Brs Mdm3 Tif Ch08 Essay

Brs Mdm3 Tif Ch08 Essay
Managerial Decision Modeling w/ Spreadsheets, 3e (Balakrishnan/Render/Stair) Chapter 8 Decision
Analysis 8.1 Chapter Questions 1) Determining the best payoff for each alternative and choosing the
alternative with the "best of the best" is the approach called: A) maximax B) maximin C) Laplace D)
minimax regret E) expected monetary value Answer: A Page Ref: 323 Topic: Decision Making
Under Uncertainty Difficulty: Moderate 2) Determining the worst payoff for each alternative and
choosing the alternative with the "best of the worst" is the approach called: A) maximax B) maximin
C) Laplace D) minimax regret E) expected monetary value Answer: B Page Ref: 323 Topic:
Decision Making Under Uncertainty Difficulty: Moderate 3) The ... Show more content on
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E) none of the above Answer: B Page Ref: 329 Topic: Decision Making Under Risk Difficulty:
Moderate 14) Which of the following statements concerning decision trees is FALSE? A) Decision
nodes are represented by a square. B) Outcome nodes are represented by a circle. C) EMV is
calculated at each outcome. D) The alternative is chosen with the highest EMV. E) Decision trees
are solved by starting at the first decision node and moving forward. Answer: E Page Ref: 332
Topic: Decision Trees Difficulty: Easy 15) Which of the following statements the use of decision
trees in multi–stage decision making problems is FALSE? A) Multi–stage decision making problems
involve a sequence of decisions. B) EVSI is an upper bound for the EVPI. C) Multi–stage decision
making problems using decision trees are solved moving backward. D) EVSI measure the value of
sample information. E) The efficiency of sample information is a ratio of EVSI to EVPI. Answer: B
Page Ref: 338 Topic: Decision Trees for Multistage Decision–Making Problems Difficulty: Easy 16)
The minimum guaranteed amount you are willing to accept to avoid the risk associated with a
gamble is referred to as the ________. A) risk premium B) certainty equivalent C) EVPI D) EMV E)
EVSI Answer: B Page Ref: 346 Topic: Utility Theory Difficulty: Easy 17) The EMV that a person is
willing to give up in order to avoid the risk associated with a gamble is referred to as the ________.
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Avalanche Corporation
Avalanche Corporation
Decision Analysis and Strategic Recommendation
Table of Contents Table of Contents 1 Overview 2 Question 1: Production Strategy 2 Question 2:
Sensitivity Analysis 3 Question 3: Influence of Outside Vendor 5 Question 4: Alternative Risk
Profiles 6 Question 5: Are Fantastic Forecasters Worth It? 7 Conclusions 7 Appendix 8 Figure A:
Precision Tree (Question 1) 8 Figure B: Cost Calculation Table 9 Figure C: Profit Calculation Table
9 Figure D: Tornado Graph 10 Figure E: Tornado Graph Data 11 Figure F: Spider Graph 12 Figure
G: Decision Tree (No Outsourcing Available) 13 Figure H: Sensitivity of Decision Tree (with Data)
14 Figure I: Strategy Region (with Data) 15 Figure J: ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Precision Tree calculated the EMV for medium and high production which resulted in an outcome of
$1,025,000 and $850,000 respectively. Therefore the decision with the highest predicted payoff
would be to choose the batch flow and to produce 15,000 items.
Question 2: Sensitivity Analysis In order to get a better understanding of what the key inputs or
most sensitive input variables were, a sensitivity analysis was conducted on all of the inputs
involved in this case. For the sensitivity analysis an arbitrary number of 25% was chosen to vary the
inputs in order to analyze their effects on the EMV. For the sake of clarity and simplicity we then
decided to focus on several of the main inputs (and combinations of these inputs) that had the
greatest effect on the EMV or were deemed necessary for analysis. These were: * Sales Price *
Quantity of High or low Demand * Probability of High Demand * Outsource Cost * Clearance Cost
As we can see from the tornado graph [Figures D & E] the EMV of the decision tree was most
sensitive to the variations in the sales price of the avalanche racer. An increase/decrease of 25% of
the sales price of the Avalanche Racer led to an approximate increase/decrease of the EMV by 90%
which is statistically significant. This was further supported by the spider graph [Figure F], in which
the sales price was also shown as having the

Customer Privacy Of The Hospitality Service Industry Essay
The evolving technology that helps provide services efficiently, assists in workload and support
employee function can also aid in customer privacy issues and company espionage. With businesses
moving from paper to digital, the risk of data breaches increases. Advancement in technology opens
the possibility of greater issues in privacy. In the hospitality industry where privacy is one of the top
priorities, customers expect the utmost confidentiality from this type of companies. The hospitality
service industry is an easy target for data security infiltration. Hotel payment card data are stored
longer with the practice of booking rooms in advance. Moreover, credit card data are stored during
the duration of the stay and even longer to cover payments of restaurant bills and other services.
Multiple hotel chains like Hyatt, Sheraton, Trump, Hilton and Mandarin Orinetal have admitted to
having their POS or point–of–sale systems hacked in 2015. POS systems are both the physical
technology and software used in financial transactions between the merchant and its customer. In
situations where there is a breach in a hotel information system, hotels have their standard
procedures on how to handle these situations. Organisations involved also implement guidelines and
requirements that are needed to ensure that data breach does not happen or happen again.
Starwood Hotels and Resorts Worldwide, a hotel and leisure company with around 1,275 properties
under multiple brands posted on its

Pros And Cons Of The Dawn Of Smartcards : What You Want...
The Dawn of SmartCards: What you Need to Know about Plastc, Coin 2, and Swyp Digital wallets,
digital bankcards, digital credit cards and digital loyalty cards are becoming more and more popular.
The driving force behind them is the removal of cards from your wallet. Instead of having a wallet
full of cards, you have a digital account, and if you have a SmartCard, then you may take one card
out with you and access all your card accounts with it. The Pros And Cons Of Digital Wallets And
SmartCards The biggest benefit of digital wallets and SmartCards is that you may access your cards
with your phone and/or computer without having your card in your hand, and there is added security
by the fact you cannot lose your digital card on the bus. The downside is that hackers are doing their
double best to hack the card companies, their apps, and to install malware on people's phones to
access their digital cards. Plastc, Coin, and Swyp do not store your card information on servers, all
your card numbers are stored on the SmartCard and the information is encrypted. Optional Perks
That Digital Wallets And SmartCards May Have Checking your balance is a little easier, and
cancelling your cards may also be easier, though that depends on the issuing company. The ability to
lock and unlock your card is a perk that many people happily welcome, but again, whether you get
that perk depends on the issuing company. Being able to sign in quickly via your mobile or desktop
device is a

Myths, And Confusion Revolving Around The Newly Released...
Introduction
This paper attempts to dispel rumors, myths, and confusion revolving around the newly released
"chip cards." These modern cards with microchips imbedded in them have been around since the
early 1990's in France. Only until recently, October 1, 2015, have they become a standard in the
United States. Due to the numerous large scale financial card breaches affecting consumers and
retailers in since the year 2000, Target, Home Depot, TJX, and Heartland to name a few, the
financial institutions decided it was time to enhance security at point of sale (POS) terminals. This
self–imposed security enhancement would come at a great cost to merchants who would have to
upgrade their POS terminals and to the financial card companies who ... Show more content on
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Since this coalition has expanded more recently to include many American based companies,
American Express, JCB, Discover, and UnionPay the coalition has changed its name to EMVCo
(EMVCo 2016).
Fraud and theft doesn't just occur in Europe, so the big question is why didn't the United States
institute chip cards around the same time that Europe had in the 1990's? Philip Andreae believes that
"the U.S., the government prefers be more laissez–faire in the way the economy evolves. The
government has a certain role to play, but they don 't believe that they are in the position,
necessarily, to dictate how an industry, the card industry, is to move forward..." (Kitten, 2011).
However, with recent events in the news and technological advancements there is a new push
towards changes in the United States.
Push for the EMV standard in the United States Large companies have been in the news in the past
years due to data breaches. Companies such as Target, Home Depot, and TJX brands have brought
credit card fraud under scrutiny. How safe are consumers shopping during this day and age? The
Economist (2014) has found that since the year 2003, the United States is responsible for 25% of the
global market of financial card payments. At the same time the U.S. is also responsible for 50% of
the world's loss due to fraud. Between 2004 and 2010, signature based cards accounted for 91% of

Quantitative Methods for Business
Question 1 (a)
Question 1 (b)
Revised probabilities for Survey study: | Conditional Probability | | Posterior Probability | State of
Nature | P(Favourable result|State of Nature) | Prior Probability | Joint Probability | P(State of
Nature|Favourable result) | Successful Market | 0.70 | × 0.50 | = 0.35 | 0.350.45=0.78 | Unsuccessful
Market | 0.20 | × 0.50 | = 0.10 | 0.100.45=0.22 | P(Favourable result) = | 0.45 | 1.00 |
| Conditional Probability | | Posterior Probability | State of Nature | P(Unfavourable result |State of
Nature) | Prior Probability | Joint Probability | P(State of Nature|Unfavourable result) | Successful
Market | 0.30 | × 0.50 | = 0.15 | ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If more beds are acquired, Mt. Sinai Hospital will have immediate additional cost of purchasing
more beds as well as additional cost in the x–ray department as serving more patients will results in
handling more x–rays. This optimal solution will use up its maximum unutilized capacity of 7,000
more x–rays.
(c) Laboratory tests: 3.1m + 2.6s ≤ 15000
Optimal solution: m= 2790.909, s= 2104.545
Laboratory tests: 3.1(2790.909) + 2.6(2104.545) = 14123.63 ≈ 14124
The laboratory is not utilized to its maximum capacity. The laboratory is capable of handling
another 15,000 tests per year. In this optimal solution, there will be another 14,124 lab tests only.
Hence, it is able to perform 876 more lab tests (15,000–14,124) per year.
If Mt. Sinai Hospital acquires more lab space, there will be no additional cost until it reached its
maximum capacity of 15,000 additional lab tests. However, there will be additional cost if it exceeds
its maximum capacity.
(d) X–ray: 1m + 2s ≤ 7000
Optimal solution: m= 2790.909, s= 2104.545
X–ray: 1(2790.909) + 2(2104.545) = 7000
The x–ray facility is being used to its maximum of 7,000 x–rays in this optimal solution. The x–ray
department could not perform more than additional 7,000 x–rays per year without significant
additional cost. If Mt. Sinai Hospital acquires more x–ray facilities, a significant additional cost
would be incurred which is not favourable.

(e) Operating room:

Facts About Identity Theft
Facts You Should Know About Identity Theft. How Child Identity Theft Happens. (n.d.): n. pag.
How Child Identity Theft Happens. Experian, 2007. Web. 2015.
Family Secure tells you all about what identity theft actually is all about and all, the fact on how to
really secure yourself. It teaches you about how is happens and where it can happen at. You are truly
never safe from identity theft. It tells you how you can get your identity taken as just a child when
they haven't even had a chance yet.
"FAQ: Chip–Enabled Card Acceptance (EMV)." EMV Chip Card Technology FAQs. N.p., 2015.
Web. 28 Sept. 2015.
This article is very in depth on the EMV cards. It tells you all you need to know such as how to use
them or when they will really start using them. They are pretty much making credit cards just as
secure as debit but just a little more intense. It tells you how the card works and how you use it on a
more simple way ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Identity Theft Remains the Top U.S. Consumer Complaint." N.p., 27 Feb. 2014. Web. 2015.
This article by Jamie white was made in purpose is to inform everyone on how identity theft has
really affected the United States. Its show all the number of people effect in 2014. Give numbers on
complaints the FTC received. She tells you also about credit card fraud that had conspired in the
year of 2014. She also informs you of the main targeted group ages to watch out for and simple
helpful tips on what to look for.
Zezima, Katie. "Obama Signs Order to Protect Consumers from Identity Theft." Washington Post.
The Washington Post, 17 Oct. 2014. Web. 28 Sept. 2015.
This news report last year of 2014 told us about the new credit cards coming in with a little silver
chip in them. This chip is call an EMV this chip makes it harder for credit fraud. It makes you now
put in a pin with your credit card therefor making in more difficult to hack. This report is giving
information president Obama had said at a Consumer Financial Protection

Case Study Issi
DISC 321 Submitted to: Kamran Ali Chatha Submitted by: Group 6 17110271 17110321 17110129
17110326 This case study sheds light on the value of information as Integrating Siting Systems INC
(ISSI) has to make a decision on whether to conduct a test or go with a regular decisionmaking
process in deciding whether to produce a standard or robust system. Our aim is to decide whether
we should install the standard system, the robust system or to carry out a test that would help us
make a better decision. Assumptions: 1. Cost of reputation lost in case of Faulty system is $
100,000. 2. We have assumed that there are only two possible outcomes if the test is imperfect i.e.
whatever the system turns out to be (bad or good) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
However in this case the assumption that it would cost them $100,000 in monetary terms seems
fairly adequate. However from a marketing viewpoint, reputation is worth a lot. If you put it in
monetary terms then if I expect that the less of reputation will cost be $1,100,000 or more, then I
will change my decision to install a robust system because then the EMV of installing a standard
system would be equal to or lower than that of the robust system. What is this test worth to you?
What would you pay for a perfect information? The test provides us with expected value of
information which helps us to evaluate our decision with cases where the information is not clear.
Furthermore, the uncertainty regarding the decision, despite coming at the cost of $50,000, is
resolved before a particular choice of selecting the standard or robust choice is made. However,
once the decision is made, the market will take its course of action. It is simply the fact that ISSI has
a fair idea of the possible outcome. If ISSI does not carry out the test, it will only have the option to
either install the standard system or the robust system. The dilemma in this decision is that either
ISSI will install the standard system and earn a profit of $300,000 which has a probability of 90% or
a loss of $200,000 if the system does not work which has a probability of 10%. On the other hand if
the robust system is installed ISSI will

Assignment : Securing Information Systems
Assignment 8: Securing Information Systems
Solution to Question 1:
Computer crime is defined by the U.S. Department of Justice as any violations of criminal law that
involve knowledge of computer technology for their perpetration, investigation, or prosecution.
Computer crime laws in many states prohibit a person from performing certain acts without
authorization, including:
Improperly accessing a computer, system, or network;
Modifying, damaging, using, disclosing, copying, or taking programs or data;
Introducing a virus or other contaminant into a computer system;
Using a computer in a scheme to defraud;
Interfering with someone else 's computer access or use;
Using encryption in aid of a crime;
Falsifying e–mail source information; and
Stealing an information service from a provider.
Losing a computer or a web account due to cybercrime can be very detrimental, especially as we
continue to depend on more and more on these networks to conduct business. There are, however,
certain things you can do to help protect yourself crime. First, much of cybercrime is fraud
involving the use of a computer. Learn the warning signs of fraudulent behavior and wire fraud. Be
extremely careful when giving out sensitive personal information such as social security numbers
and bank account access codes over the internet.
Example of crime in which computers are targets are listed below:
Breaching the confidentiality of protected computerized data
Accessing a computer

Fast Tracking Design And Construction Phases Essay
Fast Tracking Design and Construction Phases. The implementation phase of the Chunnel Tunnel
was rife with risks and issues as the project team opted to fast track the design and construction
phases of the project (Anbari, et al.,2005, p. 12). Fast tracking is described by the Project
Management Institute (2013, p. 540) as a schedule compression technique in which activities or
phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
Typically, project teams use this technique in hopes of shortening the delivery timeframe with the
knowledge that this approach makes the project susceptible to additional risks (Anbari, et al.,2005,
p. 10). The Chunnel Tunnel project team chose to fast track overlap the execution of these two
phases due to schedule delays and cost overruns in previous phases. For the project team,
compressing the construction time was crucial to ensure that the project objectives would be
completed. In time, banks and private investors recognized the incremental risks associated with
continuous delays and began weighing in on project decisions to minimize risks (Anbari, et al.,2005,
p. 9). Financial stakeholders expected a return on investment (ROI) and the project team allowed
them to have too much control when recommending risk mitigation strategies (Anbari, et al.,2005,
p. 9). Thus, subcontractor contracts were changes to fixed price contract and later resulted in a
contractor claim (Anbari, et al.,2005, p. 9).

The Adoption Of The Euro Pay Mastercard And Visa
This study is about the adoption of the Euro pay MasterCard and Visa (EMV), the microchip
technology for checking debit, credit card transactions payments among the corporations in the
United States due to high range of cybercrimes. The magnetic stripe that is the standard feature of
issuing payment cards is replaced by the EMV chip which is more secured. The encrypted chip
provides the safer processing and storing of data with the embedded microchip of chip–and–
signature and it's difficult to copy the card data. This technological change came into existence due
to the Target Corporation data breach in 2013. The U.S. organizations have suffered severe financial
losses due to data breaches of which Target Corporation was the major victim of ... Show more
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This study recommends IT professionals changing to EMV chip cards would help them to protect
data from breaching which is very important for the Banks, Retail Stores. After the data breach held
in Target Corporation 2013, all the IT professionals working for the organizations should know that
building the trust and customer confidence, is not as difficult to invest in EMV chip Card readers. In
July 2014, Wal–Mart and Sam's Club were the first retailers in the U.S. to adopt the EMV chip card
readers.
Literature Review of EMV Chip Card: In the years 2013 and 2014, the security breaches has
increased over the past decade which affected millions of customers worldwide and dollars of
money. The security measures and the outdated technology were partially responsible of using
magnetic strip debit and credit cards instead of the latest technology like EMV chip cards. Many
nonprofit organizations like Smart Card Alliance has launched a website dedicated to helping U.S.
consumers, merchants and others understand the switch from magnetic stripe cards to EMV chip
technology (Stewart, 2012). Euro pay, MasterCard, and Visa formed a joint venture, EMVCo LLC,
in 1999 to provide the global acceptance of secure payment transactions──the inter–operation of
integrated circuit cards and compatible point of sale and

Chip Card Adoption Essay
Brief history of EMV adoption
(EMVCo, LLC, 2014) Chip cards were originally invented in 1977. The first mass deployment of
chip cards for payment by the banking industry was in France in 1984, driven by a need to reduce
high levels of fraud due to counterfeit and lost/stolen magnetic stripe cards. By 1994 all French
banks carried chip cards, deployed using the French specification called B0', and were able to
significantly reduce fraud. Based on this success, there was a spread of chip card adoption
throughout various markets in Europe in 1990s. Each of them had specifications tailored to their
local market. The inter–operability issues created a need for a global standard. Europay, Mastercard
and Visa joined together in 1994 to form EMV, in order to create a global standard and had their first
field trial in 1997. With 1.62 billion EMV–compliant payments cards in use worldwide, EMV has
certainly transformed the payments landscape.
Stakeholders
EMV evolved from its initial three members, into a consortium called EMVco formed in 1999,
consisting of Visa, Mastercard, JCB, American Express, China UnionPay, and Discover. It functions
as the standards body for EMV specifications and to ensure its global interoperability.
Along with EMVco, there are various stakeholders who are crucial to the successful adoption of
EMV. They are namely the merchants (acceptors), acquirers/processors, issuers/banks, payment
system integrators and value–added resellers (VAR). While deployments

Decision Tree Model
Instructor's Manual
Chapter 1
1
Chapter 1
I
1.1
Chapter Outline
A Decision Tree Model and Its Analysis The following concepts are introduced through the use of a
simple decision tree example (the Bill Sampras ' summer job decision): Decision tree Decision node
Event node Mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive set of events Branches and final values
Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Optimal decision strategy Introduction of the folding back or
backward induction procedure for solving a decision tree. Discussion on sensitivity analysis in a
decision tree. Summary of the General Method of Decision Analysis. Another Decision Tree Model
and Its Analysis Detailed formulation, discussion, and solution of the ... Show more content on
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If the forecast indicates a rainy day, she should cancel the show. If the forecast indicates a sunny
day, she should continue with the show. The EMV of this strategy is $6,200.
Manual to accompany Data, Models & Decisions: The Fundamentals of Management Science by
Bertsimas and Freund. Copyright 2000, South–Western College Publishing. Prepared by Manuel
Nunez, Chapman University.
Instructor's Manual
Chapter 1
4
1.2
(a) See decision tree above. (b) Once Monday 's bid is made, Newtone 's optimal strategy is to
accept the bid if it is a $3,000,000 bid and reject it if the bid is for $2,000,000. If Monday 's bid is

rejected, then accept Tuesday 's bid, regardless of the amount offered. The EMV of this strategy is
$2,600,000.
Manual to accompany Data, Models & Decisions: The Fundamentals of Management Science by
Bertsimas and Freund. Copyright 2000, South–Western College Publishing. Prepared by Manuel
Nunez, Chapman University.
Instructor's Manual
Chapter 1
5
1.3
(a) As shown in the table below, as p decreases James ' optimal decision changes as to take Meditech
's offer. A break–even analysis where we solve the equation 440p – 200(1–p) = 150 reveals that the
break–even probability is p=0.55. In other words, if the probability of successful 3D software is
below 0.55, then it is better for James to accept Meditech 's offer, otherwise continue with the
project.
Probability of Successful 3D Development p

Proposed Stand Alone Store Near The Auburn Market
The recommendation is for Shuzworld to build the proposed stand–alone store near the Auburn
market. As we will get into the details of this decision, it is important to understand the outcome and
recommendation early in case there are key questions to answer during the presentation. A decision
tree was used to analyze all of the data provided by Gloria Rodriguez. The results show that
Shuzworld should build a stand–alone store in Auburn. The decision tree analysis has broken down
the expected monetary value (EMV) for each alternative.
In the decision tree, the squares represent decision nodes. A decision node is where the decision
maker will need to chose between one or the other option presented. The decision maker will need
to evaluate the impacts and expected results of each option in order to intelligently choose the best
strategy. The other symbol in the decision tree is a circle. A circle represents a state of nature, which
is an occurrence where "the decision maker has little or no control." (Heizer & Render, 2001, p.
669)
The decision tree approach is the best method because of the multiple sequential decisions and
dependency of outcome between the decisions. Decision trees are best when there are two or more
sequential decisions. A decision tree should be structured to define the problem, write the decisions,
assign respective probabilities to each states of nature, and estimate the payoffs for each likely
combination. The end result is to solve for the "expected

Principles Of Public Finance : Market Failure
Analysis Principle of Public Finance 1 – Market Failure Will deploying the EMV technology protect
the U.S. payment systems from suffering market failure? Market Failure is present when card fraud
costs U.S. businesses billions of dollars. It was credit and debit card fraud cost $8.6 billion in 2014
and was estimated to increase to $10 billion or higher in 2015 (Austin, n.d.). This money spent on
these losses results in the inefficient use of funds or income by consumers, merchants, card issuers
and financial institutions. Understanding the benefits of EMV technology and the improvements
already shown in other countries, EMV will help lower card present fraud. Canada has seen a
reduction of card present fraud by 50% and the U.K. is down 72%, since the deployment of EMV
(Austin, n.d.). These facts only support the benefit of moving to EMV technology and the card
processers push with the EMV liability shift. A reduction in this level of card present fraud will
definitely help the U.S. payment systems avoid market failure from these fraudulent activities. An
additional concern with market failure is the United States ability to compete in the global market.
EMV is the technical standard for chip based cards and terminals around the world (First Data,
2011). At this time, Americans traveling in foreign countries are finding it increasingly difficult to
use their cards at EMV enabled terminals. Nearly 100% of all terminals in Europe are now chip
enabled, which does

International Guidance Essay
Memorandum To: Mr. Thomas Stearns, Project Manager, International Guidance and Controls
From: Date: October 2, 2012 RE: Software Project for CARV Command and Guidance System
_____________________________________________________________________ I have
recently received and reviewed your memorandum regarding your issue with the Confined Aquatic
Recovery Vehicle project. I have considered three options and their ability to save your company as
much money as possible while completing this project in a timely manner. The three alternatives I
considered were to immediately invest in hardware, to stay on your current path with the software
developments only or to wait and reevaluate your situation in five months. Each of these ... Show
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Lastly, option number three (Attachment 2), to wait five months and continue with software
developments and then reevaluate the progress of the situation, resulted in the lowest EMV of $3.29
million. For the third alternative, I have made sure to consider your estimates of the favorable and
unfavorable progress possibilities that could affect the situation in five months. For each of the
calculated EMV's, I assumed that two months was the maximum amount of extra time needed if the
software developments were not completed on time. As you stated in your memo, one or two
months extra would suffice for the developments but there is always a chance that two months will
not be enough time in which case the EMV would go up. I also assumed that your probabilities
would prove to be accurate. Variations in the probabilities would also cause the EMV to change.
Reputation Analysis: The EMV calculations previously discussed did not take into account the
intangible cost of a damaged reputation in the event that the project is not completed on time. The
costs cannot be certain because they have no concrete value but I have done my best to estimate the
impact of a damaged reputation based on the EMV calculations stated above (Attachment 3).
Continuing with your current software developments is immediately ruled out because the costs
continue to go up and are the highest of the three

Swot Analysis : The 20 / 20 Plan Primary
The 20/20 plan primary focuses on both the short term and long–term development and success of
Staples as a company. The short–tAmerican Express' broad array of services helps them to supply a
wide range of consumers. The company card services, travel services to customers and small, large
businesses. According to international usage from the SWOT analysis, one of the major advantages
of American Express is that its considered the safest credit card to use while traveling internationally
(Marketing91, 2016). In global recognition and high usage make American Express to a trusted
brand. American Express has a collaboration with multiple companies that provide loyalty
programs, card services etc., this makes sure that they keep up with ... Show more content on
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another important opportunity for this company is Innovative Schemes, Innovation is the key idea
that is a shaping corporate life, helping leaders conceive previously unimagined strategic
options.Innovative Schemes also accelerate profitable top–line revenue growth and enhancing
capabilities. Another opportunity that presents itself for American Express is an increase in usage of
debit cards.Penetration of debit cards from American Express is a great opportunity because
emerging economies have a lot of debit card users that withdraw cash and do transaction as a result
of this American Express is duly noted of playing a role.Last but not least Leveraging Financial
Brand equity American Express is a known brand in the financial community.It can leverage this
equity by offering more financial products and increasing its own turnover as well. American
Express opportunities will benefit the company in the long run for the greater good.
Threat: American Express is one of the top companies in the creditor industry. However, they are not
the only ones. American express has plenty of competition in the credit industry. Companies like
Master Card, Visa, Capital one and others are leaders in the credit industry

Reasons For Accepting Credit Card Payment
There are many things you must do if you want to stay on top of things and succeed in business.
However, in addition to the things you need to do, there are also certain things you need to know.
This is especially true when it comes to accepting credit card payments. As a merchant who is
running a business, the last thing you want to hear about is more rules and regulations, but
considering the recent EMV Credit Card Liability Shift, there is no time better than now for finally
going over some of the basic Guidelines for accepting credit cards.
There are a huge number of network guidelines issued for accepting card payments, and merchants
are expected to understand them all. Yet, few business owners ever actually read these guidelines.
Unfortunately, this is a notable source of avoidable issues down the road.
Although the extensive fine print and technical jargon in credit card guidelines may be a big turnoff,
it's important to be able to sift through the complicated wording and find the meaning within.
Luckily, you only have to know a few basic rules in order to keep your business going without being
penalized.
Reviewing the Rules for Visa, Mastercard, and Amex
Of course there's more than one way to process a credit card; you can take them in–store, online, and
by phone. And in addition to different ways to pay, there are of course different brands of cards. The
following covers some 'general' info regarding the BIG 3 and their policies that you 'need–to–know'.

Credit Card Theft Is Not For Hard Working Consumers...
No matter what precautions are taken, credit and debit card fraud will remain an enemy to hard
working consumers everywhere. Credit card thieves can use a variety of methods to attack the
consumer. ATMs can be used to steal information from a debit card transaction. Online predators
can steal credit card information through a click of a button. Stores can also be targeted through the
use of data mining in the magnetic card readers. Persistent consumer vigilance is needed if credit
card theft is to be avoided.
ATM machines with exorbitant fees have been thought to be acting as highway robbers, now they
may even have a thieving companion; Card scanners. By stealing the information off the credit card
as it is swiped the consumer is not even aware they have been attacked. Even if the consumer is
careful to hide their hand as they enter the PIN in order to withdraw money from an ATM, the
larcenist might still have a hidden camera or card reader to steal the card information. Erin Lowry, a
content director for a popular magazine was a victim of two different attacks on her credit identity;
she had $600 stolen from her account after using a shady ATM with a hidden scanner inside. The use
of a low security ATM is a consumer error, but with everyday stresses sometimes common sense is
abandoned in place of convenience. Larcenists will place these scanners inside ATM's located in low
socioeconomic areas with the intent to instantly copy the card numbers onto an embedded micro
storage

George S T Shirts Case Analysis Essay
Case Background
George Lassiter makes t–shirts for special events such as concerts. The upcoming concert presents
another opportunity for George to make and sell t–shirts; however the question is how many t–shirts
to produce. There are two fundamental case questions that must be answered:
1. What are the possible financial outcomes if Lassiter orders 5,000 T–shirts? 7,500? 10,000?
As shown in the Exhibit, a rather simple but detailed decision tree has been made which represents
the various options for George. The financial outcomes for the three different amounts of t–shirts
that he can provide are presented in tabular form, in the Appendix. Table 1 shows profit outcomes
for ordering 5000 shirts, Table 2 shows profit outcomes for ... Show more content on
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Thus, there is no actual guarantee or scenario where George would earn exactly $26,574; it is simply
the weighted average of profits and their likelihoods, if he had to make this decision a large number
of times. Furthermore, the EMV for 'Order 10,000 shirts' was $26,574; this was quite close to the
EMV for 'Order 7500 shirts', which was $24,181. Added to this, the payoffs for George from
choosing the different alternatives vary, and there are possibilities for George making a loss. EMV is
not a very accurate measure for George in this scenario and hence, a thorough risk analysis was
conducted.
The risk analysis immediately eliminates the 'Order 15,000 shirts' option (as did the EMV criteria)
because there is a 33% chance that George makes a loss with this option. This is a highly risky
option, with a high probability of loss, but at the same time, offers much higher payoffs. Due to
George's conservative nature in the past, we can safely say that he should not consider producing
15,000 t–shirts for the concert.
Having eliminated completely the option for producing 15,000 shirts, the analysis now focuses on
the remaining three options that were available to us at the beginning. With the option of producing
10,000 shirts, the probability of making at least a profit of $6791 is 6%. Similarly, there is also a 6%
probability of making a loss of $3458. On the other end of the spectrum, there is a

Initial Design Of The Con Man Project
SITP Ltd
Initial Design Document
For
Con Man Project
Version 1.0
Prepared by: Pavithra Damunupola
Student Number: 11583135
Team: French toast Mafia
Tutor: Rene Leaveux Table of Contents
Management Summary
Project Goals
Initial (Original) Proposal
Revised (Your Individual) Proposal
State–of–the–art Technologies (in your individual solution)
Appendixes
Appendix A – Diagram / Specification, etc 
Management Summary
Please provide a summary of the information detailed throughout this project proposal.
As requested by SITP Ltd, I've been reviewing and updating the specifications of the Con Man
Project which was originally designed by Endless Journey Ltd in 2006.
The aim of this project is travel without the necessity of the traveler taking numerous documents,
cards etc. As an employee of SITP Ltd, my proposal is to design a credit–card–sized device that
holds your credit cards, debit cards, gift cards, rewards cards and other important documents,
allowing you to swap from card to card based on your requirements. The owner of the card can store
up to 6 cards on the physical card at one time. You can store an unlimited amount of accounts in the
app, and it 's as easy as dragging and dropping to swap which ones are loaded on the card. In order
to give better user experience, the Con Man card will come out to the market with the independent
feature.

Project Goals
Identify the goals of the project. Discuss what is to be achieved and the expected/desired outcomes

Case Analysis: Ski-Right
I. Background of the Case The case begins with Bob Guthrie, a retired physician and an avid skier,
who realized that there was a need for a special ski helmet following the recent incidents that lead to
serious head injuries for skiers. There were existing ski helmets in the market, but Bob believed that
he had a chance to make helmets more appealing to the people, by adding new features. Bob took
this idea as something that could not only be an outlet for his creativity, but as a way for him to
make some money. He set out with the goal of making helmets that were attractive, safe and fun to
wear. With this in mind, Bob came up with several ideas for his new helmet, which he named 'Ski
Right'. Bob wanted his helmets to be attractive, so ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Guthrie could choose for the new product he's about to make. After determining the EMV for each
alternative, option 2 which EMV for $2,600, came out as the highest among the other EMVs. Next,
the group was able to identify the possible amount of losses Mr. Guthrie may incur. After getting all
the opportunity loss for each alternative, the one with the lowest value of EOL which is $14,300 is
determine. The result is once again, option 2. This was made sure by getting the EVwPI and
subtracting it to the maximum EMV, thus giving us the EVPI of $14,300 which is equal to the EOL
we determined earlier. According to the option 2 which is getting Leadville Barts to make the
helmets, and Progressive Products to finish them, LB had extensive experience in making bicycle
helmets which gives Mr. Guthrie a higher chance of assurance in getting the job done right,
especially that he considers the quality of the helmets to be produced. On the other hand, he's facing
a greater risk since he's handing out to job to two different

Cyber Security And Digital Forensics
Virtual Pickpocketing with NFC Malware Third Year Group Project Joseph Trimble, Eric Barnes,
David Maddocks Submitted in part fulfilment for the degree of B.Sc. (Hons) in Cyber Security &
Digital Forensics School of Informatics and Engineering, Institute of Technology Blanchardstown,
Dublin, Ireland 18 May 2016 Declaration I hereby certify that this material, which I now submit for
assessment on the programme of study leading to the award of Degree of Honours B.Sc. in Cyber
Security & Digital Forensics in the Institute of Technology Blanchardstown, is entirely my own
work except where otherwise stated, and has not been submitted for assessment for an academic
purpose at this or any other academic institution other than ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Once the information is retrieved from the contactless card we will then look at new attack vectors,
a new idea is the concept of virtual pickpocketing. Virtual pickpocketing is a fairly new concept that
explores the idea of an embedded piece of malware that constantly looks for NFC signals such as a
contactless debit card. The malware itself is disguised as a legitimate application that is installed on
the user?s phone, once the phone comes into contact with the contactless card, the cards details are
scanned and the information is relayed to a command and control server. Once the information is
stored on the command and control server the attacker can now use an application to retrieve the
card details and use a mobile device as if it were a contactless card to make payment for goods and
services. This project has found multiple vulnerabilities in contactless payment cards; the reasons
for which are discussed. Table of Contents Introduction 5 1.1 Smartcards 5 1.2 Protocol Stack 5 1.3
ISO/IEC 7816–3 5 1.4 ISO/IEC 7816–4 6 1.5 Contact / Contactless Smartcards 7 1.6 ISO/IEC
14443–3 8 1.7 ISO/IEC 14443–4 8 1.8 Near Field Communication 8 1.9 NFC Forum 8 1.1.1 NFC
Operating Modes 9 1.1.2 Peer–to–peer mode 9 1.1.3 Reader / writer mode 9 1.1.4 Card Emulation
Mode 9 1.1.5 Card Emulation 10 1.1.6 Secure Element 10 1.1.7 Software Card Emulation 11 1.1.8
EMV 12 EMV Contactless

Digital Credit And Debit Card Fraud Essay
The Problem:
Worldwide credit and debit card fraud resulted in losses amounting to $16.31 billion during the year
2014. The United States has been disproportionately affected by this fraud, due to their lack of
adoption of the EMV Chip security measure. According to the 2012 Nilson Report, American card
issuers lost $3.4 billion and merchants lost another $1.9 billion. America makes credit card fraud
easy for fraudsters, by still relying on cards with magnetic strips which are less secure than EMV
Chip enabled transactions.
Consumer Value
The main sources of value that EMV Chip transactions will provide consumers are their new anti–
fraud security features. These features will give the consumer piece of mind that their money, the
banking institution, and the merchant accepting payment are all secure.
An additional value to the consumer of EMV Chip transactions is the ease of enrollment. There is no
difference in enrollment for an EMV Chip card compared to the magnetic stripe card, though new
cards will need to be issued. There is a considerable difference on the individual transaction level
when completing an EMV transaction as the device is now inserted into a reader, as opposed to just
"swiped" in a machine. The new insertion process is not difficult, but could have a behavioral and
learning curve.
Consumer Reduction in Net Value
When the EMV Chip is inserted into the reader, the card should not be moved or wiggled as this
could greatly reduce the success of

Forward Software Settlement or Else
Risk Management: Case Analysis Submission (Forward Software) 1. Introduction and problem
statement
Focus software with its Focus A–B–C is the current market leader in the spreadsheet market. Focus
Software, being the first mover with its intuitive menu system with functionality like macros had the
largest market share with only one flaw, of printing graphs. Discount Software, with its VIP
Scheduler had the same menu system to ease the user in making the transition to its software
whereas Cinco, a Forward Software product, gave the users the options of either using its own menu
system or a Focus style menu system with all the functionalities like and inbuilt graph printing
ability.
With the current legal proceedings initiated by Focus ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
loss if he conducts survey ($4.64 million, includes research cost) > loss if he doesn't conduct the
survey ($4.5 million). * The research cost for the survey should not greater than $ 0.564 million * If
he doesn't conduct the survey he should wait for Focus –Discount trial result as the loss is less, if he
doesn't wait and tries to settle it outside. In case the Focus wins the case and files another against
Forward, it would be optimum for Forward to settle it outside court
3. Basic Tree Diagram
Please refer to the attached Excel Sheet for the Tree Diagram 4. Analysis related to hiring the
outside law firm and sensitivity of the value of information to their prediction accuracy
We have tried to find the expected final monetary value (final output, in the graph Figure 1) by
varying the cost of survey charged by the law firm keeping the accuracy constant at 0.9. Without
considering the impact of fees charged by the law research firm, the cost of survey should not be
greater than $ 0.9 million
In figure 2, we have varied the prediction accuracy of the law research firm and based on the graph
we have come to the conclusion that with associated cost of $ 0.7 million the research firm should
have accuracy greater than 0.9 to reduce the expected monetary value than $ 4.5 million 5.
Probability distribution of costs under optimal decisions and sensitivity analysis of optimal cost with
various parameters
In figure 3, we have calculated EMV for

Funding Tender Of Cash Value Benefits
Several years ago, Texas WIC formed operational and technical workgroups to discuss the
feasibility of adding split–tender of Cash Value Benefits (CVB) as optional functionality for
Smartcard WIC to enable WIC clients to use the full amount of CVB prescribed to them. The
technical workgroup recommended another feature, benefit reversal, be added for situations where
WIC clients didn't have the additional funds available to purchase items that would be "split–
tendered" with WIC benefits in the transaction. This functionality was already available in online
WIC but FNS requirements restricted the process of adding benefits to the WIC card during the
development and acceptance of Smartcard WIC design. In fact, there were no point–of–sale ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Around the same time, the Smartcard states released updated specifications and test scripts. The
X9.131 standard was adopted by the X9 committee in early 2015 and published through ANSI.
As the WIC stakeholders were doing the work necessary to prepare developers for the split–tender
mandate, the credit card industry was also mandating changes in the retail world. Retailers would
have to implement all changes necessary to handle "chip and PIN" EMV cards prior to October 1,
2015 or assume the liability for all fraudulent transactions where the mag–stripe was swiped on an
EMV capable card. As developers scrambled to meet this deadline (of which many failed), the
implementation dates continued to slip which also delayed development efforts for the WIC benefit
reversal development. As of April 2016, many retailers can still not accept an EMV chip card.
Texas WIC was notified by Kroger on April 15, 2016 that the software delivery for split–tender and
benefit reversal would be delayed until early 2017. There is concern because they will not meet the
extended deadline mandated by USDA–FNS and will not be compliant with the terms of the WIC
Vendor Agreement in the Smartcard WIC states that they do business.
Texas and the other Smartcard states must now determine a course of action on how to respond to
Kroger (and others that may have similar issues but have not notified us yet). One option would be
to request

Orion Controls Case Essay
Orion Controls Case
Answer 1 I would say we should sell existing valves than develop an improved model and sell it at
increased price if you simply look at the decision tree I made based on the assumption and
information the case provides. The Expected Monetary Value (EMV) of building new model is
$105,500, whereas we can earn $100,000 payoffs by selling current model (see Figure 1). When
considering the situation the Orion Controls faces, however, I should reconsider my decision. Orion
has established its reputation in leading–edge technology, product reliability, customer relations and
willingness to design customized products. For such reputation, Avion Chemicals approached to
Orion and asked them to develop a new valve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Answer 2 Armstrong may be upset about Harrington because she estimated that there was only an
80 percent chance the improvements would be dramatic enough to warrant the full 100 percent price
premium. Again, Orion is the leading designer and manufacturer of industrial valve systems. For
such leading and innovative company, her assumption seems to be quite low. It is obvious that her
low expectation for dramatic improvement doesn't make significant difference in the EMVs. In other
words, if she proactively dedicates her effort to redesigning and increases the possibility for
dramatic improvement to 90%, the EMV will go up to $141,500 so that Armstrong can positively go
ahead with the development efforts (see Figure 3).
Answer 3 In order to evaluate if it is worth paying $30,000 to Professor Calliope for make Gemini's
shortcut work, I would like to use The Expected Value of Perfect Information (EVPI) method.
[Calculation]
Max EMV:Event node 10.8*275,000 + 0.2*(–125,000) = 195,000
Event node 20.9*195,000 + 0.1*(–100,000) = 165,500
Event node 30.8*35,000 + 0.2*(–365,000) = –45,000
Event node 40.9*(–45,000) + 0.1* (–340,000) = –74,500
Event node 50.75*165,500 + 0.25* (–74,500) = $105,500
EVwPI:Event node 10.8*275,000 + 0.2*(–125,000) = 195,000
Event node 20.9*195,000 + 0.1*(–100,000) = 165,500
Event node 30.8*35,000 + 0.2*(–365,000) = –45,000
Event node

Analyzing The Electromechanical Valve And The Benefits...
CAMLESS ENGINES AND THE BENEFITS THEY PRODUCE
The authors of the reviewed article are: Marcello Montanari, Fabio Ronchi, Carlo Rossi, and Alberto
Tonielli, all of whom are members of IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers).
Marcello Montanari received the Laurea degree in computer science, engineering, and a Ph.D. in
automatic control from the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, in 1999 and 2003. Since 2000, he
has been with the Department of Electronics, Computer Science and Systems (DEIS), University of
Bologna. His current research interests include applied nonlinear and adaptive control techniques,
electric drives, and automotive systems. His co–authors are also graduates of the University of
Bologna and are members ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
SUMMARY
In Montanari's article first, he addresses and formulates the problem. Second, he creates a
mathematical model of the system, and analyzes the requirements for the controlled system. Third,
he completes the position reconstruction and the analysis of the sensors. Lastly the reference of
trajectories for the pistons, to ensure the stability of the system, is completed. After all this
Montanari proposes a control system architecture for the position control of an electromechanical
valve actuator. There are two key parts of the controller, specifically, the position reconstruction, and
the reference trajectory design. Both of these have been addressed, and the resulting limitations on
the system's dynamic performance explained. Knowledge of these limitations is essential when
integrating a valve actuation system within the internal combustion engine management system.
Hence, the results presented in this paper are an important step toward the realization of a Camless
engine with electromechanical actuators for commercial vehicles.
Camless engines offer a lot of improvements over traditional engines in efficiency, maximum torque
and power, and emissions. Electromechanical valve (EMV) actuators are a great way to solve this
problem, but electromechanical valves have major

Why You Should Outlaw Credit And Debit Cards
The Best Way to Kick–Start Your Money Resolutions For the New Year
As the new year rolls around many of us decide to enrich our lives in numerous ways. As many of
us venture towards a life of salads and gym memberships, we tend to forget about our fiscal
resolutions. Dieting can be quite an expensive lifestyle change. Luckily there 's a diet out there that
can kick–start your money resolutions!
Why You Should Outlaw Credit and Debit Cards
We are lucky to live in a society with easy and secure access to our money through the use of credit
and debit cards. We 're even given register books to manage the amount of money that goes in and
out of our accounts on a daily basis. However, most people are forgoing the hour long process of
jotting down every receipt in their wallet in favor of online transaction summaries that most banks
provide. Debit and Credit cards are great things, don 't get me wrong. But, let 's be honest, it 's a lot
easier to lose track of how much money you spend when you can 't visually see a wad of money
slowly disappearing inside your wallet. Losing the credit and debit card is the perfect way to kick–
start your money resolutions.
Here is a list of several reasons that switching to cash can help kick–start your money resolutions
You can actually see how much money you spend if you use cash
You can 't go into debt or procure pesky overdraft fees
You can learn how to budget better (you can 't spend cash that 's not there)
Using cash instead of card can

Credit Cards In The 1950's
Credit Cards Credit Cards play a major role in today 's society. They make purchasing items, and
learning responsibility extremely easy. In order to maintain a Credit Card one needs to make sure
they are up to date with their payments and they never spend all of the money on the card. But this is
all going to be explained in this essay, so continue reading! `Credit Cards became a major role in
society in the 1940's. The first Bank Card was introduced in 1946 by a man named John Biggins
who was a banker in Brooklyn. Biggins named his card "Charg–It". With the Charg–It card,
purchases could only be made locally, the payment would then be sent to Biggins' Bank. In 1951 the
first Bank Credit Card was created in new york for loan customers, which could only be used if you
had a bank account. Throughout the late 1940s and early 1950's, credit cards became extremely
popular. In 1949, a man named Frank McNamara held a business dinner at Major 's Cabin Grill, a
restaurant that was located in New York during that time. When Frank 's bill arrived, he remembered
he had forgot his wallet. Although he did manage to solve his problem, he thought that there should
be a faster way to retrieve cash. Frank and his partner Ralph Schneider returned to Major 's Cabin
Grill with a cardboard card, which led to the start of the Diners Club. The card include the holder 's
name and account number on the front and a list of restaurants in new york that accepted it. There
was a 7% fee on every

Credit Cards. Most Of Use Them. Most Of Us Don’T Use Them.
Credit cards. Most of use them. Most of us don't use them. I personally have multiple credit cards
and I use only credit cards for all of my daily purchases. And the reason why is because it is better
than using cash and a debit card in almost every possible way.
As a guy who lives with a frugal lifestyle, I often find myself baffled when people don't use their
credit cards often. It's either cash or debit card, which is understandable, but not reasonable.
I want to share my knowledge and experience that I have in using credit cards on a daily basis, so
that everyone in this room can walk out with a different perspective of using a credit card.
Transition
To begin with, let's discuss one of the most disposable payment method, cash and the ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Which falls perfectly with debit cards as none of that problem exists since every transaction swiped
with a card is kept with the bank as stated by Fox Business. However, that fact alone doesn't save
debit cards from their own faulty reasons in using one.
Security and fraud protection is one of the biggest reason why a person should avoid using a debit
card. Under the Fair Credit Billing Act of 1975, both the FTC (Federal Trade Commission) and
EFTA (European Free Trade Association) states that if you lose your debit card to theft, you only
have a limited amount of time to report the lost before your entire checking account gets drained
(Consumer Information, The Federal Trade Commission). It can get even worst. CNN interviewed a
science fiction author named Jay Lake, who was battling advanced colon cancer and managed to
fundraise over $20,000 to help battle against the cancer (Pepitone, Julianne). As positive as that
made sound, Lake was enraged when he found out that PayPal froze his account as they needed
documents to approve the large transaction. In fact, PayPal, and among other payment operators has
the right to freeze an account up to 180 days according to their term of service (User Agreement,
PayPal). To put it another way, that is 6 months of not being able to access your money for any type
of situations. Fortunately, Lake was already going viral back then and PayPal was able to unfreeze
his account within 72 hours.
Another key point to mention about

The Migration From Magnetic Stripe And The Europay...
"The migration from magnetic stripe to the Europay–MasterCard– Visa (EMV) chip standard
promises enhanced credit card security, and the opportunity to offer loyalty and reward programs to
cardholders"(Peterson, 2004). EMV chips are finally gaining a strong momentum in the United
States banking system. The promise of enhanced security and benefits is a hit with banks and
consumers alike. The United States is very late to the game though; Europe and Asia have
implemented the EMV technology since the early 2000s. "Within Asia–Pacific, Visa has issued
more than 20 million Visa EMV cards, and globally this figure is in excess of 100 million. Since
January 2003, every new point–of–sale terminal deployed in the region is required to be EMV–
compliant. By 2008, we expect over 90 per cent of all terminals to be EMV–enabled"(Peterson,
2004). Credit unions and banks have finally begun rolling out the EMV chip enabled debit cards to
customers. The adoption percentage will hit the low 70s, far lower than countries that have had the
technology already. A low adoption percentage of EMV shows how the current banking system is
slow to adapt to change. If the banking system wants to be current and keep cost low they need to
start embracing new technology as soon as it becomes available. The issue banks/credit unions will
face is; any fraud that occurs on customer's accounts with debit card will be their responsibility. Our
current banking system needs to adopt the new EMV technology faster,

Terminal Data Capability Emv
Terminal Data Capability
[What is it?]
– Generally, It is a data element that stores information particularly on terminal that can be
individually addressed by tag ID.
Data element resident in the terminal shall be under control of one of the following parties:
Terminal manufacturer: For example, IFD Serial Number
Acquirer/Agent: For example, Merchant Category Code
Merchant: For example, Local Date and Local Time (these may be controlled by either merchant or
acquirer)
Terminal should be constructed in such a way that data which is under control of acquirer is only
initialised and updated by the acquirer (or its agent).
[Types]
1. Application Independent[1] Data:
Terminal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|
| | |SDA failed |If SDA is performed but unsuccessful. |
| | |Offline Data Authentication was not performed |If neither SDA nor DDA nor CDA is performed. |
| | |RFU | |
| | | |Reserved for future use |
|2 | | | |
| |Processing Restriction | | |
| |

Home Depot Swot Analysis Essay
In 2003 Home Depot implemented a plan to remodel and refurbish all out dated stores including in–
store checkout terminals, customer service call boxes, a 24–hour customer service hotline and more.
After these projects were completed, Home Depot implemented new ventures that would attract new
customers such as the Design Center in North Carolina that focused on women shoppers with high
end merchandise design and decor. They also added a 6000 square foot Smart Home, designed to
showcase new innovative products that doubled as housing for 10 engineering students that does
research for Home Depot. By 2010 Home Depot had a total of 2,245 operating stores. Because of
operational differences Home Depot was forced to close all its stores in China,

Target Data Breaches Case Study
Target to the Office of Personnel Management–the private sector and government equally feel the
after–effects of data breaches. Data breaches can result in lawsuits from the affected victims.
Lawsuits continue to harm a company's finances and reputation long after the data breach occurs. A
major example of this situation is the Minneapolis–based retailer Target, which generated a vast
amount of media coverage around the holidays in 2013, because of its data breach. Even though it
has been nearly two years since the breach was announced, Target is still feeling the effects. Credit
card companies and the banks that issue the credit cards were negatively impacted by the breach.
Both parties endured high costs as a result of the need to reissue

Gemalto The Leader In Digital Security, Has Made The Wave
Gemalto the leader in digital security, has made the wave in payment technology to the United
States, specially adapted to the growing lifestyle of today's contemporary consumer. Contactless
EMV offers the same high level of security as contact EMV cards, joined with a tap–and–pay
feature that drastically speeds up transactions, benefitting issuers, merchants and cardholders.
Contactless cards have transformed payments worldwide, with more than 1.2 billion such cards
distributed in 2015. Gemalto, the leader in contactless, has distributed more than 1 billion of those
globally throughout the past five years. Gemalto's contactless cards are now in 77 countries
worldwide, including the U.S., Australia, China, U.K., Canada and Brazil. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
For EMV, the readers access data stored on the chips in the cards to verify cardholders are entering
the correct PINs. Contactless cards, the chips transfer the card account number to the reader using
wireless technology. Mohammad Khan, founder and president of Vivo tech Inc., a provider of
contactless payment terminals and software, says as more countries switch to EMV, criminals will
shift their energy to the United States, where the mag–strip infrastructure is easier to circumvent.
"The U.S. as a country is open to attack. The fraud people always move toward the weakest point,"
Khan says. "Every other country in the world has a deadline to move to EMV. I believe the industry
needs a deadline in the U.S. as well." CardLine; 2/6/2009, Vol. 9 Issue 6, p12–12, 1p
Gemalto's Contactless or tap and go cards met with immediate success, fitting in perfectly with the
life style expectation of the cardholders. They are fast, convenient, secure and to put it in one word
cool. Research demonstrated how much the speed of transaction and the convenience of tapping are
seen as direct advantages both by the cardholder and by the merchant. I have always been surprised
to see the concern some card issuers have about the security of contactless payments. It is amazing
to see how much cardholders appreciate the security of their contactless cards. Not only

The And Debit Card Hackings
You Got Hacked Within the past year, there have been many credit and debit card hackings that have
occurred, mainly targeting businesses in the United States. The three main businesses that have been
targeted and successfully hacked have been Target, with 40 million card holders having their cards
compromised, JPMorgan Chase, with a total of 76 million households and 7 million businesses
being compromised, and The Home Depot, with 56 million card holders being attacked (Silver–
Greenberg, Goldstein, Perlroth). In addition to the main stories about hacking that everyone hears
about, there are many others that are never brought to the attention of consumers. Within the first
half of 2014 alone, there were 76 breaches solely in the United States that caused credit card
numbers to be compromised (Newsham). Learning about these situations struck me as extremely
intriguing and lead me to want to learn even more about these hacking situations. In researching
about this topic and looking in depth at all the information I found, I discovered that there are many
other subtopics that interested me as well, including consumer hacking in general, how credit cards
work, what technology is needed for credit cards to work, how information is stored safely within
companies to prevent hacking, the technology behind hacking, the main programs used within
hacking, if, and how, social media has effected hacking, learn more about what big name companies
and bank franchises should be doing in

Voting Vs Evms
Voting is one of the single most important rights that an American citizen can take advantage of.
However, the method of how a voter should cast their ballots has become a topic of controversy in
recent years. For centuries, voting polls across the world have relied on simple paper ballots to reach
a conclusive result; but, with the introduction of much more efficient electronic voting machines, or
"EVMs", the question has risen... Which voting system is superior? In my opinion, EVMs are the
superior method of casting a ballot and there are several reasons why I say so. EVMs are simply
more efficient than paper ballots. When a vote occurs, every citizen's ballot is stored in the
machine's memory then digitally transferred to a single location to be tallied up. With paper ballots,
each slip of paper must be carefully stored and counted ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many citizens believe that voters should stick to the orthodox method of casting paper ballots and
not implement these new EVMs. Their primary reasoning behind this thinking is the fear of having
an EVM hacked and their votes tampered with. With any electronic machine it is a valid arguement
to be afraid of recording private information on it due to the ever–present threat of hacking.
However, according to the passage, EVMs are not connected to the internet nor are they easily
tampered with due to the recording of every action during the voting process. In the opposing
passage it states that a magazine published an article in which the writer explaines how he was able
to tamper with votes on EVMs. I believe this to be a unreliable source of information because
tampering with votes is a very severe federal crime that I doubt anyone would publically admit to
commiting. So while I can understand where the fear of EMVs is coming from, I seriously doubt
that the confidentiality of ballots is at risk with these

World Wide Credit Card Fraud
Credit card fraud transpires daily and in a variety of ways. Often times the consumer that has been a
victim of credit card fraud is unaware until they notice the fraudulent charges for purchases they
never made. Thieves obtain credit card information in a number of way, data breaches, compromised
card information, a dishonest employee at a restaurant or retails store, by a fraudulent website, by
giving out credit card information to someone over phone with malice intent.
According to Statistic Brain 10% of American 's have reported being victims of some form of credit
card fraud (statics brain). World Wide credit card fraud has reached in excess of $5.55 billion and
rising. Fraud victims have protection against fraudulent charge, but wind up being inconvenienced
while the charges are being disputed. What course actions are the credit card issuers doing to
provide secured protection for consumers. Is it cost efficient to implement a new and safer credit
card and how will the new credit improve technology going forward?
If you have a debit card or a credit card in your possession, you 've probably recently received a
replacement card without requesting one. Your new replacement card no longer contains the familiar
magnetic strip on the back, rather, a small silver little chip placed on the front of the card. That chip
is EMV Europay, MasterCard and VISA better known as the Chip Card and it is well underway. The
EVM is the global standard for inter–operation

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