398.лексико грамматические тесты по английскому языку

ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ АГЕНТСТВО ПО ОБРАЗОВАНИЮ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ
УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ
ВЫСШЕГО ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ
УНИВЕРСИТЕТ»
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕСТЫ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Часть I
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Л.Н. Титова,
К.Ю. Должикова,
Л.Г. Юницкая
Издательско-полиграфический центр
Воронежского государственного университета
2009
Copyright ОАО «ЦКБ «БИБКОМ» & ООО «Aгентство Kнига-Cервис»

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Утверждено научно-методическим советом геологического факультета
20 ноября 2008 г., протокол № 1
Рецензент канд. филол. наук, доц. Н.И. Чернова
Учебно-методическое пособие подготовлено на кафедре английского языка
естественно-научных факультетов факультета РГФ Воронежского государ-
ственного университета.
Рекомендуется для студентов 1 курса очной формы обучения геологического
факультета.
Для специальности 020301 – Геология

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TEST I
UNIT I
GEOLOGY AND THE EARTH
I. Give Russian equivalents.
Physical and chemical changes; Earth’s surface; common minerals; composition
of rocks and minerals; driving forces; volcanic eruptions; erosion and weathering
of continents; carbon dioxide; surface temperature; atmospheric pressure; past
life of the Earth; formation of the solar system; the most abundant elements;
gravitational attraction; extremely high pressure.
II. Give English equivalents.
Расстояние; поверхность земли; выходить на поверхность; происхождение
пород; свойства и состав минералов; природный газ; натуральные ресурсы;
внутренние и поверхностные процессы; выветривание и эрозия; климат;
континенты; геологическая шкала времени; вулканические извержения.
III. Match the words from “a” and “b” to make word combinations.
a) internal; a mixture of; physical and chemical; fossil; living; the shock;
terrestrial; a thin surface; a homogeneous; a sequence of;
b) changes; fuels; veneer; planet; processes; gases; events; organisms; wave;
planets.
IV. Complete the sentences.
1. Processes that originate deep in the Earth’s interior are called . . . .
2. . . . includes water in streams, wetlands, lakes and oceans.
3. Paleontologists are geologists who study . . . by examining fossils and
evidence preserved in rock and sediment.
4. Most of the Earth is composed of . . . .
5. Rocks, in turn, are composed of . . . .
6. Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars are called . . . .
7. . . . is a thin surface veneer, also composed of rock.
8. This growth continued until a number of small rocky spheres, called . . . ,
formed.
(rocks; the hydrosphere; terrestrial planets; the evolution and history of life; the
crust; minerals; internal processes; planetesimal)
V. Use the words in brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
1. These are the driving forces that raise mountains, cause earthquakes and
produce volcanic . . . . (erupt)

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2. But the . . . continues. (erode)
3. . . . processes form the ocean basins and alter their size and shape. (geology)
4. The atmosphere is a . . . of gases, mostly nitrogen and oxygen. (mix)
5. . . . will never be able to describe the sequence of events with certainty.
(science)
6. Earth temperature and pressure increase . . . with depth. (gradual)
7. . . . seek to understand these processes. (geology)
VI. Do the test. Only one variant is possible.
1. She . . . late again.
a) am; b) was; c) is.
2. We . . . interested in classical music.
a) do; b) are; c) is.
3. The weather . . . terrible yesterday.
a) is; b) am; c) was.
4. My working day . . . at seven o’clock.
a) begin; b) begins; c) begun.
5. For breakfast I usually . . . two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea.
a) has; b) had; c) have.
6. After breakfast she always . . . to school.
a) went; b) goes; c) go.
7. The bags . . . to the post office every day.
a) is taken; b) took; c) are taken.
8. Hockey . . . in winter.
a) are played; b) is played; c) played.
9. A lot of houses . . . in our town every year.
a) are built; b) is built; c) builds.
VII. Put all types of questions to the sentence.
Geologists also explore the Earth for the resources needed in our technological
world.
VIII. Read the text.
Scientists describe the Earth’s composition as follows. The Earth we live
on is a rocky slightly bulged at the poles Globe with the radius of 6372 km. The
outer shell called the crust comprises only 0.6 % of the planet’s volume. The
crust with the thickness ranging form 5 to 35 km, is separated from the mantle by
a sharp boundary, known as the Moho surface. This layer occurs at the depth of
2900 km and occupies up to 82 % of the Earth’s volume. Apparently, the mantle
consists of three zones: the upper layer with the depth of about 370 km, the
intermediate layer with the depth of approximately 600 km and the lower one, it’s

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thickness being 1900 km. The innermost layer, the core, is composed mainly of
liquid iron and nickel. It is the core that generates magnetic filed of the Earth.
Are the following statements true or false?
1. The mantle occupies up to 0.6 % of the Earth’s volume.
2. The Earth consists of three layers.
3. The uppermost layer of the Earth is called the mantle.
4. The crust generates magnetic field of the Earth.
IX. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Геология изучает землю, ее происхождение, историю, эволюцию и про-
цессы, которые ее формируют.
2. Aтмосфера состоит из азота и кислорода.
3. Внутренние процессы образуют горы, вызывают землетрясения и вулка-
нические извержения.
TEST II
UNIT II
MINERALS
Chemical composition and a crystalline structure; positively charged protons;
uncharged neutrons; equal number of protons and electrons; to occur naturally in
the Earth’s crust; common accessory minerals; ore minerals; nearly pure calcite;
to link together.
Неорганическое твердое вещество; синтетический алмаз; органические ве-
щества; положительный и отрицательный заряды; породообразующие ми-
нералы; кристаллическая структура; акцессорные минералы; драгоценные и
полудрагоценные камни; физические свойства; связь; соединение.
a) inorganic; chemical; a synthetic; chemically; the fundamental component of;
crystalline; nearly pure; the raw; properties of; to be formed by;
b) minerals; natural processes; diamond; bonded to; solid; composition; matter;
structures; calcite; material.

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1. A true mineral must form by . . . .
2. Limestone is commonly composed of the shells of . . . .
3. An atom consists of a small, dense, positively charged center called . . .
surrounded by negatively charged . . . .
4. A mineral is a naturally occurring . . . with a characteristic . . . and a
crystalline structure.
5. The forces that hold atoms and ions together to form compounds are called . . . .
6. As a result, only nine . . . make up most rocks of the Earth’s crust.
7. . . . are minerals that are common but usually are found only in small
amounts.
8. Many . . . are made up of nearly pure calcite.
(inorganic solid; limestone; chemical bonds; natural processes; electrons; dead
corals, clams and similar marine organisms; chemical composition; a nucleus;
rock-forming minerals; accessory minerals)
V. Use the word in brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
1. A true mineral must form by . . . processes. (nature)
2. . . . compounds do not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds. (organic)
3. The two largest particles are positively charged protons and . . . neutrons.
(charged)
4. An atom consists of a small, dense, . . . charged center called a nucleus
surrounded by . . . charged electrons. (positive, negative)
5. The eight abundant elements . . . combine in only a few ways. (common)
6. Only a small number of minerals are important because they are common or . . . .
(value)
1. Her brother . . . at her yesterday.
a) shouted; b) shouts; c) is shouting.
2. Mrs Smith . . . in the kitchen two days ago.
a) works; b) is; c) worked.
3. Mr and Mrs Smith . . . very well last night.
a) rests; b) rested; c) was.
4. His wife . . . plants in the garden last Sunday.
a) will water; b) waters; c) watered.
5. Last Tuesday I . . . at half past six.
a) gets up; b) got up; c) is getting up.
6. She . . . school last year.
a) finished; b) finishes; c) is finished.

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7. He . . . a new suit yesterday.
a) wears; b) worn; c) wore.
8. Yesterday I . . . not talk to them.
a) does; b) do; c) did.
VII. Put all types of questions to the sentence.
The 88 elements occur naturally in the Earth’s crust.
About 20 elements occur naturally in their native states as minerals. Fewer
than ten, however, are common enough to be of economic importance. Gold,
silver, platinum, and copper are all mined in their pure forms. Iron is rarely found
in its native state in the Earth’s crust, but metallic iron is common in certain types
of meteorites. Native iron and nickel are thought to comprise most of the Earth’s
core. Native sulfur, used to manufacture sulfuric acid, insecticides, fertilizer, and
rubber, is mined form volcanic craters, where it is deposited from gases
emanating from the vents.
1. More than 20 elements are of economic importance.
2. Iron is common in its native state in the Earth’s crust.
3. Native sulfur is mined from underground reservoirs.
1. Каждый минерал отличается от других химическим составом и кристал-
лической решеткой.
2. Породообразующие минералы являются самыми распространенными
минералами на земле.
3. Некоторые породы состоят из одного минерала, а другие состоят из двух
или пяти распространенных минералов.
TEST III
UNIT III
IGNEOUS ROCKS
To ascend; basement; to descend; to remain; ridge; solid; to saturate; to solidify;
to subduct; fine-grained; underlying; tectonic environments; to generate magma;
to melt; resistant to weathering; mantle plumes; large-scale melting; surrounding
rocks.

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Повышающаяся температура; падающее давление; добавление воды; точка
плавления; сухие породы; зона субдукции; центр спрединга; горные цепи;
рыхлый осадок; образование магмы; распространенные элементы; тектони-
ческие плиты; океаническая кора.
a) mid-oceanic; tectonic; to prevent rocks from; volcanic; to solidify; medium
and coarse; pressure-release; to be covered by;
b) environments; eruption; expanding; ridge; grained; within the crust; melting;
oceanic crust.
1. Melting caused by decreasing pressure is called . . . .
2. . . . is a volcanically active place at the Earth’s surface directly above a
mantle plume.
3. . . . of a rock refers to the size, shape, and arrangement of its mineral grains,
or crystals.
4. . . . is the plutonic counterpart of basalt, it is mineralogically identical but
consists of larger crystals.
5. Rocks that make up the foundation of a continent are called . . . .
(basement rocks; a hot spot; pressure-release melting; gabbro; the texture)
V. Which of the following words are:
1. Nouns: a) solid; b) solidify; c) solidification; d) solidified.
2. Participle II: a) round; b) surrounded; c) surrounding; d) surround.
3. Adverb: a) origin; b) originally; c) originate; d) original.
4. Participle I: a) melt; b) melted; c) molten; d) melting.
1. Rock is much . . . in the mantle than in the crust.
a) hot; b) hottest; c) the hottest.
2. Pluto is . . . planet in the Solar System.
a) small; b) smaller; c) the smallest.
3. The rock-forming minerals are . . . than accessory minerals.
a) important; b) more important; c) the most important.
4. Density of a crust is . . . than density of a mantle.
a) lower; b) more low; c) the lowest.

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5. Observations . . . that a wet rock generally melts at a lower temperature than
an otherwise identical dry rock.
a) showed; b) have shown; c) have been shown.
6. Earth history . . . into units displayed in the geologic time scale.
a) divided; b) had been divided; c) has been divided.
7. Oceanographers examine the see water, ocean floor, submarine currents, but
the world ocean . . . yet.
a) was not studied; b) will not study; c) has not been studied.
8. Tectonic forces . . . rocks at the base and sides of a glacier.
a) fractures; b) is fractured; c) have fractured.
VII. Make up questions beginning with the words in brackets.
1. Igneous rocks have crystallized from solidified magma. (What rocks?)
2. The mountain belts are the zones of major deformation. (Are?)
3. Intrusive rocks have been formed by cooling rocks of the Earth’s crust. (By
what process?)
Geologists group rocks into three categories on the basis of how they form:
igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.
Under certain conditions, rocks of the upper mantle and lower crust melt,
forming a hot liquid called magma. An igneous rock forms when magma
solidifies. About 95 percent of the Earth’s crust consists of igneous rock and
metamorphosed igneous rock. Although much of this igneous foundation is
buried by a relatively this layer of sedimentary rock, igneous rocks are
conspicuous because they make up some of the world’s most spectacular
mountains. Granite and basalt are two common and familiar igneous rocks.
1. Sedimentary rocks form when magma solidifies.
2. About 95 percent of the Earth’s crust consists of sedimentary rocks.
3. Geologists group rocks into three categories on the basis of their mode of
occurrence: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.
4. Magma forms in the result of upper mantle melting.
1. Магматические горные породы образуются из расплавленного материала.
2. Магма, застывшая на поверхности после извержения, образует вулкани-
ческие породы.
3. Когда магма остывает, затвердевает и кристаллизуется, ее состав меняется.

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TEST IV
UNIT IV
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
To bury; to precipitate; to retain; viscosity; the rounded cobbles; to be well
sorted; to be filled with water; angular; rounded particles; to empty into the
ocean; to prevent the particles from abrading each other; freshly deposited.
Обломочный; испаряться; рыхлый; отлого опускаться; материнская порода;
выветренные породы; проточная вода; устойчивость частиц; зависеть от
размера, формы и сортности частиц; обращать несцементированные осадки
в твердую породу.
a) river; plat; to be well; clay-rich; buried and compacted; to accumulate; to
tumble; viscosity and; to convert to; to form;
b) mud; sorted; coal; valleys; sediment; velocity; remains; near continental
coastlines; against each other; by direct precipitation of minerals.
1. . . . refers to processes that convert loose sediment to hard rock.
2. . . . consists of lithified sand grains.
3. . . . is a nonfissile rock composed of clay and silt.
4. The undecayed or partially decayed plant remains form . . . .
5. Most sediment becomes lithified by . . . and . . . .
6. Limestone formed from organic material is called . . . .
(peat; mudstone; cementation; sandstone; lithification; a bioclastic rock;
compaction)
V. Form verbs from the following words.
Class; disintegration; intense; concentration; solid; organ; evaporation; origin;
foliation; modification; relation; lithification; circulation; character.
1. The thickness of the layers of sedimentary rocks . . . vary greatly from place
to place.
a) have to; b) can; c) may.

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2. Geology . . . hardly exist without foundation of stratigraphy.
a) may; b) have to; c) could.
3. Geologists . . . use indirect methods for getting answers to many questions.
a) can’t; b) be able to; c) have to.
4. If you rub sand between your fingers you . . . see the grains with your naked
eye.
a) will be able to; b) can; c) must.
VII. Put questions to the sentences beginning with the words in brackets.
1. Organic sedimentary rocks consist of the plants or animals. (Do?)
2. Most limestone is composed of broken shell fragments. (What . . . of?)
3. Graywacke is commonly dark in colour because of fine clay that coats the
sand grains. (Why?)
VIII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form.
1. The scientists know that the stars and clouds (to move) constantly.
2. The climate on the Earth (to change) constantly.
3. Geologists (to discuss) this problem nest month.
4. They (to carry out) the experiment during the last two months.
5. Different internal and surface processes (to modify) the earth continuously.
6. Life (to originate) during Archean time.
IX. Read the text.
Weathering decomposes bedrock. Flowing water, wind, gravity, and
glaciers then erode the decomposed rock, transport it downslope, and finally
deposit it on the sea coast or in lakes and river valleys. Finally, the loose
sediment is cemented to form hard sedimentary rock. Sedimentary rocks make up
only about 5 percent of the Earth’s crust. However, because they form on the
Earth’s surface, they are widely spread in a thin veneer over underlying igneous
and metamorphic rocks. As a result, sedimentary rocks cover about 75 percent of
continents. Many sedimentary rocks have high economic value. Oil and gas form
in certain sedimentary rocks. Coal, a major energy resource, is a sedimentary
rock. Limestone is an important building material, both as stone and as the
primary ingredient in cement. Gypsum is the raw material for plaster. Ores of
copper, lead, zinc, iron, gold, and silver concentrate in certain types of
sedimentary rocks.
1. Sedimentary rocks cover a small portion of continents.
2. Sedimentary rocks make up a small portion of the Earth’s crust.
3. Surface agents erode the decomposed rock and deposit it on the ocean floor.

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4. Sedimentary rocks are widely spread over igneous and metamorphic rocks
because they are formed in the Earth’s interior.
X. Translate from Russian into English.
1. Образование осадочных пород начинается с выветривания всех типов
пород.
2. Осадочные горные породы имеют сложную структуру.
3. Осадочные породы содержат все мировые запасы нефти, угля и все ис-
копаемые остатки.
TEST V
UNIT V
WEATHERING
Mechanical weathering; parent rock; frost wedging; abrasion; thermal expansion
and contraction; overlying rock; to thaw during the day; daily freeze-thaw cycle;
to heat and cool granite repeatedly; common substance; rare in moist
environment; acid solution; much more corrosive than pure water; slightly acidic;
the only rock-forming silicate mineral; unaltered quartz grains.
Механическое и химическое выветривание; разложение (разрушение) по-
род; тысячелетие; захороненные породы; текущая вода; термальное расши-
рение и сжатие; быть подверженным коррозии; отличаться как физически,
так и химически от изначального материала; чистая (без примесей) вода;
делювиальные склоны; гидролиз; окисление; кислотный дождь; декомпрес-
сия (снятие нагрузки (давления) с образованием трещин); образование
ржавчины.
a) organic; to freeze; to be shaped by; to drag across; laboratory; to decompose; a
small; to remain; a reversible; atmospheric;
b) chemically; proportion of water; intact; reaction; activity; at height; bedrock;
oxygen; collisions; experiment.
1. Weathering is . . . of rocks and minerals at the Earth’s surface.

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2. . . . is the removal of weathered rocks and minerals by moving water, wind,
glaciers, and gravity.
3. . . . reduces solid rock to rubble.
4. If water accumulates in a crack and then freezes, its expansion pushes the rock
apart in a process called . . . .
5. The mechanical wearing and grinding of rock surfaces by friction and impact
is called . . . .
6. The most important processes of . . . are dissolution, hydrolysis, and
oxidation.
7. . . . can proceed in either direction if conditions change.
8. Because quartz is so tough and . . . to weathering, it is the primary
component of sand.
(frost wedging; chemical weathering; resistant; mechanical weathering; the
decomposition and disintegration; mechanical weathering; a reversible reaction;
erosion)
1. Weathering itself involves little or no . . . of the decomposed rocks and
minerals. (move)
2. The fragments are no . . . from the parent rock, except that they are smaller.
(differ)
3. Perhaps thermal expansion and contraction are more . . . in large outcrops.
(signify)
4. Water, carbon dioxide, acids and bases, and oxygen are common substances to
. . . rocks. (compose)
5. Calcite barely dissolves in pure water but is quite . . . in acids. (solve)
6. These ions render the water . . . . (acid)
1. Last Monday he . . . not eat breakfast because he got up late.
a) do; b) is; c) did.
2. How . . . you? – I am not very well today.
a) is; b) was; c) are.
3. She always . . . a shower in the morning.
a) have; b) is; c) has.
4. Mushrooms . . . in autumn.
a) is gathered; b) are gathered; c) gathered.
5. The rivers in America are . . . than those in England.
a) biggest; b) big; c) bigger.
6. Who is the . . . student in your group?
a) more good; b) best; c) better.

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7. Kate is not . . . nice . . . Ann.
a) as . . . as; b) so; c) as.
8. This woman is . . . young . . . that one.
a) so; b) as; c) as . . . as.
9. Russia is a very . . . country.
a) largest; b) larger; c) large.
VII. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Processes leading to the formation of sedimentary rocks are known.
2. Lava flowed down the hill destroying everything on its way.
3. Designing new machines, engineers pay attention to geological conditions.
4. Minerals consisting of a small number of different chemical elements are
found in nature.
VIII. Put all types of questions to the sentence.
The same reaction may be accelerated when ore is dug up and exposed at a mine site.
IX. Read the text.
Chemical and mechanical weathering work together, often on the same
rock at the same time. Chemical processes generally act only on the surface of a
solid object, so the reaction speeds up if the surface area increases. Think of a
burning log (бревно); the fire starts on the outside and works its way toward the
interior. A split (расколотый) log burns faster because the surface area is greater.
Mechanical processes crack rocks, thereby exposing more surface area for
chemical agents to work on. After mechanical processes fracture a rock, water
and air seeps into the fractures and initiate chemical weathering.
1. Chemical weathering is followed by mechanical weathering.
2. Chemical weathering never acts in the Earth’s interior.
3. All types of rocks are subject to both chemical and mechanical weathering.
1. Химическое выветривание происходит, когда химические реакции раз-
рушают минералы.
2. Кислотные дожди создают серьезные проблемы для окружающей среды.
3. Химическое и механическое выветривание действуют вместе.

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TEST VI
UNIT VI
GLASIERS
Glacier; tidal glacier; throughout the year; rounded ice grains; firn; temperate
regions; ice crystals; adjacent lowlands; elevation; ice sheet; to advance; to
retreat; steep ice cliff; snowpack; ice pinnacle; snowline.
Континентальный ледник; альпийский (высокогорный) ледник; постоянный
и сезонный снег; средняя годовая температура; сползать вниз по склону;
холодные полярные регионы; таяние; основание ледника; температура и
осадки; толщина льда; зона абляции (накопления).
a) closely packed; glaciated; mountain; glacial; cold, wet; entire; boundary
between; the rate of; to drop abruptly; moving mass of;
b) glacial flow; into the sea; ice and snow; permanent and seasonal snow; ice
crystals; environments; ice; mountain ranges; mountain; valleys.
1. If snow survives through one summer, it converts to rounded ice grains
called . . . .
2. . . . is a massive, long-lasting, moving mass of compacted snow and ice.
3. A glacier also moves by . . . in which it deforms as a viscous fluid.
4. Deep, narrow inlets called . . . extend far inland on many high-latitude
seacoasts.
5. . . . is a mound or a ridge of till.
6. The stream deposits this sediment beyond the glacier terminus as . . . .
7. Giant chunks of ice break off, or calve, forming . . . .
( plastic flow; icebergs; outwash; firn; a moraine; a glacier; fjords)
V. Use the words in brackets to form a word that fits in the space.
1. Temperature changes and . . . make the snow denser. (compact)
2. The . . . of an alpine glacier depends on both temperature and precipitation.
(grow)
3. Only a few meters of ice freeze on the . . . warm sea surface. (relative)
4. . . . resistance with the valley walls slows movement along the edges.
(friction)

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5. An ice-sheet, or . . . glacier, covers an area of 50.000 square kilometers or
more. (continent)
6. The terminus of a tidewater glacier is often a steep ice cliff dropping . . . into
the sea. (abrupt)
VI. Translate the sentences using Participle I and Absolute Participle
Construction.
1. Океаническая кора растекается наружу, покрывая разъединяющиеся тек-
тонические плиты.
2. Повышающаяся температура – важный фактор в образовании магмы в ас-
теносфере.
3. Три фактора влияют на образование магмы, причем самым важным явля-
ется добавление воды.
VII. Put the questions to which the following sentences are the answers.
1. Alpine glaciers exist on every continent – in the Arctic and Antarctica.
2. Yes, it is. A glacier is a massive, moving mass of compacted snow and ice.
3. Glacial striations are used to map the flow directions of glaciers.
Glaciers have advanced and retreated at least five times during the past
2 million years. In a relatively short time – perhaps only a few thousand years –
the Earth’s climate cooled by a few degrees. As winter snow failed to melt in
summer, the polar ice caps grew and spread into lower latitudes. At the same
time, glaciers formed near the summits of high mountains, even near the equator.
They flowed down mountain valleys into nearby lowlands. When the glaciers
reached their maximum size 18.000 years ago, they covered one third of the
Earth’s continents. About 15.000 years ago, Earth’s climate warmed again and
the glaciers melted rapidly. Although 18.000 years is a long time when compared
with a single human lifetime, it is a blink of an eye in geological time. In fact,
humans lived through the most recent glaciation. In southwestern France and
northern Spain humans developed sophisticated spearheads and carved body
ornaments between 40.000 and 30.000 years ago. People first began
experimenting with agriculture about 10.000 years ago.
1. During the past 2 million years glaciers have not moved.
2. In a relatively short time the Earth’s climate has changed greatly.
3. About 15.000 years ago, glaciers melted rapidly, because Earth’s climate war med.

17
1. Альпийские ледники образуются в горных регионах.
2. Когда ледник отступает, лед сползает вниз по склону.
3. Рост альпийских ледников зависит как от температуры, так и от атмо-
сферных осадков.
TEST VII
UNIT VII
STREAMS AND LAKES
Stream; tributary; channel; flood plain; steepness of a stream; discharge; sus-
pended load; competence of a stream; current velocity; fan; basal level; oxbow
lake; rejuvinated stream; stream bed; a stream feeding a delta.
Наводнение; дно канала; емкость потока; разветвленная река; аллювиаль-
ный конус выноса; боковая эрозия; стоячая вода; ложе потока; пересыхаю-
щая река; вниз по течению; соленая морская вода; впадать в море или озеро;
полноводная река (поток).
a) tumbling; water; erosion and sediment; a shallow; the amount of; stream; to be
choked with; the downstream; a braided; lateral;
b) velocity; direction; erosion; gradient; over boulders; stream; flowing in chan-
nel; water; transport; boulders.
1. All water flowing in a channel is called . . . .
2. During a flood, a stream overflows its banks and spreads over adjacent land
called . . . .
3. . . . is the amount of water flowing down a stream.
4. . . . of a stream is a measure of the largest particle it can carry.
5. . . . is a large, inland body of standing water that occupies a depression in the
land surface.
(competence; discharge; a lake; stream; a flow plain)
1. The velocity of a stream . . . increases in a downstream direction. (general)

18
2. Boulders in the stream bed increase turbulence and . . . . (resist)
3. Gradient is the . . . of a stream. (steep)
4. Rapidly . . . stream can carry cobbles. (flow)
5. In cold climate ice is an . . . agent. (abrasion)
6. Capacity is . . . to both current velocity and discharge. (proportion)
7. It depends . . . on current velocity. (most)
8. During a flood, a stream overflows its banks and spreads over adjacent land . . .
a flood plain. (call)
9. The current lifts sand and carries it a short distance before . . . it back to the
bed. (drop)
10. The movement of a glacier resembles that of a river: the center . . . more . . .
than the margins. (movement; rapid)
VI. Choose sentences in which the -ing form is a Gerund.
1. Creating great friction is common for a rough channel rather that for a smooth one.
2. Friction between flowing water and the stream channel slows current velocity.
3. Downward erosion is called downcutting.
4. For most streams, the lowest possible level of downcutting is sea level, which
is called the ultimate base level.
5. A stream may cut through the rising bedrock to keep its original course.
6. Isolating the old meander from the stream produces an oxbow lake.
7. A meandering stream flows through the flood plain, forming a wide valley
with a flat bottom.
8. If a stream cuts its way down to sea level, it would stop flowing.
VII. Translate the sentences.
1. Composition of granitic magma differs greatly form that of basaltic magma.
2. Scientists agree that the age of the Earth is approximately 4.6 billion years.
3. A braided stream is a stream that flows in many interconnecting channels.
4. Life originated during Archean time. That period is characterized by the
evolution of first one-celled organisms.
5. Ural mountains are much older than those in Caucasus.
VIII. Make up questions beginning with the words in brackets.
Little erosion occurs in flooding streams during the remainder of the year.
(Does?; When?; Where?)
IX. Read the text.
About 1.3 billion cubic kilometers of water exist at the Earth’s surface. If
the surface were perfectly level, water would form a layer 2 kilometers thick
surrounding the entire planet. Of this huge quantity, 97.5 percent is salty

19
seawater, and another 1.8 percent is frozen into the great ice caps of Antarctica
and Greenland. Only about 0.65 percent is fresh water in streams, underground
reservoirs, lakes, and wetlands. Thus, although the hydrosphere contains a great
amount of water, only a tiny fraction is fresh and liquid.
Are following statements true or false?
1. Water in streams, underground reservoirs, lakes and wetlands is salty.
2. Water forms a layer 2 kilometers thick surrounding the entire planet.
3. Hydrosphere includes waters in oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, streams and frozen
in glaciers.
1. Пресная вода на земле составляет только 0,65 %.
2. Поток, или река – это вода, текущая по каналу.
3. Вода испаряется из моря, выпадает в качестве дождя и течет с суши, воз-
вращаясь в море.

20
Учебное издание
ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЕ ТЕСТЫ
ПО АНГЛИЙСКОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
Часть I
Учебно-методическое пособие
Составители:
Титова Людмила Николаевна,
Должикова Ксения Юрьевна,
Юницкая Лариса Георгиевна
Редактор В.Г. Холина
Подписано в печать 13. 03. 2009. Формат 60×84/16. Усл. печ. л. 1,2.
Тираж 50 экз. Заказ 16.
Издательско-полиграфический центр
Воронежского государственного университета.
394000, г. Воронеж, пл. им. Ленина, 10. Тел. 208-298, 598-026 (факс)
http://www.ppc.vsu.ru; e-mail: pp_center@ppc.vsu.ru
Отпечатано в типографии Издательско-полиграфического центра
Воронежского государственного университета.
394000, г. Воронеж, ул. Пушкинская, 3. Тел. 204-133

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