Atoms and Electrons AssignmentLook at these websites to he.docx

Atoms and Electrons Assignment
Look at these websites to help you understand chemical bonding
which depends on the atomic structure. The electrons in the
orbitals will be crucial to figuring out how atoms bond.
Do not cut and paste from the internet or book. Do not copy
from a book or internet. Paraphrase all answers in your own
words. No quotes. You must do the assignment by yourself
without help from other students, friends, significant others.
Jefferson Lab Question and Answers about Atoms
Make sure you click on the links to learn more about atoms and
electrons
Atomic Structure
Make sure you look at all the links on the right side from
Overview to Compound Names
Periodic Table1
You can click on the kind of table information you need on the
left.
Periodic Table 2
Chemical Bonding Websites to help answer Questions 2 and 3:
Chemical Bonding 1
Chemical Bonding 2

SEE ASSIGNMENT RUBRIC AT END OF PAGES FOR HOW
TO MAXIMIZE POINTS.
Atoms and Electrons
Name: ______________________
1. Fill in the table below using the periodic table. (2pts)
Element
Atomic Number
Atomic Mass
# of Valence Electrons
# of Electrons needed to fill the outer shell
Chlorine
Potassium
Magnesium
Fluorine

Sodium
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon
Iodine
Hydrogen

2.
Name each element based on the number of electrons. Use the
periodic chart to help you name the elements. The full name of
the element is below the symbol.
Type the name into the box below each drawing. (2 pts)
1. ___________ 2. ______________ 3.
____________
4. _____________ 5. _____________ 6.
_______________
(next page)
3. a. Name one ionic compound you can form from the above
elements. (1 pt)
b. Describe specifically how you would form that ionic
compound. (be detailed! I want to know that you know how an
ionic bond is formed) (2 pts)

4. a. Name one covalent compound you could form from the
above elements. You may need more than one of the elements
to complete the compound. (1 pt)
b. Describe specifically how these elements would form. (be
detailed! I want to know that you know how a covalent bond is
formed) (2 pts)

Assignment Rubric
Teacher Name: Mrs. Russell
CATEGORY
10-9 pts
8-7 pts
6-5 pts
Less than 5 pts
Amount of Information
All questions are addressed.
Most questions are addressed.
Some questions are addressed.
Many questions were not answered.
Questions #3 b and #4 b
All answers are fully detailed with information required in the
question. Most answers will have at least 3 or more sentences.
All answers are detailed with information required in the
question. Most answers will have 2 sentences.
Answers do not have enough information required in the
question. Most answers will 1 sentence.
No answer to the questions.
Quality of Information
Information clearly relates to the main topic. It includes several
supporting details and/or examples.
Information clearly relates to the main topic. It has some
supporting details and/or examples.
Information clearly relates to the main topic. Few details and/or
examples are given.
Information has little or nothing to do with the main topic.
Mechanics
No grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors.

Almost no grammatical, spelling or punctuation errors. Each
error receives 0.1 pt off.
A few grammatical spelling or punctuation errors. Each error
receives 0.1 pt off.
Many grammatical, spelling, or punctuation errors. Each error
receives 0.1 pt off.
Paraphrasing and Citing Sources
All information was paraphrased.
Most information was paraphrased..
Some information was paraphrased.
Most information was cut and pasted or copied from internet
and books.
Appendices
40
Appendix 1: Master’s Theses
Master’s theses are generally expected to contain the following
elements but vary somewhat due to disciplinary standards.
Please follow the specific guidelines provided in your Capstone
course:
Abstract: Includes the following components: purpose of the
research, methodology, findings, and conclusion. The body of
the abstract is limited to 150-200 words.11
11 The APUS Center for Graduate Studies and the APUS
Library have created an instructional module on Writing the
Abstract for Your Graduate Capstone Thesis at AMU/APU. It
will take you through the entire process. You can access it here:
http://apus.libguides.com/research_methods_guide/writingcapst
oneabstract
Introduction: Identifies student’s specific research question and
sets the general context for the study.
This section should include
• a statement of the problem or general research question and

context leading to a clear statement of the specific research
question;
• background and contextual material justifying why this case or
topic should be studied; and
• a purpose statement.
Literature Review: Reviews the literature on a specific research
question. The literature review focuses on discussing how other
researchers have addressed the same or similar research
questions. It introduces the study and places it in larger context
that includes a discussion of why it is important to study this
case. It provides the current state of accumulated knowledge as
it relates to the student’s specific research question.
• Summarize the general state of the literature (cumulative
knowledge base) on the specific research question by
synthesizing themes, methods, results, and/or theoretical
frameworks used in current literature.
• Include a short conclusion and transition to the next section.
Theoretical Framework/Approach: The theoretical framework
section develops the theories or models to be used in the study
and shows how the student has developed testable research
hypotheses or viable arguments.
This section should include the following:
41
• an introduction discussing gaps in the literature, how this
study will help fill some of those gaps, and justification for the
theory or model to be used in study;
• a summary of the theory or model to be used in the study,
including a diagram of the model if appropriate; and
• a statement of hypotheses to be tested or argument.
Research Design/Methodology: Describes how the student will
test the hypothesis and carry out their analysis. This section
describes the data to be used to test the hypothesis, how the
student will operationalize and collect data on their variables,

and the analytic methods that to be used, noting potential biases
and limitations to the research approach. It should include
• identification and operationalization (measurement) of
variables;
• a sampling plan (i.e., study population and sampling
procedures, if appropriate);
• justification of case studies used;
• data collection/sources (secondary literature, archives,
interviews, surveys, etc.);
• a summary of analysis procedures (pattern-matching, etc.);
and
• the limitations of study and bias discussion.
Findings/Results/Discussion: This section describes the results
of the study. Keep in mind that the “results” are the direct
observations of the research (data), while the “discussion” is the
interpretation and analysis of the results and research. The
Results and Discussion may be presented as separate sections.
The Results and Discussion should include, as appropriate:
• results, including tables, graphs, statistics;
• significance and interpretation of the results;
• discussion of results as they relate to thesis statement/research
question;
• discussion of results as it relates to the theoretical
framework/approach; and
• directions for future research.
Reference List: References the works the student has cited
(direct quotes or paraphrases) in the text. This list must be
formatted according to the school’s prescribed style guide.
42
Appendix 2: Master’s Creative/Applied Projects
Master’s creative/applied projects are generally expected to
contain the following elements, but vary somewhat due to
disciplinary standards. Please see the specific guidelines in your
Capstone course:

oneabstract
Introduction: This section identifies the student’s specific
creative/applied project and sets the general context for it.
• Provide a clear and lucid description of the creative/applied
project including the goal and intent of the project.
• Discuss the schedule and objectives for the work to be
completed.
Literature Review: The literature review focuses on how the
creative/applied project experience fits into the discipline.
Specifically, it introduces the project and places it in a larger
context that includes a discussion of how this experience helps
the student meet the program objectives. It provides the current
state of accumulated knowledge as it relates to the project.
• Describe how completing this project is consistent with the
course of study.
• Articulate the objectives the student hopes to achieve through
the completion of this project.
• Provide a short conclusion and transition to the next section.
Project Design: This section describes the design of the
applied/creative project and situates the project within an issue,
question, or problem within the discipline.
• Discuss how the project questions, contradicts, or reinforces
existing theoretical knowledge relative to the student’s
professional practice and/or discipline.
• Introduces a critical lens or theoretical framework that
informs the project, including appropriate citations and context

for this framework.
• Describes the expected contribution of the project to
knowledge or professional practice within the discipline.
• Discuss the limitations of the project’s scope and
generalizability.
43
The Project: This section is where the student includes their
project, which must comport with discipline standards for rigor,
original contributions to the practice or knowledge of the field,
creative expression within a specific theoretical lens, or
application of theory to a specific context. The project often
includes the following elements:
• Identification of an appropriate problem, issue, or question
within the practice or application of the discipline.
• Analysis of current tools available to solve the problem or
improve professional practice, comparing and contrasting to
identify benefits and issues.
• Rigorous justification of the tool or process selected to
address the problem, with support from the academic and
professional literature.
• Contextualization and application of the chosen tool or
process within professional practice.
• Analysis of the effectiveness and efficiency of the chosen tool
or technique, and discussion of other possible ways the problem
could have been solved.
• Rigorous discussion of how this method of solving the
problem will benefit others.
Reference List: This section should reference the works cited
(direct quotes or paraphrases) in the text. This list must be
formatted according to the school’s prescribed style guide.
44
Appendix 3: Master’s Practicum and Critical Reflection Papers
The master’s practicum and critical reflection paper generally
contain the following elements but may vary according to

disciplinary standards. Please see your Capstone course for
specific guidelines:
oneabstract
Introduction: Identifies the student’s specific practicum
experience and sets the general context for the study.
• Provide a clear and lucid description of the practicum,
including the location or organization in which the practicum
will be completed.
• Describe the 160 hours of work required to complete the
practicum.
• Include the schedule and objectives for the work to be
completed.
• List the name and title of the supervising staff member at the
organization.
Literature Review: This section reviews the literature on the
specific practicum. The literature review focuses on how the
practicum experience fits into the discipline. Specifically, it
introduces the practicum and places it in a larger context that
includes a discussion of how this experience helps the student
meet the program objectives. It provides the current state of
accumulated knowledge as it relates to the student’s specific
practicum experience.
• Describe how completing this practicum is consistent with the
student’s course of study.
• Articulate the objectives the student hopes to achieve through
the completion of this practicum.
• Provide a short conclusion and transition to the next section.

Findings—Log/Journal: This section is where the student
includes their log/journal and where they describe how the
overall practicum experience is situated within the discipline.
• Include the log/journal kept for the duration of the practicum.
• Discuss how the student’s experiences mirror, contradict, or
reinforce existing theoretical knowledge relative to their
experience and discipline.
45
• Provide a summary of ways in which the experience helped the
student meet the program objectives.
• Discuss the limitations of the student’s experience and bias.
Reference List: Reference the works cited (direct quotes or
paraphrases) in the text. This list must be formatted according
to the school’s prescribed style guide.
46
Top margin: 2 inches
Spacing must be consistent and double-spaced.
Do not capitalize “by” or “of”
Left margin: 1.5 inches
Right margin: 1 inch
NOTE:
Use the formatting instructions in the EOP Manual appendices
for the title page, abstract, and other front matter. Use the
disciplinary style guide for your program for the body of the
document.
See Footnote 3 on page 11 for information on how to handle the
APA Running Head requirement.
Month of submission
Bottom margin: 1.25 inches
Appendix 4: Title Page (Required format for all capstone
projects.)
DRONES AS WEAPON OF WAR IN AF/PAK REGION

A Master Thesis
Submitted to the Faculty
of
American Public University
by
Richard James Smith
In Partial Fulfillment of the
Requirements for the Degree
of
Master of Arts
December 2011
American Public University
Charles Town, WV
47
NOTES: • Text should begin just after halfway down the page. •
This sample includes the exact language that must be used.
Appendix 5: Sample of Copyright Page (Required format for all
capstone projects.)
The author hereby grants the American Public University
System the right to display these contents for educational
purposes.
The author assumes total responsibility for meeting the
requirements set by United States copyright law for the
inclusion of any materials that are not the author’s creation or
in the public domain.
© Copyright 2018 by ________________________(insert your
name)
All rights reserved.
48
Text should be double-spaced.
Appendix 6: Sample of Dedication Page (Optional)
DEDICATION
I dedicate this thesis to my parents. Without their patience,
understanding, support, and, most of all, love, the completion of

this work would not have been possible.
49
Text should be double-spaced.
Appendix 7: Sample of Acknowledgments Page (Optional)
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I wish to thank the members of my committee for their support,
patience, and good humor. Their gentle but firm direction has
been most appreciated. Dr. Betty Morrow was particularly
helpful in guiding me toward a qualitative methodology. Dr.
Judith Slater’s interest in a sense of competence was the
impetus for my proposal. Finally, I would like to thank my
major professor, Dr. Stephen Fain. From the beginning, he had
confidence in my abilities to not only complete a degree, but to
complete it with excellence.
I have found my course work throughout the national security
program to be stimulating and thoughtful, providing me with the
tools with which to explore both past and present ideas and
issues.
50
Top margin: 2 inches
Left margin: 1.5 inches
Right margin: 1 inch
Bottom margin: 1.25 inches
This is the required format. NOTE: It is permissible for the text
of the abstract itself to continue on to another page.
NOTE: The abstract is a required component of the
thesis/capstone paper. If you are not sure of what an abstract is
or of how to write one, the APUS Center for Graduate Studies
and the APUS Library have created an instructional module on
Writing the Abstract for Your Graduate Capstone Thesis at
AMU/APU, viewable at
oneabstract.
Appendix 8: Sample of Abstract of the Thesis (Required format
for all capstone projects.)

ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS
DRONES IN NATO LED EFFORTS IN AF/PAK
by
Richard James Smith
American Public University System, July 1, 2007
Charles Town, West Virginia
Professor John Doe, Thesis Professor
Begin typing the abstract here, double-spaced. The abstract
must include the following components: purpose of the
the abstract is limited to 150-200 words (no less than 150 and
no more than 200). The abstract may continue on to the next
page.
51
Refer to the notes on the following page for formatting
information.
Appendix 9: Sample of a Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER PAGE
I. INTRODUCTION
.......................................................................................
......... 1
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
........................................................................................ 5
Competing Perceptions of National Security
.................................................... 5
Drones as a Weapon of War
............................................................................. 8
Afghanistan
Security..................................................................................
..... 12
Pakistan Security
............................................................................................
15
III. METHODOLOGY
..............................................................................................

24
Subjects and Setting
...................................................................................... 24
Data Collection Technique
............................................................................. 25
Statistical Analysis
.......................................................................................... 27
Limitations of the Study
................................................................................. 30
IV. RESULTS
...............................................................................................
.......... 34
Legal Framework
...................................................................................... ......
34
Impact of Drone Strikes on War Effort
........................................................... 38
Impact of Drone Strikes on U.S.-Pakistani Relations
..................................... 40
Impact of Drone Strikes on U.S. Regional Interests
....................................... 48
52
NOTES: • Follow your style guide for exact formatting
requirements. • Dot leaders (periods between words and pages)
are required. • Pages should be left justified. • Double space
between entries. • Hyperlinking to sections within the thesis can
add ease to navigation.
V. DISCUSSION
...............................................................................................
.... 49
Ethics and Legality of Using Drones
............................................................... 49
Competing Conceptions of Self-Defense and National Security
.................... 50
Controversy about Use of Drones in Warfare
................................................. 52

Summary
...............................................................................................
......... 54
Recommendations
......................................................................................... 56
LIST OF REFERENCES
...............................................................................................
.. 60
APPENDICES ………………………….
................................................................................. 66
53
Appendix 10: Sample of List of Tables
LIST OF TABLES
TABLE PAGE
1. Physical Education Teacher Demographic Data
............................................. ....... 15
2. Current University Student Demographic
Data....................................................... 17
3. Number of High or Low Value Orientations for Respondents
................................. 25
4. Teacher Value Orientation Profile by
Gender.......................................................... 28
5. Teacher Value Orientation Profile by Academic Rank
............................................ 33
6. Teacher Value Orientation Profile by Teaching Experience
.................................... 39
7. Student Value Orientation Profile by Gender
.......................................................... 41
8. Student Value Orientation Profile by Academic Major
............................................ 45
9. Student Value Orientation Profile in Different Year at

University ........................... 51
54
Appendix 11: Sample of List of Figures
LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE PAGE
1. Physical Education Teacher Demographic Data
............................................. ....... 15
2. Current University Student Demographic
Data....................................................... 17
3. Number of High or Low Value Orientations for Respondents
................................. 25
4. Teacher Value Orientation Profile by
Gender.......................................................... 28
5. Teacher Value Orientation Profile by Academic Rank
............................................ 33
6. Teacher Value Orientation Profile by Teaching Experience
.................................... 39
7. Student Value Orientation Profile by Gender
.......................................................... 41
55
Appendix 12: Sample of Permission to Quote or Reproduce
Copyrighted Material Letter
Date___________________________
I (we)
_____________________________________________________
__________ owner(s) of the copyright to the work known as
______________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________ hereby authorize
_____________________________________________________
__ to use the following material as part of their thesis to be

submitted to American Public University System.
Page Line Numbers or Other Identification
_____________________
Signature
56
Appendix 13: Sample of Practicum Organizational Consent
Form
Date___________________________
Name of organization
_________________________________________________
Program
_____________________________________________________
____
Work to be
completed____________________________________________
_____
Dates of practicum/schedule
____________________________________________
I (we)
_____________________________________________________
__________ as (state position title)
______________________________ attest to the fact that
(student’s name) will be completing the above described
practicum in our organization. We hereby authorize (name of
student) to work with us in completion of their master’s degree
at American Public University System. It is our understanding
that they will write a critical reflection paper on this
experience. The student may use/identify our name in the
paper/the student is required to keep our name anonymous in
completing the reflection paper. (Name of person) will serve as
the mentor for this student in our organization throughout their
work with us.
_____________________________________________________
___________________
Signature Title Date
57

Appendix 14: Critical Reflection Method Suggested for
Completion of Practicum Paper
1. Description of the experience. (5 - 7 pages)
2. Critical reflection on this experience and the related
discipline practices experienced and observed during the
practicum in light of theory and literature relative to the work
of the practicum. (8 - 10 pages)
3. Discussion of ways the theory and literature
challenges/affirms the experience and ways the experience
challenges/affirms the literature and theory. (5 - 7 pages)
4. Recommendations for future practice and/or theory. (5 - 6
pages)
I (we)
_____________________________________________________
__________ owner(s) of the copyright to the work known as
______________________________
_____________________________________________________
________________ hereby authorize
_____________________________________________________
__ to use the following material as part of their thesis to be
submitted to American Public University System.
Page Line Numbers or Other Identification
_____________________
Signature
58
Appendix 15: Sample of IRB Approval Letter
Institutional Review Board (IRB)
Application Number:
Application Title:
Dear
The APUS IRB has reviewed and approved the above
application.

Date of IRB approval:
Date of IRB approval expiration:
The approval is valid for one calendar year from the date of
approval. Should your research using human subjects extend
beyond the time covered by this approval, you will need to
submit an extension request form to the IRB.
Changes in the research (e.g., recruitment process,
advertisements) or informed consent process must be approved
by the IRB before they are implemented. Please submit a
protocol amendment form to do so.
It is the responsibility of the investigators to report to the IRB
any serious, unexpected, and related adverse events and
potential unanticipated problems related to risks to subjects and
others using the unanticipated problems notification.
Please direct any question to [email protected] The forms
mentioned above are available at
http://www.apus.edu/community-scholars/institutional-review-
board/apply.htm.
Sincerely,
Jennifer Douglas, PhD IRB Chair
59
Appendix 16: Portfolio and Critical Reflection Paper
The master's critical reflection paper for the Portfolio option
generally contains the following elements but may vary
according to disciplinary standards. Please see the guidelines in
your capstone course.
Abstract: Includes the following components: a brief overview
of what your paper will cover and a short explanation of how
you will use the paper to demonstrate you have met the learning
objectives of the program. The body of the abstract is limited to
150-200 words.14
http://apus.libguides.com/writing/thesiscapstone/abstract

Introduction: Provides the reader with an overview of the
purpose of the paper and details regarding how the paper will
articulate how all of the program objectives have been met.
The Body: This section of the paper should include the
following elements:
1. Philosophy of Learning. This section provides a reflective
narrative on the student’s learning process.
2. Achievements in Learning. Here the student should discuss
elements that demonstrate key learning achievement. This could
include, transcripts, course descriptions, résumés, honors,
awards, internships, tutoring, or mentoring.
3. Evidence of Learning. Here the student should contextualize
artifacts from the portfolio within disciplinary theoretical
frameworks. These artifacts may include research papers,
critical essays, field experience logs, creative displays/
performances, data/spreadsheet analyses, course electronic
listserv entries, reports for projects.
4. Assessment of Learning. In this section, the student should
discuss how their learning was assessed. For example, include a
discussion of their trajectory of professional growth based on
instructor feedback, course test scores, exit/board exams,
lab/data reviews, research project results, practicum reports,
etc.
5. Relevance of Learning. The focus here is on demonstrating
mastery of the programmatic learning objectives. The student
can also discuss the practical applications of their learning, and
how the learning related to personal and professional domains
or to their ethical/moral growth. In addition, the student could
discuss how the learning impacted their ability to lead or their
ability to transfer what was learned to external environments
such as professional affiliations, hobbies, or volunteering.
60
6. Learning Goals. Finally, the student can use this section to
discuss how they plan to enhance, connect, and apply their
learning.

Other elements that may be included in the portfolio include the
following:
• job documents (e.g., cover letter, resume) aimed at employers
for promotions or new positions; and
• an executive summary that offers a professional profile of the
student with key skills and knowledge from the master’s
program.
Appendix: This section should contain am example or two of the
learning artifacts along with the log/journal that was kept
during the student’s course of study.
Reference List: Reference the works cited (direct quotes or
paraphrases) in the text. This list must be formatted according
to the school’s prescribed style guide.
Running head: THE RESURGENCE OF NATIONALISM
1
THE RESURGENCE OF NATIONALISM 9
August 2018 Comment by Angela Parham: You are missing
your Abstract.
the abstract is limited to 150-200 words.
Your paper is not ready for the Program Director Review. It is
still written as if a survey was conducted. See my feedback.
Your paper needs to be in the correct format. I have attached
the 2018 EOP Manual that outlines the different sections of the
paper.
On page 40 and 41 (attached appendix file) of the 2018 EOP
Manual, provides a list of elements the Master’s theses are
expected to contain. Please use this as your guide for

structuring your paper.
Also see pages 46 -54 for formatting. ( attached appendix file))
Table of Contents
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION4
1.1 Introduction4
1.2 Background of the Problem6
1.3 Statement of the Problem8
1.4 Purpose of the Study9
1.5 Research Question9
1.6 Significance of the Study9
1.7 Definition of Terms10
1.8 Assumptions, Limitations and Delimitations10
1.9 Conclusion11
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW11
2.1 Introduction11
2.2 Search Description12
2.3 Theoretical Framework12
2.4 Review of the literature13
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY22
3.1 Introduction22
3.2 Research Design22
3.3 Research Question23
3.4 Setting24
3.5 Participants24
3.6 Data Collection24
3.7 Data Analysis25
3.8 Conclusion26
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS27
CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION AND
SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH34
5.1 Introduction34
5.2 Summary of Findings34
5.3 Conclusions36
5.4 Discussion40

5.5 Suggestions for Future Research44
5.6 Conclusion46
References47
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Introduction
The election of President Donald J Trump and Brexit
have highlighted the resurgence of nationalism in the modern
society as workers who are anxious about the effects of
globalization on their employment chances turn on outsiders. In
addition, the strong performance of Marine Le Pin in the
presidential election in France and the resurgence of nationalist
parties in Eastern Europe have increased the anxiety of
stakeholders about the rise of nationalism and its implications
for the society.
The definition of nationalist companies involves a
commitment by right wing parties towards embracing isolation
in a bid to insulate their countries from the economic disruption
that has been caused by the glob al economic system.
The left behind thesis has been used by many observers
of the phenomenon in demonstrating the causes of the
resurgence of nationalism(Haidt, 2016). The view is informed
by the belief that globalization has raised the quality of life of
people across the world except those in western societies. The

less educated members of the society lose their employment
opportunities to countries with cheap labor and minimal
environmental regulations. In addition, workers have also lost
employment opportunities to the immigrants who have moved to
the country. Employers prefer using immigrants on low-skilled
labor because the approach enables them to reduce their
operating costs. In towns, which have witnessed stagnation, the
residents resent the progress of others while their lives remain
the same. The increasing inequality in the society has
continued to attract the resentment of the locals who have
missed the economic transformation that is captured in the
rising opulence, skyscrapers and financial growth for
professionals.
Nationalist candidates have observed that the struggle
between the nationalism and those with a globalization agenda
is one between patriots and those who do not love their country
(Sauers, 2010). However, it is evident that nationalists have
embraced a narrow view of the global economy and how their
communities’ suit into it.
It is evident that the racist undertones in the society
have not ended in spite of the efforts, which have been made by
governments across the world to create harmony. As a result, it
is evident that communities need to have a conversation about
racial differences and equality (Sabato, 2017).
The resurgence of nationalism is occurring at a time
where some countries are experiencing an increased push for
closer international cooperation (BBC, 2018). Donald Trump is
leading the resurgence of nationalism. The move by President
Donald Trump to enact trade tariffs has contributed towards the
increasing divide within the international community over the
role of globalization in the modern society. He has also
highlighted a willingness to renegotiate NAFTA. The move by
the President of the United States has been the primary cause of
concern over the impact that the resurgence of nationalism may
have on the modern society. The experience of Brexit has
demonstrated the inherent challenges that the nationalist

movement would face once it ascends to power. The United
Kingdom is slowly learning that isolation may have unintended
negative effects that outweigh the value that would be derived
from the move. However, Brexit has highlighted the structural
and systemic challenges, which have undermined public
confidence in the centralization of decision-making and the
governance of people. The rise of nationalism has undermined
the ability of the international community to collaborate and
engage in the management of the public sector. The success of
the international community is based on the trust of members of
the public with each other. The resurgence of nationalism
threatens to undermine the ability of stakeholders to collaborate
with each other (BBC, 2018). The resignation of Gary Cohn as
the top economist of the United States has highlighted the
commitment of globalists towards fighting nationalism.
Understanding how to manage the resurgence of nationalism and
create an effective social-economic system that promotes
inclusive patriotism is essential to facilitating the long-term
stability of the global economic system. Comment by Angela
Parham: Spell out first time.
1.2 Background of the Problem
The growth and development of a society results in an
increased desire among the people to overcome the traditional
values in favor of more open to change, progressiveness and
social engineering. As Western nations achieved economic
development, they moved towards emphasizing the
emancipative values, which highlight the importance of
individual rights and protections for an individual (Greenfeld,
2003). The rise in individuality in Western societies has
undermined the identity of the people in the society. The fading
of survival challenges has led the society to celebrate
employment opportunities such as coding which enable an
individual to express himself or herself. The shift means that
people who lose jobs in outsourced factories and closed mines
have challenges forming an identity in a society, which does not
respect their values a lot. Democratic capitalism has also

resulted in the organization of the business environment
presenting challenges to the living standards of the people. The
rise of the young urban elite has resulted in leaving behind
many rural economies.
Local ties have weakened in the society as the people
have moved to towards urban areas. The people start to perceive
themselves as citizens of the world as opposed to those of their
individual countries (Gellner, 1998). However, nationalism has
also continued to influence mainstream politics with the British
Prime Minister stating, “If you are a citizen of everywhere, you
are a citizen of nowhere”. The remark demonstrated the
evolution of public mood in the British society as Gordon
Brown’s remarks in 2007 stating that “British jobs for British
workers” had been referred to as an act of racism. The liberal
universalism had contributed towards the creation of the
resentment among the people who believed that their
government had failed to provide effective support for local
business and workers. Comment by Angela Parham: Citation
needed. Comment by Angela Parham: Citation needed.
Internationalism led to the increased competition for
jobs as societies sought to create opportunities for immigrants.
Multicultural globalists advocated for the rise of the
globalization and immigration as it sought to share
opportunities and create an enabling environment for
corporations to choose the best talent from anywhere in the
world.
Nationalists and globalists had a competing vision as
they failed to agree on the subject of immigration. Nationalists
have increasingly held the view that the globalization agenda
has been driven by the business community which seeks to use
immigrants to access the cheapest labor (Hutchinson, 2000).
Some nationalists hold the view that their country is better than
others are. In contrast, others are racist and illiberal. In
addition, some believe that their patriotic values place them
with a moral responsibility of contributing towards the
protection of the people.

The terrorist attacks in the society have had a negative
impact on the society. Terrorism has led to phobia against
Islamic immigrants due to the fear of the impact that they have
on the society. The fear of radical Islam has fueled the
opposition against immigration of Muslims in the society.
The responses of the people towards immigration are
influenced by the fear and anxiety that people have over their
economic well-being and safety (Spencer & Wollman, 2005).
The biggest challenge that members of the public and their
leaders have had in reacting to the problem of nationalism is the
lack of empathy among the leaders. Many people have failed to
demonstrate an appreciation of the concerns that have made
some communities resistant to immigration and globalization.
The resurgence of nationalism threatens international
peace and collaboration at a time when nations have the
responsibility of engaging in shared problem solving. A return
to nationalism and the rise of nationalism and protectionism
could have an adverse effect on the rise of globalization and the
impact that it can have on the society (BBC, 2018). The success
of individual nations and their citizens is increasingly
dependent on treaties and partnerships with other countries to
harness their comparative advantage. The ability of
communities to achieve desirable outcomes in the present age
depends on their ability to collaborate with others and take
advantage of the opportunities that are available across the
world.
1.3 Statement of the Problem
The rise of nationalism is a consequence of the anxiety
that people are experiencing in their interaction with others
(Kohl & Fawcett, 1996). Billionaire leaders such as President
Donald Trump have successfully tapped into the discontent of
the people with the existing global economic system to further
their political agenda. In addition, many people have failed to
understand the issues that are important to the people who are
feeling left behind by the globalization in the society. Leaders
recognize that a failure to manage the resurgence of nationalism

could undermine the ability of the international community to
tackle shared challenges that require cooperation among
different countries such as climate change and global economic
system. In addition, isolationist policies tend to enhance the
extremist positions in countries, undermining the ability of their
elected leaders to engage in the compromises that are essential
to the effective governance of a state. The international
community needs to understand the nature of the threat posed by
nationalism in the modern society and the impact that it could
have on political stability and economic growth.
1.4 Purpose of the Study
The purpose of the study is to investigate the factors that
have resulted in the resurgence of nationalism and its
implications on the international community. The insights
gained from this study will form the basis for addressing the
concerns that have made some people in the Western nations to
reject globalization. It will also provide an effective long-term
strategy for protecting the society from the systemic attempts
aimed at closing individual countries from each other. The
insights gained from this study will contribute towards the
promotion of globalization and collaboration efforts in the
international community.
Despite the committed support of President Donald Trump
for nationalism, he has continued to face sustained opposition
from members of Congress from both parties and the business
community. As a result, his actions have been limited though
they have undermined the role of the United States as the
guarantor of the free market system.
1.5 Research Question
· What has caused the resurgence of nationalism? Comment by
Angela Parham: What is your Hypothesis? Comment by
Angela Parham: Your hypothesis should be something that you
can actually test, what's called a testable hypothesis. In other
words, you need to be able to measure both "what you do" and
"what will happen." Most of the time a hypothesis is written
like this: "If _____[I do this] _____, then _____[this]_____ will

happen." Your hypothesis should always explain what you
expect to happen during the course of your research.
1.6 Significance of the Study
The study is timely due to the increasing interest among
scholars and the international community to understand the
resurgence of nationalism and its long-term effects. The study
will also seek to evaluate the steps that can be taken to enhance
the engagement of all people in creating a prosperous and
shared economy. The findings of the study will contribute
towards informed discourse on the issue of nationalism and
enable policy makers to make informed choices about the
challenges facing some communities and the effective
intervention measures, which should be used to reduce the
extremist positions held by others on globalization. The
significance of the study is that it addresses an important
contemporary issue that has a disruptive effect on the continued
civilization of the modern society.
1.7 Definition of Terms Comment by Angela Parham: I would
recommend writing this is paragraph form.
Globalists: individuals who support globalization
Globalization: the process through which businesses or
organizations gain influence across the world
Nationalism: advocacy for the political independence of a
country
Patriotism: the quality of vigorous support for one’s country
Immigration: the movement of people into a country in which
they are not citizens
1.8 Assumptions, Limitations and Delimitations
The study will assume that those who support
nationalism have different reasons based on their experiences
and their values. However, the biggest limitation of the study is
the inability to conduct extensive interviews and ethnographic
observations in order to understand the perceptions of the
people concerning nationalism. In spite of the inability to
conduct an extensive study, the study will use extensive
qualitative research to extrapolate the findings of its limited

research and synthesize it with the relevant literature on the
subject.
1.9 Conclusion
This section has demonstrated the nature of
nationalism and the challenges it poses to both individual
countries and the international community. It is evident that
economic concerns are the primary drivers of nationalism in the
society (BBC, 2018). As a result, the study will provide an
effective framework for the effective resolution of the
challenges posed by increasing globalization in the modern
society.
CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW Comment by
Angela Parham: The literature review surveys publications
(books, journals and sometimes conference papers) on works
that has already been done on the topic of your research paper.
It should only include studies that have direct relevance to your
research.
2.1 Introduction
The literature review aimed at developing a holistic
understanding of nationalism and its resurgence in the modern
society. As a result, past and present incidences of nationalism
were examined in the research process. The findings of the
study form the basis for understanding the psychology of the
modern nationalist and the factors that cause it to be prevalent
among different parts of the society.
2.2 Search Description
The search terms comprised of ‘nationalism’, ‘causes of
nationalism’, ‘causes of Brexit’ and ‘Trumpism’. The search
results produced leads that the researcher used to identify other

literature material on the subject. The focused research played
an important role in enabling the researcher to identify the
literature that could be used in the study. In addition, the
internet search involved ‘resurgence of nationalism’ and
‘nationalists’.
2.3 Theoretical Framework Comment by Angela Parham: Is
this theoretical framework from a source?
Cultural factors
Patriotism
Nationalism
Social-economic factors
Political factors
Fig 1 Theoretical framework for the resurgence of nationalism
The theoretical framework demonstrates the impact that
environmental factors have on the inherent patriotism of an
individual. Each person has a close relationship with their
nation that forms part of their identity. The cultural factors in
the society may affect how people perceive others. Part of the
opposition towards nationalism can be linked to cultural issues,
which affect how the people perceive each other. In addition,
social-economic factors may affect the sense of security that a
person has about their future (Spencer & Wollman, 2005).
Political actors may exploit social-economic and cultural factors
to stir interest in nationalism. The resurgence of nationalism

can be linked to the cultural and social-economic factors in the
American society. Consequently, it is evident that the adoption
of nationalism is a response to threats to the identity or survival
of an individual. The push for nationalism is a reactive response
to the fear and anxiety caused by the potential loss of the
identity of a person (BBC, 2018).
2.4 Review of the literature
The turn of the new millennium held the hope that most
countries around the world would turn away from nationalism as
globalization and technological advancements created new
opportunities for the young generation to interact with others. It
was expected that young people would be less nationalistic than
their parents would as they recognized the shared value in the
connection of different cultures and societies (Helleiner, &
Pickel, 2005). The political future of many communities seemed
to lie in super nations such as the European Union. However,
nationalism started to enjoy a large resurgence across the world
as the promise of globalization failed to result in shared
prosperity.
Populists from Venezuela to Poland, the United States and
Britain have exploited nationalism by casting themselves as
opponents of globalists. The appeal of nationalism is evident in
the need to project the fears and anxiety of a people to the other
(Serwer, 2017). In China, Russia and Turkey authoritarian
regimes have played the nationalism card to entrench their hold
on power by concentrating economic and political control in
their hands. Institutions such as the European Union have found
that they are being held back by the increased resistance against
the centralization of decision-making authority in the society.
The latest wave of nationalism seems set to endure for a long
period as changes in the world economy continue to increase
anxiety over the economic viability of many communities and
their members. The success of nationalism can be linked to its
immense power. It plays an important role in giving people an
identity in a multicultural world where immigration threatens to
break down the traditional conceptualization of nation states.

The definition of a nation over the years has been anchored in
common ancestry (Gans, 2003). This view is responsible for the
inability of many people to accept immigrants and assimilated
persons as part of them. For instance, it explains the reluctance
of people to accept Muslims as capable of becoming real
Britons or Germans. In spite of the increased willingness among
the people to accept that people with different skin colors and
ethnicity as being part of themselves, the adoption of multi-
ethnic nations has always been a social experiment that was
bound to face some fierce resistance from the target population.
Many people are keen to hold onto their mono-ethnic identities
because it aligns with what they know about the role of
nationhood in their lives.
The resurgence of nationalism in Canada and the United States
in spite of the countries having experienced immigration for
many decades demonstrates the enduring need for mono-ethnic
identities and the endurance of their rigid racial structures. The
progress that has been made towards reducing the injustices and
inequality caused by the societal challenges in the society has
threatened those who view the concept of a nation as being
synonymous with Christianity and whiteness (Sharma, 2006).
Changes in the society have threatened the status of many
people who relied on their race or religion to access privilege in
the society. Consequently, the pushback against immigration
and racial equality could be driven in large part by concerns
over the impact that it will have on the privilege, which is
available to members of the community (Sabato, 2017).
The association of nationalism with one ethnic group risks
enhancing the tensions and inequality that have defined the
society in the past. As a result, it is imperative for communities
to embrace effective intervention measures to enhance their
ability to reach new groups and embrace a more inclusive form
of nationalism (Waldron, 2002). The approach will be integral
in creating opportunities for the society to benefit from the
adoption of a collective identity. Presently, nationalism evokes
a negative response, which undermines the ability of the people

to have an honest conversation about nationalism (Sin, 2006). It
is evident that each human being has an emotional connection
with their identity. In a fast-changing world, the concept of
nationhood provides not only an identity, but is also an
important function of the hopes and aspirations of individuals.
As a result, it is important for members of the society to
empathize with those who have expressed support for
nationalism because they believe in one form of nationalism.
The liberal reaction to nationalism has been flawed and only
served to entrench the resistance of some groups against
globalization. The view involves recognition of the inherent
weakness in the continued attempt to encourage the power to
abandon any collective identity in favor of transcending tribal
allegiances (Brubaker, 1997). The approach fails to recognize
the need for identity in a rapidly changing world. Nationalism
has achieved a lot of power by expanding the circle of sympathy
among a people who are concerned over their place in a rapidly
changing world (Miščević, 2000). Globalists have contributed
towards the rise of globalization by failing to recognize the
adverse effects of globalization. However, it fails to recognize
the impact that such a system has on the individual persons who
are forced to compete with cheaper labor from around the
world. As a result, nationalism has a flawed overall strategy but
a more compassionate individual framework while universalism
has a holistic and open overall strategy but fails to account for
the needs of individual persons (Lomnitz-Adler, 2001).
The liberal response to nationalism has been a rush towards the
protection of minorities. However, this approach has failed to
embrace intersectionality theory in understanding how sub-
groups may act as agents of victimization. It is evident that
even small groups may be instruments of oppression for some of
their members. The observation is evident in the failure by the
Muslim community to embrace gender equality, a practice that
continues to cause friction with other communities where they
immigrate. As a result, the most effective way for the modern
society to allow the exercise of individual freedom is to provide

a political identity that allows them to live their lives and is
independent of the interests of particular cultural groups.
The biggest problem is that liberals gave up on their attempt to
define nationalism. Instead, extremist right-wing groups who
have an ultra-conservative view of the concept of a nation and
its role in the identity of a person now drive the movement. The
experiences that Germany and the United States have had with
prejudice have led to the view that any form of nationalism may
result in the excesses that mar their histories. Instead of
inspiring patriots to hold the values and aspirations of their
nations, many activists have been content in denouncing past
injustices. The narrow approach has failed to provide a path for
the future even as it seeks to deconstruct the history of their
nations. The approach has surrendered the role of defining
nationalism to bigots and racists in the society.
The example of a few political leaders demonstrates that many
liberals recognize that active involvement in the continued
effort to define nation states is important in enabling countries
to achieve their goals. The observation is evident in the speech
that President Barack Obama gave in Selma, Alabama in
memory of the civil rights march and the sacrifices that were
borne in the pursuit of racial equality in the United States
(Sabato, 2017). President Obama noted the importance of
continued engagement in forging a common political identity in
when he state, ‘What greater expression of faith in the
American experiment than this…What greater form of
patriotism is there than the belief that America is not yet
finished, that we are strong enough to be self-critical, that each
successive generation can look upon our imperfections and
decide that it is in our power to remake this nation to more
closely align with our highest ideals?” Similarly, Emmanue
Macron embraced this view when he was campaigning for the
Presidency of France when he stated that, ‘I see Armenians,
Italians, Algerians, Moroccans, and Tunisians…, “But what do I
see? I see the people of Marseille! What do I see? I see the
people of France!” His remarks were a repudiation of the

exclusive nationalism that was being advocated by the National
Front Party. However, the strong performance of the party and
the fact that President Obama was succeeded by Trumpism
demonstrated that more needs to be done to expand the
participation of different groups in the continued effort of
defining nationhood and determining its values. Comment by
Angela Parham: Citation needed. Comment by Angela
Parham: Citation needed.
The United States and Europe has a rich history of inclusive
patriotism. However, more needs to be done to increase the
engagement of different groups in nationalism and in forming
the nations that they belong to. It is evident that a lot needs to
be done to provide a sense of shared ownership of the society.
The election of President Donald Trump and the continued rise
of the European Parliament made some people to feel that their
identity and understanding of their nation was being threatened
(Serwer, 2017). The people felt that they were losing their way
of life considering social-cultural changes in the world. The
election of Donald Trump was in large part the consequence of
the rise of the LGBTQ community after a Supreme Court ruling
upheld same sex marriage, the election of a black President and
the possible succession by a female president. The activities
sought to break social, gender, racial and cultural practices that
had defined white America for many years (Sabato, 2017). In
addition, the continued growth of the Latina population across
the United States presented the fear that white Americans would
become a majority in the United States. The failure of the
nationalism movement to create an inclusive definition of
nationhood means that many people view their political identity
as being tied to their cultural one. Comment by Angela
Parham: Spell out first time.
The United States has consistently sought to define itself as a
melting pot of different cultures and ethnicities. However, the
approach seeks to force people to embrace a unified Culture. In
Canada, the model is that of a salad where different cultures are
believed to enrich the whole. However, the idealized approach

is overly optimistic of a group with members who share little
across their cultural and ethnic divide. The metaphor may
provide a view of the ideal nation that nationalists would wish
to create. However, it has features that are inherently abused by
the movement. It is defined by shared and equal rights among
all the groups in the nation. Achieving the model will require
taking pride in the collective desire for shared ownership of the
destiny of the nation and a responsibility towards helping
others. It requires humility in accepting the prejudices of the
past and forging a common future.
Many observers have noted that compassionate patriotism is
different from nationalism. They note that it requires
cooperative abroad and an innocent love of one’s country. In
contrast, nationalism seeks to exclude other societies and to
place the interests of one’s country above those of others.
Achieving compassionate patriotism requires the exclusion of
the exclusionary politics that are prevalent from Washington to
Moscow to Beijing. The global nature of nationalism
demonstrates a shared interest among the people of the world
for a retreat from the world to their countries (Serwer, 2017).
Although this approach is a conservative and anxious response
to the uncertainty of the modern age, it is evident that it is
fueled by existing prejudices that have merely been silenced but
not overcome in the past.
Individuals who believe in liberalism have a responsibility to
take responsibility for the control of nationalism because of the
importance of shared engagement with each other. It is
imperative for members of the society to recognize the
importance of investing in the well-being and success of each
other. The failure to manage nationalism could result in the
resurgence of philosophies similar to those of the Nazi
movement. Consequently, the society has a responsibility to
demonstrate greater responsibility in managing the threat posed
by nationalism.
The military parade that was proposed by President Donald
Trump highlights the enduring threats posed by a retreat to

nationalism. Military parades are an instrument of totalitarian
regimes, which seek to use them to arouse national pride. The
reliance on a show of might as a marker of the identity of a
people fails to recognize the inherent value in embracing a more
robust response to the opportunities provided in the society
(Serwer, 2017). It fails to account for the benefits that could be
derived from a shared ownership of the tasks facing the nation.
The success of nationalism in the twentieth century was
dependent on the instability in the world. However, the modern
age is characterized by relative stability in large parts of the
world. Consequently, nationalism can be the consequence of the
inability of political leaders to take responsible stewardship of
modern day challenges. It is evident that the prevailing
environment does not favor the long-term survival of
nationalism as increased prosperity around the world and the
sharing of information increases the desire among the people for
immigration and shared experiences (Nairn, 1997). The political
leaders across the world have a moral responsibility to meet the
modern-day challenges facing their nations with boldness of
vision to create an enduring identity for their nations. In
contrast, the embrace of nationalism highlights a weak response
to the challenges of leadership.
The success of modern day nationalist in the United States lies
in the use of economic theory to highlight the willingness of
some members of the society to embrace the vision that is
offered by isolationists who view the other as a threat to the
continued prosperity of their nations. Individuals such as
Donald Trump have sought to portray themselves as the savior
of the working class who are being left behind by the changing
economic and political environment, which fails to provide
opportunities for inclusive prosperity. They rely on attacks on
the broken system to appeal to the emotions of the common
person without proposing tangible solutions.
They also attack foreign aid as an attempt at diverting the
resources of the nation to other people. The zero-sum approach
to governance employs an insular view of the role of the nation

in the world and fails to recognize the responsibility that a
nation has to others (Zimmer, 2003). The misadventures of
Japan during the Second World War highlight the consequences
of unbridled nationalism. The retreat of Japan from nationalism
serves as a cautionary tale for any country that would seek to
follow the same path.
White nationalists have an effective appeal to a large segment
of the American population because they provide a voice to a
largely forgotten group in the society. In the fight for civil
rights and equality in the society, the needs of the white man
have been neglected by the state. The loss of blue-collar jobs
that were a source of pride and opportunities for social-
economic development for many white men across the rustbelt
and the American inland is the straw that broke the camel’s
back. A review of the areas where the opioid crisis is most
rampant demonstrates that white Americans are the most
affected. In effect, in spite of their enduring numerical
advantage, it is visible that the white man is quickly becoming a
minority whose interests and needs are being neglected. White
nationalism has provided a consistent platform for this group to
highlight their plight and their needs. The resurgence of the
movement in the recent past is a factor of the growing neglect
of white men and the impact that it has had on their
communities.
CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY Comment by Angela
Parham: The methodology section of a research paper answers
two main questions: How was the data collected or generated?
And, how was it analyzed? The writing should be direct and

precise and always written in the past tense.
3.1 Introduction
The resultant empirical investigations probably need an
adaptation to the existing research methods including
exploitation for new data sources. The constitutive elements for
the research agenda already exist and what is required is only
the integration across the methodological and disciplinary
boundaries. An extensive mixed method seeks to identify the
utilization of the national and ethnic affiliations in everyday
interactions as the bridge across cultural variations although it
is sometimes the source of conflict and differentiation. The
methodology seeks to confirm the nationalist rhetoric of
whether the elites in the United States are rarely reproduced in
everyday life and especially where a lot of practical concerns
take place. The research methodology will form the backbone of
the study because the method will determine the results.
The research is both methodological and theoretical since
the two sets of concern are mainly interconnected within
cultural research. The methodology will consider the way the
conceptions of the United States as a nation varies across the
national population. However, there is a concern for a
generation of a consistent typology for the nationalist beliefs
that are mapped within the thoughts of the concrete
communities. The study is required to address the limitations
for the dominant methods that are used in studying the
heterogeneity for the meaning of the nation. The study intends
to elicit interpretations from the respondents during the
interview or to even through ethnographic fieldwork through
observation of articulations of the meaning during the public
debates.
3.2 Research Design
The research design will ensure that the study is carried
out in two parts. Ideally, the first part will involve an in-depth
literature review of the existing literature to learn the things
other researchers have established as the resurgence of
nationalism within the United States. Besides, the literature

reviews for the past surveys that other researchers had carried
out are essential in developing the second part of the study.
Notably, the second part will be an unsigned online survey
designed to gather and analyze the opinions for the participants
and their thoughts on the resurgence of nationalism in the
United States. The research design will involve multiple choice
questions which will be designed in such a way that it is able to
gather information. Comment by Angela Parham: Did you
accomplish this in the Literature Review? Comment by
Angela Parham: This still is written as through you conducted a
surevey.
The qualitative questions are designed to collect any
suggestions that participants had without constraint with the
format or limit for the multiple-choice options offered in
quantitative design. The unit of analysis will be composed of
organizations with formal structures, key informants, and
groups of people within the United States. The focus of the
study is condition since the interest is on the current state for
the resurgence of nationalism within the United. The
appropriate time dimension is longitudinal but because of
limited time, the cross-sectional method will be applicable to
collect data in one time.
3.3 Research question
The research question is “what has caused the resurgence
of nationalism?” The research question has been designed in
such a way that the respondents are able to refine the issues and
even identify the appropriate sources that are likely to enable
them to respond to the research questions. The research
question will help in enhancing the research through its positive
effect on the existing body of knowledge relative to the subject.
The research question will include a follow up since the focus is
on nationalism and its role in the United States. Besides, the
follow-up question will help establish the extent of the
resurgence of nationalism within the United States.
3.4 Setting
The research respondents are solicited from a small

population. Ideally, the respondents will be solicited through
notifications such as the social networking sites. For example,
the emails and the notifications will explain the purpose of the
survey including a request for their responses and even offer a
link to the online survey. The survey is fully anonymous with
the exception of demographic information that has little or no
establishing information. As a result, there will be no any
identification of numbers assigned to survey links and even no
way of identifying those individuals who participated in the
survey. In other words, the study will be treated with a high
level of confidentiality.
3.5 Participants
The solicitation on social media such as Facebook will be
carried out as a status message through a request for the
“Facebook friends” to complete the survey through a link to the
survey location. There is an expectation of (5-10) % response
rate within the survey from the targeted three hundred
respondents. The age will vary from more than eighteen years to
more than eighty years of age and in diverse occupations and
with various education levels but geographically placed within
the United States. The respondents will be employed in diverse
occupations and located across the United States.
3.6 Data collection
A simple random sampling will be used on the targeted
study population of 300 and a sample size of 169 inclusive of
the men and women, youth and the aged. The limit of the
participants as the study population is because of the logistical,
financial, and time constraints. Purposive sampling and
specifically nonprobability sampling will be employed to obtain
in-depth information. Data from the participants will be
gathered through utilization of questionnaires, key informant
questions, and the survey questions. Besides, the participants
will be granted with both close-ended and open-ended questions
designed in such a way that it is able to capture both the
qualitative and quantitative data.
3.7 Data analysis

The data gathered through the ratio scale will be analyzed
using the descriptive statistics including the mean and the
mode. The mean function will be used to calculate the average
on the extent of the resurgence of nationalism within the United
States. The mode will be used to offer a reflection on the most
dominant form of the resurgence of nationalism within the
United States. Data entry will be done through the use of the
statistical package for social sciences and Microsoft excel while
the presentation for the quantitative data will be done using the
frequency tables, figures, plates, graphs, and the pie charts. On
the other hand, the qualitative data will be analyzed through the
creation of themes, categories, and patterns.
The questions will contain five choices for the responses
to the quantitative portion of the research. Every response will
be converted to values between one and five and the questions
will be assigned numbers for simplicity in the analysis. The
results of the research will then be placed within an excel
spreadsheet for studying and analysis. The results will be
calculated and put in tables where it will then be graphed. The
results will then be compared against the entire average and
even against other categories to create assumption concerning
the demographic subsets. The study will take into consideration
the number of all the respondents from every category when
taking into consideration the significance for the average of
every subset.
3.8 Conclusion
In conclusion, the methodology will be geared towards
allowing the researcher to establish an extensive understanding
of the extent of resurgence for nationalism within the United
States. The methodology will also attempt to offer the factors
that have led to the increase in the resurgence of nationalism
within the United States. The targeted population of 300
respondents will emerge from various economic and social-
cultural backgrounds. Therefore, the methodology will play a
great role in ensuring that an extensive understanding of the
extent of nationalism within the United States cuts across

various communities including the factors that result in their
cause. The methodology will cover the research design, research
question, setting, the participants, data collection, and the data
analysis.
The research methodology will include both methodological and
the theoretical approaches because the concerns are mainly
associated with the cultural research. The methodology will
consider the conceptions for the targeted area since the nation
varies across the national population. The study will be carried
out in two parts where the first part will involve a review for
the previous studies whereas the second part will include
unsigned online survey that will be designed in such a way that
it is able to gather and analyze the opinions for the participants
including their perception on the resurgence of nationalism
within the United States. In a nutshell, the research
methodology will play a great role towards ensuring that the
research question has been answered and offer options for areas
for future research.
CHAPTER FOUR: FINDINGS Comment by Angela Parham:
This entire section is based on the survey.
A new Ipsos/Reuters poll carried out in partnership with
Virginia Center University for politics revealed that there is a
considerably slight national endorsement for the white
supremacists and the neo-Nazis. Besides, there is a lot of
troubling extent for support of particular racially charged
attitudes and ideas that are frequently expressed with the
extremist groups (Sabato, 2017). Notably, the survey
established a backing to keep in place the Confederate
monuments where the elimination of which has emerged a
pressing button concern for the communities across the nation.
The survey results, as it is always the case, could be interpreted
in two varying ways.
On one hand, few individuals surveyed expressed some
direct backing for hate groups regardless of the events in
Charlottesville. On the other hand, it seems troubling for many
that a somehow insubstantial proportion for those polled

indicated indifference and neutrality or even worse articulated
support for the outdated views on race. The largest sample poll
that included close to 5360 questions and carried out between
21st of August to 5th September during the aftermath for the
neo-Nazi rallies and the counter-protest made on the Virginia
University grounds and within the downtown Charlottesville
between August 11th and 12th in Virginia. The respondents
were asked about whether or not they agreed with those
statements that asked whether the racial minorities or the white
people within the United States were under attack.
It was found that fourteen percent of the entire respondents
agreed with the statement that the white people are under attack
and also disagreed with the same statement that the non-whites
were under attack. Close to a third of the respondent translating
to 31 percent somewhat and strongly agreed that the country
requires preserving and protecting the heritage for the white
Europeans. Besides, another 34 percent of the respondents
somewhat and strongly disagreed with the statement whereas 29
percent neither disagreed nor agreed (Sabato, 2017). Nearly 50
years after the Supreme Court in the United States struck down
the prohibition on mixed-race marriages, nearly a sixth
translating to 16 percent of the respondents agreed with the
statement that marriage needs to be allowed between two
individuals but from the same race.
A further 14 percent are neither seen to disagree nor agree
with the statement whereas 4 percent indicated that they did not
know. In totality, nearly a third did not manage to express
tolerance for the interracial marriage. Nearly 17 percent among
the whites agreed with the statement that marriage needs to be
restricted to a similar race with 15 percent neither disagreeing
nor agreeing. It was slightly higher compared to the non-whites
where 15 percent agreed and 12 percent neither agreed nor
disagreed. Notably, in separate questions that asked whether or
to the extent the respondent backed the various ideologies, 6
percent of all the respondents indicated that they somewhat or
strongly backed the alt-right.

The respondents who supported the white nationalism were
8 percent while 4 percent expressed their support to the neo-
Nazism. Notably, for both the white nationalism and the alt-
right questions, the poll established that nearly a fifth of all the
respondents indicated that they neither opposed or supported the
movements or groups and perhaps revealed some further likely
additional support (Sabato, 2017). It should be recalled that the
adults in the United States are approximately 250 million.
Therefore, even the small percentages are possibly to represent
the beliefs for a lot of the Americans. The respondents on the
Confederate monuments were offered the choice for either
eliminating the Confederate monument from the entire public
areas of maintains them.
Three-fifths translating to 57 percent indicated that the
Confederate monuments ought to remain within the public
spaces whereas a quarter translating to 26 percent indicated that
they ought to be removed. Notably, 54 percent indicated that the
entire monuments need to be eliminated among the African
American respondents while 25 percent who seemed inclined to
maintain the monuments in place. The white strong varied with
nearly two-thirds translating to 67 percent indicating that they
should be maintained but only 19 percent favored the removal.
In essence, a plurality for most Democrats favored the removal
of the monuments which was 46 percent while the 38 percent
favored the monument to be marinated in place.
Approximately 51 percent of the respondents among those
who possessed the bachelor’s degree and beyond favored the
restoration of the monuments while 34 percent favored the
removal of the monuments. Some outcomes revealed that there
was broad acceptance for the racial equality. Therefore, seven
in every ten translating to 70 percent strongly agreed that
individuals from different races need to be free to live in
whichever place they desire and 70 percent agreed on all races
are the same with just 2 percent and 4 percent of the
respondents strongly disagreeing in that order (Sabato, 2017).
Nearly 89 percent which was a large percentage agreed that the

entire races need to be treated equally even as 11 percent
responded otherwise. It was found that 3 percent disagreed,
another 5 percent neither disagreed nor agreed, and another 3
percent indicated that did not know.
However, the rest of the findings presented a conflicting
opinion concerning whether and the type of the racial groups
that were likely to be under attack within the United States.
Nearly 39 percent of the respondents somewhat and strongly
agreed with the statement indicating that the white people were
currently under attack in the country whereas 38 percent
disagreed. The strong disagreement composed 28 percent that
ranked high compared to those who strongly agreed to translate
to 19 percent. Notably, 29 percent seemed to disagree with the
statement among the whites whereas 54 percent of the non-
whites disagreed. Furthermore, 21 percent among the partisans
who were Democrats agreed with the statement that indicated
that to some extent when compared to 63 percent of the
Republicans.
Equally, 59 percent of the Democrats disagreed which
translated to 47 percent whereas 17 percent of the Republicans
also disagreed. It was noted that nearly the same percentage for
the Republicans and the Democrats neither disagreed nor agreed
as 17 percent and 18 percent respectively. Another 55 percent
somewhat strongly agreed with the statement that indicated that
the racial minorities were currently under attack in the country
whereas 22 percent somewhat or strongly disagreed (Sabato,
2017). Similarly, 13 percent of the racial minorities appeared to
disagree with the statement whereas 27 percent of the whites as
well disagree with the statement. The poll also established
mixed views for the relative unfamiliarity and Black Lives
Matter with the Antifa when compared to the rest organization
and movement that the survey questioned about it.
Approximately a third of the respondents translating to 32
percent indicated their support for the Black Lives Matter
whereas an additional 24 percent revealed a middle stand of
either opposing or supporting. Approximately 62 percent of the

African Americans voiced their support for the group whereas
26 percent and 33 percent of the whites and the Hispanics
respectively also did the same. A plurality among the
respondents appeared to be against the Black Lives Matter.
Therefore, 37 percent strongly or somewhat opposed the
organization. In essence, the strongest core for those opposing
the group emerged from the whites with only 43 percent
opposing the issue of the Black Lives Matter.
There was an obvious partisan variation in opposition or in
support for the organization where 52 percent of the Democrats
seemed to support the Black Lives Matter and another 62
percent of the Republicans seemed to oppose it. It was found
that 8 percent indicated that they somewhat or strongly
supported Antifa whereas 33 percent strongly opposed the
Antifa while an additional 6 percent somewhat opposed with 39
percent opposing in totality (Sabato, 2017). There is a lot of
certainty concerning the Antifa compared to the alt-right group
that could have suggested a lack of familiarity with the group
itself or even with the group ideals if any. As a result, 32
percent responded that they did not know especially when they
were asked of whether they oppose or support to Antifa whereas
23 percent who indicated the same when questioned concerning
the alt-right.
An essential concern that the poll sought to assist in
clarifying was on whether there was a sizeable section within
the American public that was likely to appear receptive to the
kinds of messages that were being disseminated with those
groups that were associated with either the white supremacy or
the alt-right. It is only a small percentage that indicated they
did when they were asked on whether they supported the white
nationalism or the alt-right. Besides, it is only one-fifth of all
the respondents that indicated that they neither opposed nor
supported the movements or the groups. A sizable number of the
respondents that were selected in the poll neither disagreed nor
agreed with the option.
The middling responses appeared remarkable especially

given the fact that they do not know responses was still offered
and were available because of the controversial and racially
charged nature for some of the polled statements. For example,
it was found that an individual wished to express the lack of
knowledge or uncertainty. It was for this reason that the pollster
decided to assess the makeup for either disagreeing or agreeing
on respondents during the survey (Sabato, 2017). It was also
found that the profile for the respondents was not the same
where some of the most notable questions revealed a general
trend indicating that the respondents were most probably to
have views that were inclined to intolerance compared to being
aware from it.
The either disagree or agree respondents were found to be
far less probable to condemn the statements that were against
the interracial marriage and favored those who preserved the
white heritage. Additionally, the nor and the neither were found
to be less probably compared to the respondents who felt that
the entire races needed to be treated equally or even the
minorities who were under attack. In either case, it made the
viewpoints for the most congruous with anti-quality and the
extremist views compared to the most progressive views.
The far-right parties and the nationalists have made great
electoral gains across Europe. For instance, some of them have
assumed office while others have emerged the major voice for
the opposition while those yet to access political foothold have
compelled the centrist leaders to adapt. In other words, the
process could be viewed as a backlash against the establishment
of politics in the wake of the migrant and the financial crisis
(BBC, 2018). Nonetheless, the wave for discontent seems to tap
into long-lasting fears concerning the globalization and a
weakening of the national identity. There are some popular
themes including the Eurosceptic, anti-Islamic rhetoric, and the
hostility to immigration although the parties convoluted span
for a wide political spectrum.
It was also found that the inconclusive elections coupled
with months of uncertainty culminated within the two most

popularity parties which were the right wing league and the
anti-establishment five-star movements that formed the
coalition government in Italy. Therefore, its rise from the
political fringes emerged in a country that was strongly hit by
the financial crisis that occurred in 2008 and that later became
the major destination among the North African Immigrants. The
league that was in the past known as the Northern League
switched its focus from the early objective for creating a
distinct northern state to lead a nation that it once wished to
leave.
Germany developed only five years ago where the far right
alternative for Germany in 2017 entered the federal parliament
in the first time. From the start, the anti-euro party pushed for
severe anti-immigrant policies that later tapped in the anxieties
because of the Islam influence. The leaders were accused that
they restrained the Nazi atrocities. Austria especially the far-
right party in surrounding Austria has appreciated improved
success compared to the Alternative for Germany (BBC, 2018).
The migrant crisis was found just like in Germany as
fundamental to success and a great issue that they campaigned
on for long. There has been a lot of plan and proposals to seize
the immigrant’s phones since the election period.
It was also found that elsewhere in Europe, the
immigration rules particularly in Denmark was among the
toughest and mirrored the power of the Danish party. The
policies are authorized to seize the property of the migrants and
pay for their upkeep and have even pledged to enhance the
contraception help in the developing countries in order to limit
the pressures from the migrants. Besides, the elections that were
conducted in 2015, in England revealed that the right wing party
emerged second although the presidential election candidate
won with a small margin. In essence, the findings resonate with
the issue of the resurgence of nationalism as demonstrated in
the factual findings.

CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSION, DISCUSSION AND
SUGGESTIONS FOR FUTURE RESEARCH
5.1 Introduction
The study has demonstrated that nationalism cannot be
allowed to continue in its present trajectory. Consequently,
effective intervention measures have to be taken to address the
problem and create opportunities for a more inclusive version of
patriotism. The approach will play an instrumental role in
creating opportunities for a more effective expression of
political identity in the modern society.
5.2 Summary of Findings
The construction of a nation is a man-made endeavor
that has a consequential impact on how its people engage with
each other (Calhoun, 1998). As a result, nationalism is the
consequence of the inherent flaws in the philosophy of the
creators of the nation. For instance, the prevalence of
nationalism in the United States can be linked to the failure to
invite the participation of all groups in the task of imagining the
nation. The failure to engage women and minorities in the
creation of the United States though a response to the practical
realities during independence fed the notion that the United
States as a nation is synonymous with whites and their religion.
The rise of nationalism is also a consequence of the
nature of leadership that the society has. When faced by internal
divisions between the North and the South, President Abraham
Lincoln chose to respond by creating a shared vision which
embraced universalism in order to keep the United States. As a
result, leaders have the opportunity to meet emerging and
existing social, cultural and economic challenges by providing a
bold political vision, which embraces inclusive patriotism
(Joireman, 2003). The approach is essential in enabling the
society to harness the best parts of its values and to meet
common challenges with unity of purpose.
The findings of the study have highlighted the
consequential effects of exclusive nationalism in undermining

globalization and cooperation in the society. In effect, it is
evident that the resurgence of nationalism is a response to the
failure of globalization to create inclusive prosperity in the
modern society. The resurgence of nationalism has been
facilitated by the anxiety that people have over their future and
identity. Nationalism poses the threat of creating an unequal
system that may have a disruptive effect on the ability of the
society to achieve positive outcomes in its engagement with
each other. The causes of nationalism demonstrate that a
redefinition of the global economic system and the expansion of
opportunities to serve others would have a positive impact on
the empowerment and engagement of the people in creating
shared growth.
The study has demonstrated that everyone must take
responsibility for the resurgence of nationalism. The
observation is informed by the recognition of the role of poor
political leadership and the flawed economic system in
undermining the ability of members of the public to participate
in creating opportunities for growth. The inability of the
business and political leadership to implement effective
intervention measures may undermine the ability of the modern
global system to create opportunities for shared growth and
prosperity in the United States and around the world. In
particular, the 2008 global economic recession led to increased
anxiety among the young people that has reduced their support
for globalization. However, it is evident that support for
nationalism stems from the anxiety of the older people. In
particular, white uneducated American men are increasingly
anxious over the loss of their identity as their country becomes
more diversified with the rise of the Hispanic community set to
reduce their majority. Demographic changes are expected to
reduce the impact of nationalism in the national political
discourse. However, if the needs of all the stakeholders are not
addressed the international community faces the threat of an
insurgent nationalist movement as communities seek to rally to
champion for their causes. The resolution of the key drivers of

nationalism requires recognition of the inherent human need for
safety, recognition and security among the people. It is also an
important response to the rise of national issues in the
international community caused by the resurgence of competing
visions in the modern society.
5.3 Conclusions
The history of nationalist movements has demonstrated
that they lack staying power as the inherent human need for
connection and shared belonging and the realities of modern
society make isolation a temporary and unrewarding experience.
Its limited resources and urgent need for growth and
development necessitated the isolation of the United States.
However, once it became wealthy it realized looking inwards
shrinks its influence and undermines its interests (Serwer,
2017). The extremist expressions of nationalism during the Nazi
regime were also defeated by the united response of the
international community. As the world faces shared challenges
such as climate change and terrorism, the stability and
sustainability of individual states will be increasingly
dependent on the cooperation of others. Consequently, the
present nationalist movement will not last for long due to the
necessitates of the society.
The failure to win a supermajority in different countries
demonstrates that many people embrace universalism as
opposed to nationalism. As a result, an organized response to
nationalism is set to result in the resurgence of liberalism in the
near future. The narrow success of President Emmanuel Macron
demonstrates that nationalism is yet to appeal to a majority of
the society. In addition, the success of Trumpism is bound to be
limited by the resistance by people who recognize the futility in
erecting walls instead of building bridges to new opportunities
for the American people and citizens of the world. The painful
experience of Britain as it envisions increased autonomy outside
Europe has sounded a cautionary tale to many countries that a
retreat from the world stage is harmful to their interest. In
addition, the continued support for international trade

agreements represents recognition among many countries that
the individual success and prosperity of a nation is dependent
on cooperation with others.
The resurgence of nationalism has been enabled by the
inequality that has been enabled by globalization and
technological advancements. In addition, it has also been
enabled by the lack of engagement and respectful discourse
among conservatives and liberals. The partisanship in the
United States has undermined the ability of the government to
implement bold legislative reforms that are essential to the
progress of the society. Moreover, the institutionalization of
Citizens United Supreme Court ruling has enabled corporates to
exercise greater power in the governance process, undermining
the role of the common person. Furthermore, trade treaties and
security treaties have also reduced the autonomy of countries.
Consequently, addressing the problems that have led to the
resurgence of nationalism requires a re-imagining of democracy.
The moderate success of President Barack Obama in
championing inclusive patriotism demonstrates that one leader
cannot be effective in solving the governance dysfunction that
has fed nationalism. Instead, it is evident that elected and
business leaders must take the responsibility of addressing the
challenges that have caused a resurgence of nationalism. The
2008 global financial crisis reduced public confidence in the
government and the private sector. The vacuum in inspired
leadership for the people has contributed towards the rise of
nationalism in the modern society. As a result, it is imperative
for the society to implement effective intervention measures to
create opportunities for inclusive ownership of the challenges
and opportunities in the modern society.
Many people have failed to appreciate the importance of
a shared emotional bond and moral will in sustaining the
durability of a nation. In the modern society, polarization has
weakened the will of the people to engage with each as an
increasing number of things become sources of separation as
opposed to uniting factors. For instance, the Gulf War and the

war on terror has been the cause of division. In addition, the
rise of same-sex practices and their legalization has caused
division among liberals. Individualization has also led to the
weakening of the ties that bind communities together (Serwer,
2017). As a result, people have lost the unity of purpose that
enabled them to be connected together. The increased reduction
in the role of the common person in the decision-making
process has also caused many of them to become disconnected
from their government. Many elected leaders lack the close
connection with their communities and have a reduced role in
the decision-making process as strategic agreements shift power
to institutions such as the World Trade Union while the
centralization of authority has given the President and federal
agencies the ability to make policies that affect the everyday
lives of the people. In addition, the reduction of state power and
the low approval rating of Congress mean that people feel
disconnected from the authorities who make decisions, which
have an effect on their lives. Consequently, white nationalism
seems like an appealing response to earn their power back from
the institutions, which have taken it away from them.
In spite of the divisions, which seem to divide the United
States, it is evident that the country has the capacity for the
expression of inclusive patriotism among its people. It is
evident that the people recognize the inherent challenges in
failing to meet shared challenges with a unity of purpose. After
the September 11 attack, Americans across ethnic divides
shared a patriotic response to the act of terror in their
homeland. In addition, inclusive patriotism is evident every
time the country experiences mass shooting or natural disasters.
As a result, it is evident that the people have the capacity to
embrace inclusive patriotism. The election of President Obama
relied on a coalition of different ethnic groups. However, his
poor performance among white uneducated men in both the
2008 and 2008 and their support for ultra-nationalist ideas
demonstrate that the biggest constituency for the nationalist
movement is white uneducated men who feel that they are being

left behind by a changing social and economic environment.
The study has demonstrated that the lack of empathy with
the concerns of the minority groups in the society may have an
adverse effect on the ability of the modern states to create
inclusive patriotism. The failure to understand the anxiety of
the people who are advocating for exclusive patriotism means
that many people are seeking to resolve the issue of nationalism
with a clear understanding of what will be required to earn the
confidence and support of all the participants. The
institutionalization of inclusive patriotism will require an
appeal to the shared values that bind the United States with
other nations as they sought to meet shared threats and take
advantage of emerging opportunities. However, the rise of
corporate power in the modern business environment has
undermined the ability of members of the society to achieve
their goals.
The challenges in addressing the problem of nationalism
can be linked to the confluence of multiple cultural, social,
economic and political issues that cause the opposition to
inclusive patriotism. In particular, the participation of racist
groups has undermined the image of nationalists in the modern
society.
5.4 Discussion
The breakdown of the family unit, being the basic
social unit, has a direct impact on the resurgence of
nationalism. The family is the primary provider of identity for
members of the society. In the face of broken or weakened
family ties, many people look to their nation to provide the
sense of identity, which they need to achieve a holistic
experience. However, their search for shared identity is limited
to people who look like them, have the same social-cultural
background, beliefs and aspirations. Their search for identity
fails to account for the multiethnic nature of the modern state.
As a result, they are disillusioned by the immigrants, LGBTQ
and minority racial groups that have formed their nation
(Sabato, 2017). The failure to identify with these groups causes

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