What is the importance of SHM only occurring in B cells and not in g.pdf

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What is the importance of SHM only occurring in B cells and not in germ cells? Solution somatic hypermutation (SHM) is a mechanism which causes mutation in the variable region of B cells, it causes diversification in the B cell receptor so that the affinity of binding of variable region with the antigen is increased.Unlike germ line mutation it affects only individuals immune cells and doesn\'t passes to the offspring.These mutation mostly takes place at the hypervariable region of the DNA..

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Abstract Algebra problem - Please show your work clearly! If we are .pdf

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What makes a plasmid a conjugative plasmid What makes a plasmid a conjugative plasmid Solution A plasmid becomes a conjugative plasmid when it contains plasmids that are capable of transferring themselves to the other bacteria. F plasmid is an example of a conjugative plasmid where the male cell or the F+ cell that has the plasmid will replicate itself and transfer it to a F- or a female cell by the means of a pilus which is a long hollow tube that physically connects the two bacterial cells..

What makes a plasmid a conjugative plasmid What makes a plasmid.pdf

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Why is the ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenner\'s Ecological Model) important in the study of risk and resilience? Describe briefly why this model is important for the study of risk and resilience. List one example of a protective factor and one example of a risk factor, and identify whether factors you listed represent the individual, microsystem or macrosystem level. Solution The ecological systems theory proposed by Urie Bronfenbrenner , an famus American psychologist suggets that the development of humans is dependent on several environmental systems.These systems are classified into the micro, meso,exo,macro and the chronosystems. The development of a child is much influenced by all these systems with which the child interacts and leads to the development of the personolity of the child. The micro system refers to the direct environment to which the child interacts to its day to day affairs and includes family, day care , peers , school and the relationship.supprotive and nurturing environment will influence a positive development of the child. The reactionof the child to its micro environment influences how the child is treated at this level. In a given microsystem the development of two siblings is almost identical but each one may experience different environment in the same ecosystem.The mesossytem refers to the individuals within the micro environment like the interaction of the parents with the teachers , friends and other social interactions and bring about positive development if such interactions are encouraged by the parents of the child on the other hand if thee is criticism of the individuals in the environment with which the chilkd reacts it may develop negative attitude and may even lead to withdrawal symptoms in the child from the social group..

Why is the ecological systems theory (Bronfenbrenners Ecological M.pdf

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20. a. R2 is a two-dimensional subspace of R3. b. The number of varia.pdf

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What is the purpose by using different analytical tools to measure the financial statement? Solution The investor community or the small business owners use the different analytical tools like Financial Ratios, Horizontal analysis, Vertical analysis and Trend percentage analysis, to measure / explore the financial statement of their or competitors financial statement. The main purpose of using these different analytical tools is to evaluate the target company\'s financial information for the purpose of investing in the target companies. The analytical tools examines the past and current financial statements like balance sheets, income statements and cash flow statements and expresses their opinions to the potential investors, who on their behalf forms opinions about investment in company\'s present and future expected performance. Such \"Financial Analysis\" done also guide small-business owners to weigh the effective-ness of their business and decisions taken in that regard. ==========================.

What is the purpose by using different analytical tools to measure t.pdf

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What is Canada\'s comparative advantage aside from transportation and road infrastructures.. Solution Comparative advantage is used with reference to trade activities with other nations. Comparative advantage refers to those products and services that are produced at lower opportunity cost. With reference it, country mentioned in the question holds comparative advantage in mineral products and agricultural products. It happens possibly due to the vast availability of natural resources in the country..

What is Canadas comparative advantage aside from transportation an.pdf

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What are electron carriers and what do they do? Provide specific examples and explain where and how they are used in metabolism. Solution Electron carriers are the molecules which are capable of accepting one or two electrons from one molecule and then donating to the other in the process of electron transport. As the transferring of electrons occurs from one carrier to other, their energy level decreases and release of energy occurs. Ex. Cytochromes, quinones,, NADH, FADH2. The role of NADH and FADH2 is to donate electrons to the electron transport chain. During the electron transport chain both NADH and FADH2 donate electronsto create water by providing a hydrogen molecule to an oxygen molecule to form water. During both the glycolysis and Kreb cycles NADH is formed as a product. FADH2 is only produced in Krebs cycle. During the electron transport chain, NADH become NAD+ and the H get transported across the membrane. Thus in the transport chain electrons reduced from NAD+ are utilised. Similar thing happens to FADH2 as well. FADH2 becomes FAD+ and the H\'s are transported across the membrane. These hydrogens that were released by ATP synthase utilises the hydrogens released by NAD+ and FAD + to form ATP by placing back hydrogen molecules across the membrane..

What are electron carriers and what do they do Provide specific exa.pdf

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Using my study in Health Care Administration, give examples of a variable that would be considered a discrete random variable AND another that would be considered a continuous random variable. Which probability distribution would be most appropriate for each variable? Solution Discrete random variable : Number of patients visiting each day. Bernauli\'s distribution Continuous random variable: Temperature of Room. Gaussian Distribution.

Using my study in Health Care Administration, give examples of a var.pdf

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A linear system is always time-invariant.SolutionNo its false. .pdf

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This chapter is quite a different read from the balance of the book. I think it is a pleasant way to end this 2nd edition. Shubert tackles a discussion I know I have had my my colleagues many times, namely, the value of social networking at work. Shubert writes (288): \"It is the delivery of technology and capability to business and society that lies at the heart of the dilemma for CIOs and CTOs today; Businesses want and need access to networks (electronic communities) to reach... their current and potential customers. Businesses are concerned that access to these same networks by their employees could pose a security or competitive risk... .\" The ability to spill one\'s guts then used to be isolated to the bar; now you can do so at every opportunity. It is true that some employees are addicted to staying in touch, and Facebook is the rage. I would hazard the guess that these same slackers are IM\'ing their friends or on the phone yacking it up with momma. I don\'t think Facebook or for that matter Smart phones have made people more secure in their social networks. There is simply a pathology that manifests itself when the conditions are ripe. Excuse me. I see some practical marketing uses for product simulation, touring the plant, getting to know folks; Second Life has shown itself to be useful in a variety of settings, even organizational development where you want everyone to get together anonymously. But the part of the chapter that intrigues me the most is the discussion on democratization and socialization of information. Has the boundary between expert and amateur blurred? My answer to this would be yes, if all the experts agree but the amateurs do not. For many of the problems facing the corporation, crowdsourcing probably works as well as formal expertise. Given sufficient monkeys, sufficient time, Shakespeare. Any of you who have had to endure the vendor pitch knows that truth is relative to the need for profit. So we come to the a practical discussion of the role of the CIO in moderating access to social media, framing what stands as truth in the information world of the corporation, and the extent to which the explosion of personal authority on the Internet has diminished our ability to sort out truth from hyperbole. Solution Over the past years, networks that is, communications, computational, data, and business networks have become an increasingly developed important part of our professional lives. Over just the past ten years they have become critical as they have woven themselves into the fabric of our day-to-day lives of magnitude as have corporate and personal bandwidth access needs, but the cost of using this bandwidth has also diminished significantly.communications have changed significantly over this same period—from use of \"land lines\" to cell phones, where nearly anyone can own a telephone number of their choosing that permanently belongs to the them, regardless of where they live. The explosion of voice communicat.

This chapter is quite a different read from the balance of the book..pdf

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The ventral rami of the spinal nerves course between which muscle la.pdf

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The disease phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessively inherited disease. Mutations are found in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase. Which is most likely true of these mutations? They have low penetrance. They are loss-of-function mutations. They are gain-of-function mutations. They arise from a trinucleotide repeat expansion. Solution And: phenylketonuria urea is an example of loss of function mutation due to the mutation in phenylalanine hydroxylase there by phenylalanine accumulated in the body..

The disease phenylketonuria is an autosomal recessively inherited dis.pdf

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The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a procedure for testing the hypothesis that.. A. There is no variation between several samples. B. Several populations all have the same mean. C. Several populations all have the same standard deviation. D. All of the above. Solution The null hypothesis for ANOVA is that there is the same mean for all the conditions. Hence, B. Several populations all have the same mean. [ANSWER].

The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a procedure for testing the hypo.pdf

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T-helper cells are considered the key to Our Kinmen system because they can attach to every type of receptors True False A leukocyte can be compared to an amoeba because of its mobility capacities True False Choose among the following lift, the disease that not considered autoimmune glomerulonephritis myasthenia gravis rheumatoid arthritis Solution 39. False Explanation- The T cells circulate throughout the body to scan for antigens that have combined with MHC or Major Histocompatibility Complex..

T-helper cells are considered the key to Our Kinmen system because th.pdf

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Revolution in Egypt closing case With 83 million people, Egypt is the most populous Arab state. On the face of it, Egypt made significant economic progress during the 2000s. In 2004, the government of Hosni Mubarak enacted a series of economic reforms that included trade liberalization, cuts in import tariffs, tax cuts, deregulation, and changes in investment regulations that allowed for more foreign direct investment in the Egyptian economy. As a consequence, economic growth, which had been in the 2 to 4 percent range during the early 2000s, accelerated to around 7 percent a year. Exports almost tripled, from $9 billion in 2004 to more than $25 billion by 2010. Foreign direct investment increased from $4 billion in 2004 to $11 billion in 2008, while unemployment fell from 11 percent to 8 percent. By 2008, Egypt seemed to be displaying many of the features of other emerging economies. On Cairo\'s outskirts, clusters of construction cranes could be seen where gleaming new offices were being built for companies such as Microsoft, Oracle, and Vodafone. Highways were being constructed, hypermarkets were opening their doors, and sales of private cars quadrupled between 2004 and 2008. Things seemed to be improving. But appearances can be deceiving. Underneath the surface, Egypt had major economic and political problems. Inflation, long a concern, remained high at 12.8 percent. As the global economic crisis took hold in 2008–2009, Egypt saw many of its growth drivers slow. In 2008, tourism brought some $11 billion into the country, accounting for 8.5 percent of gross domestic product, but it fell sharply in 2009 and 2010. Remittances from Egyptian expatriates working overseas, which amounted to $8.5 billion in 2008, declined sharply as construction projects in the Gulf, where many of them worked, were cut back or shut down. Earnings from the Suez Canal, which stood at $5.2 billion in 2008, declined by 25 percent in 2009 as the volume of world shipping slumped in the wake of the global economic slowdown. Moreover, Egypt remained a country with a tremendous gap between the rich and the poor. Some 44 percent of Egyptians are classified as poor or extremely poor; the average wage is less than $100 a month. Some 2.6 million people are so destitute that their entire income cannot cover their basic food needs. The gap between rich and poor, when coupled with a sharp economic slowdown, became a toxic mix. Nominally a stable democracy with a secular government, Egypt was, in fact, an autocratic state. By 2011, President Hosni Mubarak had been in power for more than a quarter of a century. The government was highly corrupt. Mubarak and his family reportedly amassed personal fortunes amounting to billions of U.S. dollars, most of which were banked outside Egypt. Although elections were held, they were hardly free and fair. Opposition parties were kept in check by constant police harassment, their leaders often jailed on trumped-up charges. Given all of this, i.

Revolution in Egypt closing caseWith 83 million people, Egypt is t.pdf

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Part 1/10 The orientation of each tetrad at the spindle equator is Multiple Choice maternally controlled. paternally controlled. dependent on the number of tetrads. random. Part 2/10 The number of possible chromosomal orientations during metaphase I is equal to the number of chromosome pairs raised to the 2nd power. True/Fale Part 3/10 Mutations in proto-oncogenes are examples of recessive mutations because it requires both proto-oncogenes to be mutated in order for the mutation to be physically expressed. True/Fale Part 4/10 Because mutations in proto-oncogenes are those that allow the cell to gain a new function, they are often referred to as All of the answer choices are correct. dominant mutations. \"gain of function\" mutations. \"nouveau\" oncogenes. Part 5/10 Select from the following list of statements all of the ways in which meiosis II differs from meiosis I. Check All That Apply Interkinesis doesn\'t involve the replication of chromosomes, whereas interphase does. Crossing-over doesn\'t occur in prophase II, whereas it does in prophase I. Cells in meiosis II are haploid and cells in meiosis I are diploid. Sister chromatids separate in anaphase II, whereas homologous chromosomes separate in anaphase I. Part 6/10 At the end of meiosis II, there are two haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid. two haploid cells, with each chromosome containing two sister chromatids. four diploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid. four haploid cells, with each chromosome consisting of a single chromatid. four haploid cells, with each chromosome containing two sister chromatids. Part 7/10 A eukaryotic cell that receives a \"go-ahead\" signal at the G1 checkpoint of the cell cycle will move directly into the M phase. enter a resting stage. move directly into the G2 phase. stop growing. complete the cycle and divide. Part 8/10 After cytokinesis, the cell enters the G1 phase. True/Fale Part 9/10 Crossing-over occurs during prophase I of meiosis. True/Fale Part 10/10 Crossing-over has no effect on the genetic makeup of the resulting gametes. True/Fale Solution Part 1/10 The orientation of each tetrad at the spindle equator is maternally controlled. paternally controlled. dependent on the number of tetrads. random. Correct option: Random. The orientation of tetrad at the spindle equator is random, that is, the maternal chromosome of a tetrad can randomly be oriented towards any of the two poles. This is true for paternal chromosomes, too. Therefore, a resultant gamete inherits some chromosomes from mother and some from father. Part 2/10 The number of possible chromosomal orientations during metaphase I is equal to the number of chromosome pairs raised to the 2nd power. True/Fale Correct option: False. For example, a cell has 2 tetrads (= 2 pair of chromosomes) at metaphase I. No. of possible orientations = (2)n where, n = number of tetrads or chromosome pairs. Part 3/10 Mutations in proto-oncogenes are .

Part 110The orientation of each tetrad at the spindle equator is.pdf

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1. Why was the appearance of a single white-eyed fly so important to Thomas Morgan and his lab? (Multiple Answer: Choose all that are correct) They were able to show that genes are located on chromosomes thus supporting Mendelian genetics. It enabled them to demonstrate sex-linkage It enabled them to show how wing mutations arise in flies. D. It helped them in illustrating that sex cells are indeed diploid in flies 2. Choose all of the following that are true of the Hersey-Chase Blender Experiment: It utilized radioactively labelled phages in which the DNA was labelled with 35S and the protein coat was labelled with 32P It utilized radioactively labelled phages in which the DNA was labelled with 32P and the protein coat was labelled with 35S It showed that DNA is composed of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine It offered definitive proof that DNA is the molecule of heredity 3. Which of the following is true (Multiple Answer: Choose all that apply): Beadle and Tatum used the model organism Neurospora to map out the biochemical pathway for the biosynthesis of lysine Beadle and Tatum used the model organism Neurospora to map out the biochemical pathway for the biosynthesis of arginine The work of Beadle and Tatum supported the ‘one gene/one enzyme’ hypothesis D. Beadle and Tatum used the R-strain to create damaged metabolic pathways 4. Watson & Crick along with Maurice Wilkins and Rosiland Franklin. (Choose all that apply) Solved the molecular structure of DNA Discovered DNA Determined that DNA is where our genes are located D. Showed that traits are found on chromosome. 5. Cell theory was advanced by (Choose all that apply): Linus Pauling Theodor Schwann Matthias Schleiden William HarveyA. They were able to show that genes are located on chromosomes thus supporting Mendelian genetics.B. It enabled them to demonstrate sex-linkageC. It enabled them to show how wing mutations arise in flies. D. It helped them in illustrating that sex cells are indeed diploid in flies 2. Choose all of the following that are true of the Hersey-Chase Blender Experiment:A. It utilized radioactively labelled phages in which the DNA was labelled with 35S and the protein coat was labelled with 32PB. It utilized radioactively labelled phages in which the DNA was labelled with 32P and the protein coat was labelled with 35SC. It showed that DNA is composed of Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and ThymineD. It offered definitive proof that DNA is the molecule of heredity Solution 5) the answer are (B & C) cell theory was given by two scientists and they were Theodor Schwan & Matthias Schleiden.. They both stated that it consists of double layer phospholipids membrane.. 4) Watson and Crick discovered DNA & Rosalind Franklin determined the structure of the dsDNA by X-rays crystallography..!! (A& B) 2) Hershey and Chase experiment they radio labeled the DNA with 32P and protein with 32S as DNA contains Phosphorus and protein contains Sulphur.. It offered the definite proof that D.

1. Why was the appearance of a single white-eyed fly so important to.pdf

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Match the following term to its correct definition palisade parenchyma bundle sheath leaf trace petiole spongy parenchyma leaf loosely packed cells on the underside of a leaf with large intercellular spaces for gas exchange a layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue that are responsible for both nutrient loading and providing structure a structure that subtends an axillary bud columnar, closely-packed chlorenchyma cells on the upper surface of the leaf; primary photosynthetic tissue of most plants. a stalk the point at which stem vascular bundles branch before entering the leaf - A. B. C. D. E. F. palisade parenchyma - A. B. C. D. E. F. bundle sheath - A. B. C. D. E. F. leaf trace - A. B. C. D. E. F. petiole - A. B. C. D. E. F. spongy parenchyma - A. B. C. D. E. F. leafA. loosely packed cells on the underside of a leaf with large intercellular spaces for gas exchangeB. a layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue that are responsible for both nutrient loading and providing structureC. a structure that subtends an axillary budD. columnar, closely-packed chlorenchyma cells on the upper surface of the leaf; primary photosynthetic tissue of most plants.E. a stalkF. the point at which stem vascular bundles branch before entering the leaf Solution Answer: 1. Palisade parenchyma----D. columnar, closely-packed chlorenchyma cells on the upper surface of the leaf; primary photosynthetic tissue of most plants. 2. bundle sheath---B. a layer of cells surrounding the vascular tissue that are responsible for both nutrient loading and providing structure 3. Leaf trace----F. the point at which stem vascular bundles branch before entering the leaf 4. Petiole---E. a stalk 5. spongy parenchyma----A. loosely packed cells on the underside of a leaf with large intercellular spaces for gas exchange 6. leaf---C. a structure that subtends an axillary bud.

Match the following term to its correct definitionpalisade parench.pdf

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Lori owed some shares of stock in the Peterson company. She recently bought more shares and now she has a total of 1 1/2 times as many shares as she originally owned. Her shares are worth 20$ each and their total worth is $6,000.00. How many shares of stock did Lori originally own? Lori owed some shares of stock in the Peterson company. She recently bought more shares and now she has a total of 1 1/2 times as many shares as she originally owned. Her shares are worth 20$ each and their total worth is $6,000.00. How many shares of stock did Lori originally own? Solution Lets assume there were x shares After buying new shares she has 1.5x shares each share price = 20$ So, total worth = 20*1.5x 30x = 6000.00 x = 2000 shares She had originally 2000 shares.

Lori owed some shares of stock in the Peterson company. She recen.pdf

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Kuhn hoped to explain how science is actually conducted, while most other philosophers of science try to determine how a scientific search for truth ought to be conducted. If Kuhn\'s picture is very different from that of a philosopher of science of the latter sort, does one or the other have to be wrong? Why or why not? Solution No. it does not. Both may be be valid at the same time. In fact both can be complementary to each other. Kuhn tries to explain how science is presently conducted. He tries to explain the methods by which scientific research is carried on. But other philosophers of science give their perspective on how the methods need to be conducted. So, in essence, Kuhn gives the current status of the scientific methodology whereas other philosophers give their opinion on how they can be conducted. To complement Kuhn, the points from other philosophers can be useful to improve the scientific methods..

Kuhn hoped to explain how science is actually conducted, while most .pdf

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