CARIBSAVE: A Sectoral Approach to Vulnerability and Resilience. St Lucia Workshop

Protecting and enhancing the livelihoods, environments and economies of the Caribbean Basin
CARIBSAVE:
A SECTORAL APPROACH TO VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCEA SECTORAL APPROACH TO VULNERABILITY AND RESILIENCE
INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION
CARIBSAVE Stakeholders Workshop
2 November 20092 November 2009
Bay Gardens Inn, St Lucia
Dr. MURRAY C. SIMPSON
Co-Director and CEO CARIBSAVE Partnership
Senior Research Associate
Caribbean Climate Change, Tourism & Livelihoods:
Water, Energy, Agriculture, Health, Biodiversity, Infrastructure and Settlement, Comprehensive Disaster Management
Senior Research Associate,
Oxford University Centre for the Environment

The Presentation
• Geographic Scope of CARIBSAVE• Geographic Scope of CARIBSAVE
• Vulnerability Hotspots, Impacts and
Key IssuesKey Issues
• Impacts for Economic Development
• Tourism the Contributor• Tourism the Contributor
• The CARIBSAVE Partnership
• CARIBSAVE Objectives• CARIBSAVE Objectives
• The Path to Solutions

ACS & CTO = Geographic scope of CARIBSAVE

Caribbean – Major Tourism Vulnerability ‘Hotspot’Caribbean Major Tourism Vulnerability Hotspot
Hotspot
Regional
Knowledge Gaps

SECTORAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN
SUSTAINABLE DESTINATIONS & CLIMATE CHANGE
Agric lt re
Water Transport
S t i bl
Agriculture Climate
Sustainable
Caribbean
Tourism
Infrastructure
Economic
Development
Tourism
Destinations
Natural
Waste
Health
Resources
Energy
Waste
Management
Security
Water, Energy, Agriculture, Health, Biodiversity, Infrastructure and Settlement, Comprehensive Disaster Management Simpson et al 2008a
Energy Security

Key Issues
Supply Destination / Physical Impacts• Supply – Destination / Physical Impacts
• Demand – Mitigation Policies
• Livelihoods – Economic Development - GDP• Livelihoods – Economic Development - GDP
• Tourism Dependence
• Vulnerability (‘Hot Spot’)• Vulnerability ( Hot Spot )
• Knowledge Gap
• Sectoral ImpactsSectoral Impacts
• Fragmented – work, geography, governance
• Capacity and Data
p y

Major Impacts: Climate Change on Caribbean Tourism SectorMajor Impacts: Climate Change on Caribbean Tourism Sector
• Crucial interdependence: Tourism and Climate…
• - national economy, livelihoods, development, environment
Gradual and Extreme• Gradual and Extreme
• Regulatory policy, voluntary initiatives and costs
• Coastal Emphasis• Coastal Emphasis
• Air temperature and Sea Surface temperature
• Sea level rise
• Coastal erosion• Coastal erosion
• Changes in levels of precipitation
• Extreme events: increase in intensity and frequency,
• - e.g. drought, flood, storm surge, (hurricane)e.g. drought, flood, storm surge, (hurricane)
• Seasonality shifts
• Biodiversity Loss and Change / Loss of Destination Aesthetics
• Infrastructure and settlement destruction
• Water Salinisation, Agricultural losses

©Dubois

IMPACTS FOR
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

More Information - More Destruction?More Information - More Destruction?
• 4 Billion – add. people suffer from water shortages(2C)
• 40% - of Earth’s species threatened (2C)
• $22 Billion – inaction cost to Caribbean
(tourism revenue, infrastructure, hurricane)( , , )
• $125 Billion+ annual cost to world economy
• 40% - weather related disasters caused by climate
h
change

Economic Risks of Climate Change
‘Our actions over the coming few decades could create risks of‘Our actions over the coming few decades could create risks of
major disruption to economic and social activity, later in this
century and in the next, on a scale similar
to those associated with the great wars and the economicto those associated with the great wars and the economic
depression of the first half of the 20th century.’
‘Climate change is the greatest challenge facing humanity
t th t t f th 21st t F il t t thiat the start of the 21st century. Failure to meet this
challenge raises the spectre of unprecedented reversals in
human development.’

TOURISM ‘THE CONTRIBUTOR’

Emissions from global tourism, 2005g ,
Sub-Sectors CO2 (Mt)
Air transport * 522 40% Transportation
Car transport 418 32%
Other transport 39 3%
Accommodation 274 21%
p
of Tourists = 75%
of Sector Emissions
Accommodation 274 21%
Activities 52 4%
TOTAL 1,307
Total World
(IPCC 2007)
26,400
To ismTourism
Contribution 4.95% * does not include non-CO2
emissions and other impacts

If Tourism
was a Country
Rank Country
Percentage of
total emissions
(2005)
d
was a Country
China now top…
1 United States 22.2 %
2 China 18.4 %
- European Union 11.4 %
China now top…
3 Russia 5.6 %
4 India 4.9 %
- Global Tourism Sector 5.0%
5 Japan 4.6 %
6 Germany 3.0 %
7 Canada 2.3 %7 Canada 2.3 %
8 United Kingdom 2.2 %
9 South Korea 1.7 %
10 It l 1 7 %
10 Italy 1.7 %

Emissions from global tourism, 2005 & 2035
2500
3000
3500
Air Transport
1500
2000
2500
MtCO2
Air Transport
Car Transport
Other Transport
A d ti
500
1000
1500
M
Accommodation
Activities
0
2005 2035

THE CARIBSAVE PARTNERSHIPTHE CARIBSAVE PARTNERSHIP

Caribbean Community Climate Change Centre
University of Oxford
Association of Caribbean States
Caribbean Tourism OrganizationCaribbean Tourism Organization
• Multi-Sector
• Multi Objective• Multi-Objective
• Multi- Donor
• USD $35 MillionUSD $35 Million
• Links and Compliments ACS – STZC
• Long-Term Approach Established - Whole
R iRegion
• PRACTICAL STRATEGIES
• Inclusive and Critical Mass
• Inclusive and Critical Mass

Regional & International
Organizations
International Development
Organizations and NGOs
e.g. ACS, CTO, CDERA,
UNEP, UNWTO, UNDP,
WMO, UNECLAC, CANARI,
IIED, CIMH, CHTA,
CARICOM, CAST, OECS,
e.g. FCO, DFID, WWF,
Travel Foundation ,
DANIDA, SITHSONIAN,
WORLD BANK, IADB, CIDA,
GTZ, SNV, Buccoo Reef
Trust
CENTRAL ACTION
GROUP
ACS, CTO, CCCCC,
OXFORD UNIVERSITY +
REPRESENTATIVES OF
PARTNER ACTION
GROUPSGROUPS
e.g. All Partner Countries
and e.g. CCAA, VIRGIN,
SANDALS Oil Companies
e.g. UWI, TUFTS, UW, Leon,
UMA, UNA, Limoge, W.
Norway Maastricht
SANDALS, Oil Companies,
Green Globe, Scotia Bank
Norway, Maastricht,
Carolina, Lund,
Partner Countries and
Private Sector
Academic & Research Institutes

Summary : CARIBSAVE Climate Change Analysis, Strategy Development, Implementation & Monitoring; component example

• CARIBSAVE WILL: In the face of climate change,
...strengthen, protect and enhance theg , p
livelihoods, environments and
economies of Caribbean nations,
communities and sectoral stakeholderscommunities and sectoral stakeholders
....who rely directly and indirectly on the Caribbean tourism industry, and to
strengthen, protect and enhance the natural and built assets, and sectors on
which the industry is basedwhich the industry is based
• The CARIBSAVE Partnership has Seven (7) Principal• The CARIBSAVE Partnership has Seven (7) Principal
Objectives ...

CARIBSAVE OBJECTIVES
1 T f ll d l d l1. To successfully model and analyse
the changes in climate as they will
ff t t i d l t d t iaffect tourism and related sectors in
the Caribbean Basin on a regional,
ti l d d ti ti l lnational and destinational scale.

2 T d fil th2. To assess and profile the
vulnerability, resilience and
d ti it f t i dadaptive capacity of tourism and
related sectors to climate change in
ti d d ti ti d tnations and destinations; and to
provide a Risk Atlas of nations across
th C ibb B ithe Caribbean Basin.

3 T d l t th i t f3. To measure and evaluate the impacts of
climate change on tourism and livelihoods on
a sectoral basis including:a sectoral basis including:
– Water;
– Energygy
– Agriculture,
– Human Health;
Bi di it– Biodiversity,
– Infrastructure
– Comprehensive Disaster Management
Comprehensive Disaster Management

4 T i f d d l ti l d4. To inform and develop national and
regional policy by conducting socio-
economic analyses of the costs and riskseconomic analyses of the costs and risks
of climate change adaptation and mitigation
in the Caribbean tourism sector.

5 T d l i l t d it5. To develop, implement and monitor
practical adaptation and mitigation
strategies and policies for tourism andstrategies and policies for tourism and
related sectors identified in Objective 3; i.e.
implement cross-ministerial policies andp p
community-based adaptation strategies
to enable governments and communities to
ff ti l dd th h ll f li teffectively address the challenges of climate
change.

6 T t th t iti f th C ibb6. To support the transition of the Caribbean
region’s tourism sector to a low carbon
economy and to create the world’s firsteconomy and to create the world s first
‘Carbon Neutral’ tourism region.

7 T b ild it d t f kill7. To build capacity and transfer skills
through the design and implementation of
sectoral based initiatives and seminarssectoral based initiatives and seminars
including community outreach,
institutional strengthening and privateg g p
sector engagement.

FundingFunding
BUDGET $35 Million (Initial approx 5 Years)
Seed Funding Stage (1 & 1a)
1. UK Foreign and Commonwealth Office (FCO)
2. Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO2. Caribbean Tourism Organization (CTO
3. UK Department for International Development (DFID)
4. World Bank
5 IDB5. IDB
Second Phase – Commence: Risk Atlas, Most Vulnerable
Ca bon Ne t alit Ene g EfficiencCarbon Neutrality, Energy Efficiency
DFID, FCO, CTO, WB, IDB, HNWIs +++

Phase 1 and 1a:Phase 1 and 1a:
Pilots and Copenhagen
• Eleuthera, The Bahamas
• Montego Bay, JamaicaMontego Bay, Jamaica
• Negril, Jamaica
• Western Barbados Barbados• Western Barbados, Barbados
• Rodney Bay/Pigeon Causeway
and Soufiere St Luciaand Soufiere, St Lucia

CARIBSAVE CC Analysis, Strategy Development, Implementation & Monitoring; component example

Phase 2; Country Profiles
• The Bahamas• The Bahamas
• Jamaica
• Barbados• Barbados
• St Lucia
• Dominican Republic• Dominican Republic
• Anguilla
• St Kitts• St Kitts
• Grenada
• Suriname
• Suriname

MITIGATION
Summary : CARIBSAVE Climate Change Analysis, Strategy Development, Implementation & Monitoring; component example
MITIGATION
SPIRAL

ACTION NOWACTION – NOW
Interdisciplinary Approach – Unique and Innovative
• Collaborative Work – destinational, local, national and regional
• Cross-Ministerial – multi-stakeholders
• Climate ScienceClimate Science
• Physical Impacts and Vulnerability
• Tourism & Related Sector Impacts & Vulnerability
• Stakeholder Socio-Economic Livelihood and Gender Impacts• Stakeholder, Socio-Economic, Livelihood and Gender Impacts
and Vulnerabilities
• Government Policies, Practical Strategies, Community-based
Adaptation, Implementation, M&E,Adaptation, Implementation, M&E,
Water – Energy – Agriculture – Health – Biodiversity
Infrastructure – Comprehensive Disaster Management
p g

• Cross sectoral Inter ministerial• Cross-sectoral - Inter-ministerial,
• Regional and International
• Cooperation and Collaboration is required• Cooperation and Collaboration is required
(Actually it’s Essential!!!)

‘F I O ti i t‘For me, I am an Optimist…
for there seems little point in anything else’
Winston Churchill
THANK YOUTHANK YOU
WWW.CARIBSAVE.ORG
i @ k
murray.simpson@ouce.ox.ac.uk
www.geog.ox.ac.uk/news/events/ccamts/ccamts.pdf

CARIBSAVE: A Sectoral Approach to Vulnerability and Resilience. St Lucia Workshop

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