are uniform in
size and
thickness.
Spacing of
numbers is in
uniform and
alignment is even.
The letters and
number are poorly
printed.
Not evenly spaced
and are poorly
aligned, either too
big or too small,
too thick or too
thin.

16. 9.Vignette
The lines and dots
composing the
vignette are fine,
distinct and
sharp; the varying
color tone gives
“bold-look” to the
picture that make
it “stand out”of
the paper.
Usually dull or
poorly printed.
They appear dirty.
There's no
variation in color
tone so the
picture appears
flat.

17. 10.Cleanliness of Print
Printed
features is
perfect.
The lines are
very clean and
sharp.
There are no
blurs clung to
the sides.
Looks dirty due to
spattering of ink
on the interior
area.
The shading and
ornamentation of
the letters and
figures are thick
and usually