M.com., M.Ed., M.phil., NET, Ph.D.[Education]

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Theme of the Seminar
Modern Teacher Education: New Vistas-Challenges &
Remedies
Sub-Themes
Innovation and Creative methods, techniques and
approaches of teaching and learning
From: Shah Jalpa Rajendrakumar
Ph.D. Research Scholar [Education]
M.com. M.Ed., M.phil. [Edu], NET [Education]
Faculty of Education
Gujarat Vidhyapith, Ahmedabad-380004

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Effectiveness of Concept Attainment Model in teaching of some units
of Organization of Commerce and Management of Std. 11
Shah Jalpa Rajendrakumar
Ph.D. Research Scholar [Education]
M.com. M.Ed., M.phil. [Edu], NET [Edu].
Faculty of Education
Gujarat Vidhyapith, Ahmedabad-380004
Abstract
An effort has made to try out the Concept Attainment Model in order to remove basic
weakness in Organization of Commerce and Management subject, to make teachers’
teaching more effective and to bring change in behavior of practices of learners by
conducting the present study, so that students learn with interest and eagerness and
understand the importance of this subject in their daily practices. The investigator had
collected scores of both groups on the Achievement Test of Organization of
Commerce and Management subject. F-value was found out by using higher statistical
technique such as ANOVA (Analysis of variance) based on results. Then data was
analyzed and hypotheses were tested and interpreted. The major findings showed that
educational achievement between experimental group and control group in
Organization of Commerce and Management subject of std. 11 was found equal,
means equal effect of Concept Attainment Model and Lecture Method was found.
Keywords: Concept Attainment Model, Organization of Commerce and Management
• Good (1973) defines concept as “An idea or representation of the common
element or attribute by which groups or classes may be distinguished.” A
category. A form of data, expressed through the medium of word or symbol,
representing a class of stimuli having common characteristics.[Salvi,1991]
• Concept Attainment Model: Concept Attainment Model (CAM) is an
information processing model developed by Weil & Joyce (1978) on the basis
of the research work by Bruner and his associates (1956). It is a teaching
strategy to help students attain concepts efficiently by making them
responsible for determining the concept on the basis of the provided examples

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and non examples of the concept, thus emphasizing students’ active
involvement and promoting a through understanding of the concept as well as
developing thinking skills in students.
• Organization of Commerce and Management:
An Organization of Commerce and Management is a compulsory subject of std-11
and std-12 of Commerce of General Stream which is connected with trade and its
Assistance Services.
1. Introduction
The Concept Attainment Model has been used to understand the content well
and to teach concepts of certain units of Organization of Commerce and Management
effectively in the present study. To get deep knowledge of any subject, the knowledge
of its basic concept is essential. If we want to build a strong building of business, its
foundations should be strong. It the teacher and students have clear and logical
knowledge of business management related concepts, it will be taught easily and
effectively. The place of Organization of Commerce and Management subject is
unique and inimitable in Commerce stream, but most of students, parents, teachers,
Principals and even management consider it as a boring, theoretical, long and
confabulatory subject and base of obtaining marks in exams. The major cause of this
problem is that generally theoretical teaching about concepts of this subject is
provided now. Teacher teaches the content of this subject from textbook or reference
books by only delivering lectures to students and makes students write some notes in
their notebooks. Means students get only exam centered knowledge and they lack
practical and real information. They have no adequate understanding about concepts
of this subject. This is the philosophy behind the Models of Teaching. Concept
Attainment Model, at intellectual growth. It helps students not only in acquiring
content but also in developing Thinking skills which will allow them to learn on their
own.
2. Objectives of the study
Following objectives were determined in the present study.
(1) To construct a teaching programme by Concept Attainment Model for
teaching of selected concepts of Organization of Commerce and Management
subject of std. 11.
(2) To examine effect of teaching method on educational achievement of students
of std. 11 in Organization of Commerce and Management subject.

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(3) To examine effect of sex on educational achievement of students of std. 11 in
Organization of Commerce and Management subject.
(4) To examine mutual interaction of independent variables on educational
achievement of students of std. 11 in Organization of Commerce and
Management subject.
3. Hypotheses of the study
Following hypotheses were formulated in the present study.
Ho1 There will be no significant effect of Concept Attainment Model and Lecture
Method on mean scores of students of std. 11 in Organization of Commerce
and Management subject.
Ho2 There will be no significant different between mean scores of boys and girls of
std. 11 in Organization of Commerce and Management subject.
Ho3 There will be no significant effect of mutual interaction of teaching method
and sex on mean scores of students of std. 11 in Organization of Commerce
and Management subject.
4. Research field
In the present study, software based technology was used for teaching by
Concept Attainment Model and Lecture Method to students and hardware based
technology under Computer Aided Instruction was used for teaching by Concept
Attainment Model, so Educational Technology was selected as research field of the
present study.
5. Delimitations of the study
The present study was made limited four five concepts selected from textbook
of Organization of Commerce and Management subject of std. 11. They were
Profession, Individual ownership, Public enterprise, Non-banking Financial Company
and Super market. Further, the study was limited for only one Gujarati medium school
running Commerce Stream in std. 11 (Commerce).

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• A self-constructed Achievement Test based on selected concepts of certain
unites of Organization of Commerce and Management subject of std. 11 was
used in the present study, so limitations of research tools had become
limitations of the study.
• The lesson plans of teaching work were prepared based on only acceptance
orientation Concept Attainment Model.
• A self-constructed Teaching Programme for teaching by Concept Attainment
Model had become the limitation for this study.
6. Importance of the study
The present era is the age of competition, so development of higher level of
cognitive ability is essential for students. Such development depends upon only
teaching concepts because not only for students, but each person also should have
knowledge of concepts in order to understand the around world. Concept is an
important mean fot thinking power. Learning concepts is the foundation of higher
cognitive development. It is also useful to learn innovative knowledge.
The first year of higher secondary school study is considered as std. 11, in
which Organization of Commerce and Management is a new subject in Commerce
Stream. If the concepts of Organization of Commerce and Management subject are
cleared among students, they can learn this subject very well in the next standard. The
teaching of this subject is provided in most of the educational institutions in such a
way that students’ thinking power is stultified. Students take this subject as the base
of cramming and obtaining marks in exams. They do not understand how it is useful
in practical life because mostly teachers present narration mentioned in the textbooks
or reference materials and make students to note the points in their notebooks.
Students grasp these points by cramming and prepare only for examination. No higher
level of cognitive level is developed among students.
Concept Attainment Model is the best teaching model for meaningful and
exploring learning for students because students conclude Organization of Commerce
and Management related concepts, rules and formulas themselves, so their cognitive
ability develops.
7. Definition of population

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Students of std. 11 studying in Gujarati medium Higher Secondary Schools of
Ahmedabad city running Common stream had formed the population of the present
study.
8. Sample selection
A school was selected from population by using convenient and purposive
sampling techniques, whereas students were selected for experiment as below.
Students included in experimental group and control group
Group Girls Boys Total
Experimental group 21 23 44
Control group 21 23 44
It is observed from above table that total 44 students were included in
experimental group, in which 21 girls and 23 girls were included. In this way, 44
students were included in control group, in which 21 girls and 23 girls were included.
9. Research method
The Experimental research Method was adopted in context to objectives of the
present study.
10. Selection of the experimental design
Under the true experimental designs, the investigator had selected two groups-
incidental sample-only posttest designs in the present study.
11. Construction of Teaching Programme
Following programmes were constructed for selected concepts of certain units
of Organization of Commerce and Managementsubject of std. 11 in the present study.
(1) Research tool
Questionnaires, tests, Attitude Scales, Inventories, Interviews, and Checklists
etc tools are used in research work. Sometimes, the investigator has to construct a tool

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according to need of the study. In this way, self-constructed tools are product of
researches. Any other researcher can use such tools for future studies.
In the present study, the investigator had constructed an Achievement Test
based on blue print for selected concepts of certain units of Organization of
Commerce and Management subject of std. 11. It carried 40 marks. Five concepts
such as Profession, Individual ownership, Public enterprise, Non-banking finance
companies and Super market were included in the test. Objective type of questions
related to knowledge, understanding and application were mentioned. Multi-optional
questions for each concept were prepared and checked by experts. The primary try out
was held on 25 students and necessary corrections were made.
This was the first time, when Concept Attainment Model was used in teaching
of concepts of Organization of Commerce and Management subject, so the
Achievement Test prepared in the present study will provide guidance to other
researchers.
(2) Programme
In the present study, the investigator had constructed Concept Attainment
Model Programme for teaching of selected concepts of certain units of Organization
of Commerce and Management subject of std. 11. The theoretical base of the
programme was reference materials and experts of teaching models. A list of positive
and negative examples of selected concepts was prepared according to suggestions of
experts and guide. Then Power Point Presentation was prepared as the Computer
Aided Learning materials.
The programme is helpful to bring expected behavior changes. It develops
reasoning ability and creates habit of self-learning. New knowledge can be attained
based on previous knowledge and basic concepts can be cleared by Concept
Attainment Model.
Following preparation is essential before using this programme.
(1) Selection of concepts (2) separating essential characteristics of concept (3)
Selection of positive and negative examples (4) Preparation of Computer Aided
Learning materials (5) Preparing work-sheet

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12. Data collection
The major objective of the present study was to examine effectiveness of
Lecture Method and Concept Attainment Model for teaching concepts of selected
units in Organization of Commerce and Management subject of std. 11. After
applying teaching methods, students were given a self-constructed Achievement Test,
which carried 40 marks. Total 70 minutes were fixed to fill in the test. Data was
collected from students of both, experimental group and control group. Boys and girls
were included in both groups, so scores on the Achievement Test were arranged in 2
X 2 factorial designs.
13. Analysis of data and interpretation
To test significance of difference between mean scores of experimental group
and control group, analysis of variance (F-test) was used as higher level of parametric
statistical technique. In the present study, effect of teaching method as independent
variable and sex as moderator variable was to be examined on educational
achievement in Organization of Commerce and Management subject, so null
hypotheses were tested with the help of two-way analysis of variance under F-test.
The major objective of the present study was to examine effectiveness of
teaching method and sex and interaction between teaching method and sex on
educational achievement in Organization of Commerce and Management subject, so
after testing by F-ratio, ANOVA calculation was made by using MS Excel
programme of computer.
14. Major findings
Based on acceptance and rejection of null hypotheses, following findings were
concluded in the present study.
(1) Equal educational achievement in Organization of Commerce and
Management subject was found between students of std. 11 of experimental
group and control group, means Lecture Method and Concept Attainment
Model were found equally effective.

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(2) Educational achievement of girls of std. 11 was found higher than that of boys
of std. 11, means girls were found superior to boys in Organization of
Commerce and Management subject.
(3) Educational achievement of girls of std. 11 of control group was found higher
than that of boys of std. 11 of experimental group, means girls of control
group were found superior to boys of experimental group in Organization of
Commerce and Management subject.
(4) Educational achievement of girls of std. 11 of control group was found higher
than that of girls of std. 11 of experimental group,
means girls of control group were found superior to girls of experimental group
in Organization of Commerce and Management subject.
(5) Educational achievement of girls of std. 11 of control group was found higher
than that of boys of std. 11 of control group, means girls of control group were
found superior to boys of control group in Organization of Commerce and
Management subject.
(6) Educational achievement of boys of std. 11 of control group was found lower
than that of girls of std. 11 of experimental group, means girls of control group
were found superior to boys of experimental group in Organization of
Commerce and Management subject.
(7) Equal educational achievement in Organization of Commerce and
Management subject was found between boys of std. 11 of experimental group
and control group.
(8) Equal educational achievement in Organization of Commerce and
Management subject was found between boys and girls of std. 11 of
experimental group.

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