GPS with reference to wildlife

1. GPS with respect to
Wildlife

2. 1. What is GPS?
2. GPS: History
3. GPS: A brief system overview
4. GPS system comprises how many
functional segments
5. Transforming GPS Into An Animal
Tracking System
6. Applications
Contents

3. 7. Installation of GPS Devices
i. Collar Attachment
ii. Harness Attachment
iii. Direct Attachment
iv. Other Attachment Methods
8. GPS devices starting at 5 grams of total weight
9. Advantages
10.Disadvantage
11.Future Development
12.Conclusion
Contents

4. GPS wildlife tracking is a process
whereby biologists, scientific
researchers or conservation agencies
can remotely observe relatively fine-
scale movement or migratory patterns
in a free-ranging wild animal using
the Global Positioning System.
What is GPS?

5. GPS Structure

6. During the past 35 years, new technologies
have been developed for remotely tracking
and studying free-ranging animals, and
advances in technology continue to
increase opportunities for incorporating
tracking and biotelemetry to study animal
behaviour and ecology
advantages to obtaining animal positions
from GPS over other technologies.
GPS: HISTORY

7. GPS allows position determination on the
surface of the Earth and in the air.
GPS systems are highly accurate and
repeatable compared with very high
frequency (VHF)
GPS has 24-hour coverage, with position
updates available in rapid succession (one
location update per second is typical).
GPS: HISTORY

8. The first GPS receivers were developed by
Magellan in 1989 and weighed 840 g with
a volume of 885 cm3.These were therefore
impractical for animal applications. Large
commercial markets have been
responsible for the rapid advances in GPS
receiver technology. By the mid-1990s,
the larger GPS manufacturing companies
shifted their marketing plans to the
manufacturing of receiver engines and
chip sets.
GPS: HISTORY

9. The GPS, also known as NAVSTAR, began
in 1973 when the United States Department
of Defense developed a satellite-based
three-dimensional positioning system with
24-hour worldwide coverage.
The initial design was four satellites to be in
view from any position on the Earth's
surface at any time.
GPS: a brief system overview

10. The concept was based on a receiver's
distance from a satellite being estimated by
measuring the time for the signal to travel
from the satellite to a GPS receiver.
Measuring the time from each of the four
satellites (of known positions) allows three-
dimensional position fixing (latitude,
longitude and altitude) to be determined at
the GPS receiver.
GPS: a brief system overview

11. — The space segment is 24 satellites, each
orbiting about 20 200 km above the Earth,
approximately every 12 h.
— The operational ground control segment
includes five tracking stations distributed
throughout the world.The master control
station is at the Consolidated Space
Operational Center in Colorado Springs,
CO, USA.
GPS - three functional segments

12. — The user segment is a GPS receiver
designed to track, measure time of signal
arrival, demodulate and use navigation
messages.
GPS - three functional segments

13. Fully functional GPS tracking systems for wildlife
developed as commercial GPS technology
matured and was integrated with other diverse
technologies.
Early receivers required 10–30 min to find GPS
satellites and determine their first position.
Many early receivers required a complete
download of an almanac on first power up, which
took 13 min.
Transforming GPS Into An Animal
Tracking System

14. 1) Wild life animal tracking — To track the
animals in forest and wildlife national parks.
2) We can use it for domestic purpose to
detect pet animals.
Applications

15. Installation of GPS
Devices

16. Collar attachment is the primary attachment
technique where the subject has a suitable body
type and behaviour. Tracking collars would
normally be used on the animal's neck but also
on a limb, perhaps around an ankle.
Suitable animals for neck attachment would
include primates, large cats, some bears etc. Limb
attachment would work well in animals such
as kiwi, where the foot is much larger than the
ankle.
Collar Attachment

18. Harness attachments may used in
situations where collar attachment is not
suitable, such as animals whose neck
diameter may exceed that of the head.
Examples of this type of animal may include
Tasmanian devils, Large, long-necked, birds
such as the greylag goose
Harness Attachment

20. Direct attachment is used on animals where a
collar cannot be used, such as birds, reptiles
and marine mammals.
In the case of birds, the GPS unit must be very
lightweight to avoid interfering with the bird's
ability to fly or swim. The device is usually
attached by gluing or using epoxy (or similar
material), for short deployments, taping to the
bird. The unit will then naturally fall off when the
bird next moults.
Direct Attachment

22. Other applications
include rhinoceros tracking, for which a
hole may be drilled in the animal's horn and
a device implanted.
Compared to other methods, implanted
transmitters may suffer from a reduced
range as the large mass of the animal's
body can absorb some transmitted power.
Other Attachment Methods

24. GPSTracking System for wildlife with
the best technology and
maximum battery life.
These systems are also lightweight
and humane for the study animals.
Our handcrafted GPS, starting at 5
grams total weight, is ideal for small
mammals, herp, and birds.
GPS devices starting at 5 grams of total
weight

26. 1)This method is fast and convenient as
compared to other system.
2)This does not require human attention as
this is completely self-independent and
automated system.
Advantages

27. Real-time monitoring

28. In actual use this project will be operated
on a rechargeable battery. So this battery
needs to be recharged.
For the longer operation of battery, we
need to use low power consumption
devices, ICs and components; this will
increase the cost of the system.
Disadvantage

29. We can add more sensors to monitor health
parameters.
Future Development

30. Conclusion

31. Any Question?