INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND THE GROWTH OF CHICAGO5.docx

INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND THE GROWTH
OF CHICAGO 5
Infrastructure Development and the Growth of Chicago
05/11/2018
Infrastructure Development and the Growth of Chicago
Transport infrastructure is a sign of growth and development of
a town or city. Chicago is such city that focused on transport
infrastructure to ensure the growth of the city. Before transport
infrastructure improvement, Judge Jesse B. Thomas complained
that Chicago was “merely the center of local retail trade of a
few hundred miles of extent” (Cronon, 2009, p.63). The
government through it planners and other professionals
speculated that the provision of proper infrastructure would
improve economic growth and break the banks guarding
economic hinterland of Chicago. The canal was the first attempt
to build artificial corridors connecting Chicago to Illinois. The
canal became busy, and farmers opted for water transport rather
than using the muddy roads. Chicago thrived because the
farmers bought more urban manufactured goods and brought
corn to the city. Soon, the railroads were developed and took
over the canals and barges, increasing the development of the

city in many ways. The newer modes of transport helped
Chicago grow not only in the catchment area but also its
infrastructure, the flow of goods and urban metabolism.
Comment by Teacher: Repetitive Comment by Teacher:
Repetitive Comment by Teacher: This sentence is confusing
Comment by Teacher: What ways? Avoid vague statements
Comment by Teacher: You should define this. Urban
metabolism is essentially the study of the flow of materials and
energy flow
In 1936, the state government contracted a company that started
the construction of the Chicago-Galena railroad. Galena was the
center of the northwest Illinois and southwestern Wisconsin
lead mining district. The railroad would go deeper into the
hinterlands compared to the Illinois canal. The distances that
the farmers would move their produce to get to the transport
corridor would reduce. Compared to earlier modes of transport
like the oxen, horses and human transport, the railroads used
fuel, which moved faster and over longer distances. Because the
government was unsure of the “speculative” project,
businessmen financed the project with support from the rural
and small-town communities along the line (Cronon, 2009, 66).
During the construction of the railroad project, there was an
assumption that Chicago was where the users of the railroad
wanted to end their trip. The assumption was not according to
nature, but the investors of the project who proclaimed the
assumption. The results that the project brought were
unimaginable and spurred the town to unforeseen growth.
Comment by Teacher: Then it wasn’t an assumption… the
investors purposefully made Chicago the end or “hub” station
Comment by Teacher: What were the results? This would
have added stronger evidence to your argument
The railroad quickly achieved the speculative goals. Soon the
Chicagoans realized that the supply of wheat to the town grown
drastically. By the beginning of 1850, a system of rails was
expanding over Galena, serving Elgin, forty miles west of
Chicago. Two years later the rails reached Rockford, and the

western terminus is Freeport an extra year later. Branch rails
were constructed to increase the access between Chicago and
the agricultural fields to the northwest. Chicago had grown its
system of rails and all the roads led to Chicago from all over
the already expanded hinterlands. By 1860, Chicago had
imposed to itself a new geographical superiority over the region
because of the grown coverage of the rails. The rise of railroads
allowed the growth of Chicago and the decline of the Michigan
and Illinois canal (Cronon, 2009). Chicago had benefitted from
the canal, but the railroad just took over like a storm with
dramatic development changes. Nothing would hinder
transportation. Comment by Teacher: Why were they
speculative? Consider a different word choice
The construction of railroads as transport system exhibited more
innovations compared to the previous modes including lakes,
rivers canals, and rural roads. This system of transport broke
the geographical barriers, increased the hinterlands because
long distances could be covered easily. The resource hinterland
increased because there were more goods flowing in and out of
the city to even further areas. The railroads did not have to
follow existing river valleys and did not have to end in existing
harbors. One of the most welcomed advantages the railroads
brought with it was that the rails were able to alleviate the
problems associated with winter. During the winter when the
snow covered the land, and the waters turned to ice, it meant
that traveling on waterways was halted (Cronon, 2009).
However, the railroads averted this problem, as the winter cold
season did not affect the rails. The farmers and the businessmen
could trade easily and allow them to get what they wanted in
time.Comment by Teacher: Chicago’s hinterland? Comment by
Teacher: This should be above in why the canals didn’t work as
well as the railroads; i.e. natural contraints
The railroads had improved the urban planning of Chicago. The
system of railroads ensured that there were fewer funds used in
the construction on long stretches of roads. Rather, road
construction was to connect the hinterlands to the railroads that

helped move people and goods over long distances. It became
easier for the farmers and the urban people to do business. The
railroads were quicker than any other modes of transport. The
rails could also carry more goods and people over long
distances. The reliability of the transport system improved
significantly. The idea that the trains could be delayed to meet
the time demands of the users brought effectiveness to the
transport sector (Cronon, 2009). The railroad transportation
allowed Chicago to collect and dispose of waste products easily.
The reliable transportation also helped to decongest the city as
the people moved out of the city center because they knew they
could get to the city whenever they wanted. Comment by
Teacher: This is confusing. How did train delays help bring
effectiveness and meet time demands? The word delay implies
that the trains were not on time…
Reference
Cronon, W. (2009). Nature's metropolis: Chicago and the Great
West. WW Norton & Company.
Overall this paper had good ideas but not enough evidence
to support them. The paper needed more detailed examples from
the reading to support the main ideas, however the student
relied on broad, vague statements instead of giving concise
examples. This also contributed a lack of evidence that the
student actually did the reading thoroughly.
The brief mention of urban metabolism in the introductory
paragraph made it seem like the student does not quite
understand the class concept especially because it is never
formally defined. The organization of the argument was jumbled
and should have been presented more clearly. There were times
where ideas were presented and no support was given until the
next paragraph. This could be improved if the student takes time
to create a detailed outline with a logical ordering of the
argument and evidence.
Overall score: 73

Ideas (40): 28
20: Connection to class concepts – 15
10: Well-supported argumentation (including citations) – 5
10: Evidence the student understood/did the reading – 8
Organization (35): 25
20: Clear and well-supported main idea – 15
15: Logical order of argumentation/presentation – 10 – some
evidence was presented in confusing orders. Ideas were brought
up in one paragraph and not supported until further into the
paper
Style (10): 7
5: Smooth transitions between ideas and paragraphs – 4
5: Clear and precise language -- 3 – there were many instances
of poor word choice that made statements confusing. The use of
vague statements also added to the lack of clarity
Grammar (10): 8 – this paper needed more revision
Spelling (5): 5
Deliverable 01 Worksheet
1. Introduce your scenario and data set.
· Provide a brief overview of the scenario you are given and
describe the data set.
· Describe how you will be analyzing the data set.
· Classify the variables in your data set.
· Which variables are quantitative/qualitative?
· If it is a quantitative variable, is it discrete or continuous?
· Describe the level of measurement for each variable included
in the data set (nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio).
Answer and Explanation:
Enter your step-by-step answer and explanations here.

2. Discuss the importance of the Measures of Center.
· Name and describe each measure of center.
· Discuss the advantages and/or disadvantages of each.
3. Discuss the importance of the Measures of Variation.
· Name and describe each measure of variation.
· Discuss the advantages and/or disadvantages of each.
4. Calculate the measures of center and measures of variation
from the data set and list them below. Be sure to include (a) an
interpretation of each measure in context of the scenario (for
example, if the median is larger than the mean, what does it
mean? What does the value of standard deviation tell you?) and
(b) correct units of measurement. Show your calculations in
your spreadsheet. You do not need to include Excel functions in
your written answer below.
· Mean
· Median
· Mode
· Midrange
· Range
· Variance

· Standard deviation
DataJob TitleSalaryAccountants and Auditors64,150source:
http://www.bls.gov/Actuaries99,870Administrative Law Judges,
Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers103,000Administrative
Services Managers85,610Adult Basic and Secondary Education
and Literacy Teachers and Instructors47,760Advertising and
Promotions Managers117,030Advertising Sales
Agents52,970Aerospace Engineering and Operations
Technicians62,690Aerospace Engineers112,270Agents and
Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and
Athletes77,690Agricultural and Food Science
Technicians41,570Agricultural Inspectors42,470Agricultural
Sciences Teachers, Postsecondary92,010Air Traffic
Controllers138,050Aircraft Cargo Handling
Supervisors39,970Aircraft Structure, Surfaces, Rigging, and
Systems Assemblers48,860Airfield Operations
Specialists56,010Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight
Engineers95,530Anthropologists and
Archeologists67,150Appraisers and Assessors of Real
Estate61,080Arbitrators, Mediators, and
Conciliators82,160Architects, Except Landscape and
Naval80,300Architectural and Civil Drafters51,570Architecture
and Engineering Occupations73,850Architecture Teachers,
Postsecondary79,040Archivists37,570Art Directors73,230Art,
Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary63,020Athletic
Trainers46,970Atmospheric and Space
Scientists46,990Atmospheric, Earth, Marine, and Space
Sciences Teachers,
Postsecondary77,820Audiologists79,050Avionics
Technicians57,890Biomedical

Engineers101,320Boilermakers71,230Broadcast News
Analysts43,020Brokerage Clerks46,600Budget
Analysts68,080Business and Financial Operations
Occupations64,880Business Operations Specialists, All
Other63,160Business Teachers, Postsecondary70,200Buyers and
Purchasing Agents, Farm Products62,290Camera and
Photographic Equipment Repairers41,910Captains, Mates, and
Pilots of Water Vessels58,540Cardiovascular Technologists and
Technicians66,100Career/Technical Education Teachers, Middle
School48,550Career/Technical Education Teachers, Secondary
School60,660Cargo and Freight Agents46,530Cartographers and
Photogrammetrists65,460Chefs and Head Cooks38,570Chemical
Engineers77,020Chemical Equipment Operators and
Tenders37,470Chemical Plant and System
Operators42,560Chemical Technicians48,530Chemistry
Teachers, Postsecondary76,160Chemists73,260Child, Family,
and School Social Workers54,360Chiropractors67,480Civil
Engineers82,570Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and
Investigators58,630Clinical, Counseling, and School
Psychologists75,860Coil Winders, Tapers, and
Finishers36,650Commercial and Industrial
Designers57,590Commercial Pilots58,710Communications
Equipment Operators, All Other40,600Communications
Teachers, Postsecondary59,650Community and Social Service
Occupations43,790Community Health
Workers35,070Compensation and Benefits
Managers134,890Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis
Specialists69,320Compliance Officers70,550Computer and
Information Research Scientists118,780Computer and
Information Systems Managers129,520Computer and
Mathematical Occupations81,640Computer Hardware
Engineers103,110Computer Network
Architects101,250Computer Network Support
Specialists58,970Computer Occupations, All
Other75,400Computer Programmers79,730Computer Science
Teachers, Postsecondary76,000Computer Systems

Analysts89,730Computer User Support
Specialists51,670Conservation Scientists64,220Construction
and Building Inspectors65,640Construction
Managers85,110Continuous Mining Machine
Operators42,760Control and Valve Installers and Repairers,
Except Mechanical Door65,680Conveyor Operators and
Tenders34,490Cost Estimators60,340Crane and Tower
Operators68,290Credit Analysts75,060Credit
Counselors44,800Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement
Teachers, Postsecondary61,210Curators45,850Database
Administrators90,280Dental Hygienists72,270Derrick
Operators, Oil and Gas44,610Detectives and Criminal
Investigators69,990Diagnostic Medical
Sonographers77,140Dietitians and Nutritionists59,700Directors,
Religious Activities and Education45,880Drafters, All
Other49,280Economics Teachers,
Postsecondary93,100Economists60,860Editors53,230Education
Administrators, All Other78,570Education Administrators,
Elementary and Secondary School102,480Education
Administrators, Postsecondary83,100Education Administrators,
Preschool and Childcare Center/Program50,070Education
Teachers, Postsecondary57,530Education, Training, and Library
Occupations47,920Educational, Guidance, School, and
Vocational Counselors52,820Electric Motor, Power Tool, and
Related Repairers38,450Electrical and Electronics
Drafters54,440Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Technicians60,910Electrical and Electronics Installers and
Repairers, Transportation Equipment60,370Electrical and
Electronics Repairers, Commercial and Industrial
Equipment60,980Electrical and Electronics Repairers,
Powerhouse, Substation, and Relay75,790Electrical
Engineers89,830Electrical Power-Line Installers and
Repairers78,330Electricians66,250Electro-Mechanical
Technicians56,110Electronics Engineers, Except
Computer91,480Elementary School Teachers, Except Special
Education59,180Elevator Installers and

Repairers88,700Embalmers46,100Emergency Management
Directors79,070Engineering Technicians, Except Drafters, All
Other57,460English Language and Literature Teachers,
Postsecondary58,320Environmental Engineering
Technicians42,190Environmental
Engineers73,020Environmental Science and Protection
Technicians, Including Health48,760Environmental Science
Teachers, Postsecondary78,600Environmental Scientists and
Specialists, Including
Health66,160Epidemiologists73,710Executive Secretaries and
Executive Administrative Assistants51,920Exercise
Physiologists59,230Explosives Workers, Ordnance Handling
Experts, and Blasters56,670Extruding, Forming, Pressing, and
Compacting Machine Setters, Operators, and
Tenders37,040Farm and Home Management
Advisors68,410Film and Video Editors42,110Financial
Analysts80,210Financial Clerks, All Other37,260Financial
Examiners84,550Financial Managers118,800Financial
Specialists, All Other61,250Fire Inspectors and
Investigators66,230Firefighters29,350First-Line Supervisors of
Construction Trades and Extraction Workers69,490First-Line
Supervisors of Correctional Officers75,230First-Line
Supervisors of Farming, Fishing, and Forestry
Workers50,050First-Line Supervisors of Fire Fighting and
Prevention Workers69,860First-Line Supervisors of Helpers,
Laborers, and Material Movers, Hand49,590First-Line
Supervisors of Landscaping, Lawn Service, and Groundskeeping
Workers46,790First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics, Installers,
and Repairers63,170First-Line Supervisors of Non-Retail Sales
Workers68,030First-Line Supervisors of Office and
Administrative Support Workers56,880First-Line Supervisors of
Police and Detectives88,320First-Line Supervisors of
Production and Operating Workers58,520First-Line Supervisors
of Protective Service Workers, All Other48,200First-Line
Supervisors of Transportation and Material-Moving Machine
and Vehicle Operators58,250Fish and Game

Wardens46,110Food Service Managers50,090Foreign Language
and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary61,620Forensic Science
Technicians53,980Forest and Conservation
Technicians42,690Foresters59,690Forestry and Conservation
Science Teachers,
Postsecondary90,080Fundraisers59,660Funeral Service
Managers97,620Gaming Supervisors32,220Gas Compressor and
Gas Pumping Station Operators56,220Gas Plant
Operators63,070General and Operations
Managers84,260Geography Teachers,
Postsecondary73,700Geological and Petroleum
Technicians53,150Geoscientists, Except Hydrologists and
Geographers69,700Health and Safety Engineers, Except Mining
Safety Engineers and Inspectors82,080Health Diagnosing and
Treating Practitioners, All Other75,050Health
Educators49,790Health Specialties Teachers,
Postsecondary82,450Health Technologists and Technicians, All
Other54,130Healthcare Practitioners and Technical
Occupations67,470Healthcare Social Workers57,380Hearing
Aid Specialists57,580Historians62,210History Teachers,
Postsecondary74,990Hoist and Winch Operators77,140Home
Economics Teachers, Postsecondary71,420Human Resources
Managers105,090Human Resources Specialists58,220Industrial
Engineering Technicians51,310Industrial
Engineers85,780Industrial Machinery
Mechanics53,180Industrial Production
Managers95,250Information and Record Clerks, All
Other41,700Information Security Analysts87,480Installation,
Maintenance, and Repair Occupations45,990Instructional
Coordinators58,180Insurance Appraisers, Auto
Damage63,450Insurance Sales Agents60,720Insurance
Underwriters61,460Interior Designers49,730Judges, Magistrate
Judges, and Magistrates58,140Kindergarten Teachers, Except
Special Education54,980Labor Relations
Specialists70,360Landscape
Architects63,480Lawyers114,090Layout Workers, Metal and

Plastic42,830Legal Occupations82,900Legal Support Workers,
All Other54,340Librarians59,040Library Science Teachers,
Postsecondary65,910Life Scientists, All Other66,570Life,
Physical, and Social Science Occupations62,840Loading
Machine Operators, Underground Mining41,270Loan
Officers71,340Locomotive Engineers59,470Logging Workers,
All Other41,940Logisticians67,230Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Technologists72,710Management Analysts77,480Managers, All
Other112,490Marine Engineers and Naval
Architects57,230Market Research Analysts and Marketing
Specialists63,840Marketing Managers124,920Marriage and
Family Therapists45,830Materials
Engineers98,820Mathematical Science Teachers,
Postsecondary64,450Mechanical Drafters57,700Mechanical
Engineering Technicians53,270Mechanical
Engineers78,580Media and Communication Equipment Workers,
All Other51,210Medical and Clinical Laboratory
Technologists65,770Medical and Health Services
Managers95,800Medical Equipment Repairers60,120Meeting,
Convention, and Event Planners50,010Mental Health
Counselors46,580Metal-Refining Furnace Operators and
Tenders43,350Middle School Teachers, Except Special and
Career/Technical Education58,870Millwrights46,160Mine
Cutting and Channeling Machine Operators46,410Mine Shuttle
Car Operators53,150Mining and Geological Engineers,
Including Mining Safety Engineers95,550Mining Machine
Operators, All Other45,660Mixing and Blending Machine
Setters, Operators, and Tenders38,030Mobile Heavy Equipment
Mechanics, Except Engines55,680Model Makers, Metal and
Plastic37,560Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral
Directors62,590Multimedia Artists and Animators59,110Music
Directors and Composers57,150Natural Sciences
Managers106,490Network and Computer Systems
Administrators82,280Nuclear Engineers110,620Nuclear
Medicine Technologists81,290Nuclear Technicians59,630Nurse
Practitioners106,870Nursing Instructors and Teachers,

Postsecondary69,470Occupational Health and Safety
Specialists75,110Occupational Health and Safety
Technicians49,330Occupational Therapists72,420Occupational
Therapy Assistants47,550Operations Research
Analysts80,060Optometrists115,660Orthotists and
Prosthetists72,980Painters, Transportation
Equipment45,420Paper Goods Machine Setters, Operators, and
Tenders37,880Paralegals and Legal
Assistants54,820Patternmakers, Metal and
Plastic45,700Personal Financial Advisors88,560Petroleum
Pump System Operators, Refinery Operators, and
Gaugers58,860Pharmacists127,730Philosophy and Religion
Teachers, Postsecondary70,570Physical Therapist
Assistants53,390Physical Therapists78,840Physician
Assistants106,710Physicists102,460Physics Teachers,
Postsecondary73,560Plant and System Operators, All
Other58,840Plumbers, Pipefitters, and
Steamfitters69,560Podiatrists190,620Police and Sheriff's Patrol
Officers63,770Political Science Teachers,
Postsecondary87,540Postal Service Clerks41,170Postal Service
Mail Carriers53,250Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and
Processing Machine Operators56,790Postmasters and Mail
Superintendents69,590Power Distributors and
Dispatchers89,190Power Plant Operators74,300Precision
Instrument and Equipment Repairers, All Other55,050Private
Detectives and Investigators40,540Probation Officers and
Correctional Treatment Specialists62,370Producers and
Directors61,110Production, Planning, and Expediting
Clerks47,710Property, Real Estate, and Community Association
Managers58,050Psychologists, All Other89,580Psychology
Teachers, Postsecondary67,820Public Relations and Fundraising
Managers99,240Public Relations Specialists56,750Pump
Operators, Except Wellhead Pumpers45,000Purchasing Agents,
Except Wholesale, Retail, and Farm Products61,760Purchasing
Managers104,950Radiation Therapists78,720Radio, Cellular,
and Tower Equipment Installers and Repairers59,410Radiologic

Technologists63,510Rail Yard Engineers, Dinkey Operators,
and Hostlers56,580Railroad Conductors and
Yardmasters60,630Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance
Equipment Operators56,520Real Estate Brokers74,240Real
Estate Sales Agents38,800Recreation and Fitness Studies
Teachers, Postsecondary56,640Recreational Vehicle Service
Technicians35,370Refractory Materials Repairers, Except
Brickmasons47,440Registered Nurses74,460Reinforcing Iron
and Rebar Workers53,290Respiratory Therapists66,240Rolling
Machine Setters, Operators, and Tenders, Metal and
Plastic34,160Roof Bolters, Mining54,150Rotary Drill
Operators, Oil and Gas56,660Sales Engineers92,070Sales
Managers115,240Sales Representatives, Services, All
Other55,530Sales Representatives, Wholesale and
Manufacturing, Except Technical and Scientific
Products62,690Sales Representatives, Wholesale and
Manufacturing, Technical and Scientific
Products103,370Secondary School Teachers, Except Special and
Career/Technical Education60,750Securities, Commodities, and
Financial Services Sales Agents66,840Service Unit Operators,
Oil, Gas, and Mining48,010Set and Exhibit
Designers48,680Ship Engineers69,300Signal and Track Switch
Repairers37,720Social and Community Service
Managers72,830Social Scientists and Related Workers, All
Other73,680Social Work Teachers, Postsecondary61,750Social
Workers, All Other53,450Sociology Teachers,
Postsecondary72,100Software Developers,
Applications90,620Software Developers, Systems
Software102,840Soil and Plant Scientists58,390Sound
Engineering Technicians55,730Special Education Teachers, All
Other67,900Special Education Teachers, Kindergarten and
Elementary School58,030Special Education Teachers, Middle
School61,020Special Education Teachers, Secondary
School61,920Speech-Language Pathologists68,080Stationary
Engineers and Boiler
Operators55,890Statisticians84,400Surveyors63,110Tank Car,

Truck, and Ship Loaders43,440Tax Examiners and Collectors,
and Revenue Agents60,810Technical
Writers64,700Telecommunications Equipment Installers and
Repairers, Except Line Installers61,700Tire Builders42,500Tool
and Die Makers55,470Training and Development
Managers104,300Training and Development
Specialists60,730Transportation
Inspectors98,540Transportation, Storage, and Distribution
Managers90,730Urban and Regional
Planners70,080Veterinarians82,470Water and Wastewater
Treatment Plant and System Operators52,550Web
Developers64,600Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm
Products59,080Writers and Authors58,300Zoologists and
Wildlife Biologists59,520
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For your assignment, you will also have three scenarios, of

which you will choose one to research and write about, and you
will contrast the utilitarian and ethical egoist perspective on
these.
You will need to submit:
· A written report that presents one of the options above (Be
sure to give equal time to each element.) This is the most
important parts.
· An oral presentation that summarizes the report and examines
the ethical ideas beyond the particulars of each case. It could
be a voice thread, a recorded video, a voice-over powerpoint, a
webex recording. I'm not picky.
· The link or a scan of the article mentioning the health
technology, social technology, or case you are reporting on. If
you made up the case, please indicate that in your report. In
that case you obviously won't have this.

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