Theory of Buildings ARCH 243 - 2 - Dwell groups and trad homes

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Neighborhood
Our dwellings are not in isolated
places,
they are in groups

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This is from eastern Black Sea high lands

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This is from central part of Turkey

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Comparing the two pictures we can see many
differences, the most stricking one is the
density difference
• The first one is a country side settlement where
density is very low (yayla yerleşmesi)
• The second one is also in the country side but
an agricultural settlement where density is a little
higher.
Both are rural settlements (kırsal yerleşim)

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There are other differences
• There is no evidence of agriculture in the
first picture but there are large pastures in
the vicinity.There is animal husbandry
(hayvancılık)
• The trees are naturally grown (hüda-i nabit)
• Large open spaces indicate that land price
is low, or may be there is no private land
ownership (toprak kamu malı)

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• In the second picture there is smooth
topography and indicators of agriculture.
• Trees are planted by people.
• Houses are located more closely but only
one or two storey high.
• The boundary walls show that there is land
ownership but its price is not as high as it
is in the cities.

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So we can jump to 3 conclusions :
• Our homes are located within groups.
• Some groups are denser than others.
• Location of our homes and density
difference depends on how we live.
Density = number of people / on a piece of land
Population density & Built area density are co-related

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A quick history of our own
dwellings

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• Up until 1970 ies, all towns had a housing
stock peculiar to a certain region(sadece bir
yöreye has evler, yöresel ev). We call them
vernacular, traditional or local homes.
• With increase of population and rapid
urbanization we have lost most of them.
• But deep in our collective memory (toplumsal
hafızada) they live as “spatial models” .

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Some of the surviving examples
(try to identify their materials and construction systems)

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• Göynük

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• İnebolu

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• Karadeniz

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• Nevşehir

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• Urfa

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• These are just snap shots to give us an
impression of how our grand parents lived.
• What do we learn from them about our
grand parents' lives ?

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• They were building their homes with
materials available in the vicinity.
• They were building only 1 or 2 storey high
buildings.
• In the cities or in the rural settelements they
were not living as densely as we do.

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• Modest house of a
small family
• With a court yard
• Adobe

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• Again a modest but larger
home
• With a court yard
• Adobe

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• Again from Konya
• A large home of a large
family
• A cout yard and a garden
• Adobe

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• Not as large but similar home
• Two different court yards
• Stone masonry

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• Bursa was always an
industrial-commertial city.
• One side of this house was
the shopping street.
• Thimber frame structure.

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• All of them are examples from
– Pre-industrial
– Low-density cities
In this context (time&place) families were larger
House hold size was avarage 5 to 12 people
Today house holds are avarage 1 to 4 people

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• That means, today we have to place more
people on same m2 area = Higher density.
• Now let us return to our time & place

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This is also from central part of Turkey today

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• In this picture, houses are located more
closely and there is indicator of a town
center : the mosque…
• And even the first multi-storey building, the
first apartment house of the town is on
the main street.

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In tree pictures we see tree settlement patterns :
In the small town
settlemet
•houses are multi
storey and even an
apartment building
•located very closely
(medium density)
•no gardens
•there are streets
In the country side
settlement
•houses are single
storey
•located closer,(low
density)
•each unit has a clear
lot
•gardens are
seperated
•there are streets
In the yayla
settlement
•houses are single
storey,
•located far apart,(very
low desity)
•there are no
boundries of lots,
•no garden walls,
•no streets

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• So far we are still in rural towns,
country side (kırsal çevre)
• But now majority of our population is living
in cities (kentsel çevre)
• How about DENSITY in the cities?

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We like it or not we have to understand
density increase as a phenomena
How and why it happened ?
Population increase
Rapid flow of population
Life style change
New technologies
all effected

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• All contries lived through such a transition
– It began in different times of history in different
places.
– Some countries applied planning.
• In Turkey, the process started at 1960 ies.
– We have planning but not no enforcement.
– Our transition was far too rapid than expected.

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• Planned neighborhoods dictate their own
house forms which group in a pattern.
• It has a terninology of its own (yöresel evler için
olmayan konut tipi isimleri)......

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Terminology of housing patterns
• Detached house (tek ev) a single family
unit under one roof, usually 1 or 2 storey.
• Semi-detached house (ikiz ev) two single
family units attached on one side, usually
1 or 2 storey.
• Row house (sıra ev) several units
attached to form a row, usually 1 or 2
storey.

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In a planned settlement
one building lot (bir
parsel) used by one
family.
We call this dwelling
form
DETACHED HOUSING

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• We call it “bahçeli
tek ev / müstakil ev”

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Demand for housing
increases, homes
built side by side
forming rows.

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Row houses
• We call them “sıra ev”.
• Some are modest, some well to do single
family homes.
• Some are low rised apartment buildings.

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Row houses from Ireland for low income
population

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19th century London, prestigious row houses

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19th. century Şişli row house
• This is where Atatürk
lived when Istanbul was
under British occupation.
The house is typical of its
time, it is kept as a
museum. The two
buildings on each side
were renewed as high
raised apartments in 1960
ies

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Housing demand increases even
further....
Multi storey row houses become
“Rows of apartment buildings”
This process started at 19.th
century.

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Apartment Building :
In crowded
European cities,
of 19 th. century
were mostly
prestigous.
This is from Paris.

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So is our Şişli

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Apartment Buildings
• Low raised apartment building (az katlı apartman
binası), several single family units in separate
flats, under same roof. Usually 2 to 4 storey. May
be detached or in a row.
• High raised apartment building (çok katlı
apartman binası), many flats under same roof.
Usually 8 to 15 storey high. The higher ones are
usually free standing blocks.

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• The latest trend in Turkey is to design and
build an entire neighborhood all together.
• We call them mass housing.
• They sometimes combine all types.

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A combined neighboorhood

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