This document provides an overview of the roots and history of psychology. It discusses early Western contributors like Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Locke. It also covers Islamic concepts like the 7 types of nafs and influential Muslim psychologists such as Ibn Sina, Imam Ghazali, Al-Kindi, and teachings from Prophet Muhammad. Finally, it lists common concepts explored by both Western and Islamic psychology such as behavior, mental processes, mind-body relationships, and cognition.

1. MUHAMMAD ISMAIL GHAFFAR 29569
ABDUS SAMEEH MALIK 27972

2. 
 Roots Of Psychology
Western Famous Contributors
 7 types of nafs
 Islamic World Famous Contributors
 Common Concepts Given By Both Worlds
(Summary)
CONTENTS

3. 
Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental
processes
 BEHAVIOUR
Anything that you do that can be observed.
 MENTAL PROCESSES
Internal experiences such as: thoughts, feelings, sensations,
and perceptions
ROOTS OF
PSYCHOLOGY

4. 
Two historical roots of psychology are the disciplines of:
 Philosophy and chemistry
 Philosophy and physiology
 Philosophy and physics
Historical Roots of
Psychology

5. 
 Greek philosopher that believed that
who we are and what we know are
innate (inborn).
 What we know are acquired from
experience.
 Mind body relationship
 Body-mind duality
Plato and Aristotle

6. 
The French philosopher / mathematician
 Invented the Cartesian system of coordinates
(the coordinate geometry)
 Believed in the body-mind duality. But he
was open enough to consider that there is an
uninterrupted transaction between the body
and the mind.
Rene Descartes

7. 
 The body-mind duality
 Clean-slate mind‟ (tabula rasa)
 Knowledge comes from observation, and
what we know comes from experience.
John Locke

8. 
7 TYPES OF
NAFS

13. 
Islamic World Famous
Contributors

14. 
 Qur'an and the Arabic classics
 Neurosciences
 Psychophysiology and psychosomatic
medicine
 Studied senses
IBN SINA (980-1037)

15. 
He described the self using four terms:
 Qalb (heart)
 Ruh (spirit)
 Nafs (soul)
 'Aql (intellect).
IMAM GHAZALI (1058-1111)

16. 
 Pioneer in experimental psychology
 Cognitive method to combat depression
 Music therapy
 Spiritual (nafsani)
AL-KINDI (803-873)

17. 
Focused on:
 Superiority and inferiority complex
 Wisdom
 Manners
 Good health
 Spiritual elevation and purity
 Clarity of thoughts
 Positive thoughts
 Building of character
 Meditation
Prophet Muhammad
{SAW} -(570-632)