Parallel Session 3 - Monday 19 September 2016

1. UNRAVELING GENDER
DISPARITIES IN SCIENCE:
ANALYSIS OF CONTRIBUTORSHIP
AND LABOR ROLES
Cassidy R. Sugimoto
Vincent Larivière
OECD Blue Sky 2016
September 19th, 2016

2. New forms of credit attribution
Authorship
Contributorship
Acknowledgements

3. Authorship badges (biomed central)
http://news.sciencemag.org/scientific-community/2014/11/could-digital-badges-clarify-
roles-co-authors

4. Contributorship / guaranteeship (BMJ)
Contributors: W-HZ designed data collection tools, monitored data collection for the whole trial, wrote the statistical analysis plan, cleaned and
analysed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. She is guarantor. CD-T implemented the trial in France, analysed the data, and drafted
and revised the paper. PB analysed the data and drafted and revised the paper. EJ wrote the statistical analysis plan, monitored data
collection for the whole trial, and revised the draft paper. MJ designed data collection tools,, monitored data collection for the whole trial, and
revised the draft paper. SA initiated the collaborative project, designed data collection tools, implemented the trial for the all countries,
monitored data collection for the whole trial, analysed the data, and drafted and revised the paper. All members of EUPHRATES designed the
trial. Diogo Ayres-de-Campos, Istvan Berbik, Marie-Hélène Bouvier-Colle, Vicenç Cararach, Risto Erkkola, Mathias Klein, Walter Prendiville,
Jos van Roosmalen, Babill Stray-Pedersen, and Carolyn Troeger implemented the trial in, respectively, Portugal, Hungary, France, Spain,
Finland, Austria, Republic of Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, and Switzerland, and revised the draft paper. Gérard Bréart analysed the data and
revised the draft paper. Alison Macfarlane and Clare Winter revised the draft paper.

5. Research Questions
1. How are contributions associated with
authors’ order?
2. What is the relationship between
academic age and type of contribution?
3. How does contribution vary by gender?

6. Source of data on contributorship
• Public Library of Science (PLOS) papers (XML format)
• 8 peer-reviewed scientific journals:
o PLOS Biology (2003)
o PLOS Medicine (2004)
o PLOS Genetics, PLOS Computational Biology, PLOS Pathogens (2005)
o PLOS ONE (2006)
o PLOS Clinical Trials (2006-2007).
o PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases (2007).
N=127,911 papers

7. Extracting contributions
These contributions can take many forms:
Conceived and designed the experiments: TES SB RKT AP. Performed the
experiments: TES SG JM JHK KS NC FH. Analyzed the data: TES RKT AP SAC SL.
Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AP. Wrote the paper: TES RKT SB.
MS, CS, NC, CT, FGB, DR, NSF, MCP, HF, MPF, FB, PVA, PEC, SO, AG, FAS, PD,
AM, MLA, and OS conceived, designed or performed the experiments. MS, CS, NC,
CT, FGB, DR, NSF, KLR, MCP, HF, FB, PVA, PEC, SO, AG, IS, FAR, FAS, PD, AM,
MLA, and OS analyzed the data or corrected the paper. BV, AZ, and AS contributed
reagents/materials/analysis tools. MS, MLA, and OS wrote the paper.
Conceived and designed the experiments: Ohad Yogev, Orli Yogev, Eitan Shaulian,
Michal Goldberg, Thomas D. Fox, Ophry Pines. Performed the experiments: Ohad
Yogev, Orli Yogev, Esti Singer, Thomas D. Fox. Analyzed the data: Ohad Yogev, Orli
Yogev, Eitan Shaulian, Michal Goldberg, Thomas D. Fox, Ophry Pines. Contributed
reagents/materials/analysis tools: Michal Goldberg, Thomas D. Fox, Ophry Pines.
Wrote the paper: Ohad Yogev, Michal Goldberg, Ophry Pines.

8. Linking contributions to authors
Authorship
Contributorship

9. Proportion of contributions, by discipline
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Social Sciences
Psychology
Professional Fields
Physics
Mathematics
Health
Engineering and
Technology
Earth and Space
Clinical Medicine
Chemistry
Biomedical
Research
Biology
Percentage of contributions performed
First
Middle
Last

10. Relationship with age
Contribution Mean age
Analyzed the data 10.5
Conceived and designed the experiments 13.2
Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools 12.7
Performed the experiments 6.8
Wrote the paper 12.6

11. Changes in contribution, by age
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
Percentageofauthors
Career lenght (Time since first publication)
Analyzed the data
Conceived and
designed the
experiments
Wrote the paper
Contributed
reagents/materials/anal
ysis tools
Performed the
experiments

12. Change in distribution by # of authors
Difference between female and male contributions by # of authors on
the paper
1 6 11 16
M
F
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
1 6 11 16
Percentageofauthors
Analysis
1 6 11 16
Design
1 6 11 16
Material
1 6 11 16
Write
1 6 11 16
Perform

13. Change in contribution by career age
Difference in female to male contributorship by career age

14. Odds of female contribution by type

15. Limitations
Self-reported contributions
Hierarchical structure of
science
Lack of large-scale data

16. Next step: acknowledgements
The authors wish to thank Michelle Dittrich, Roxanne Rousseau, Marilyn Lilley,
and Maureen Sigurdson for coordinating and conducting the study. Anne
DyBuncio is thanked for data analysis…
We gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Sr Janet Watters and Donna
Reeves in the interview, data collection and measurement bone mineral
density…
We thank Xiulian Sun for statistical analysis and Yanfang Zhang for cell culture.

17. THANK YOU!
CONTACT
CASSIDY R. SUGIMOTO
SUGIMOTO@INDIANA.EDU
WITH QUESTIONS
VINCENT LARIVIERE
VINCENT.LARIVIERE@UMONTREAL.CA